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Divalent Anion Transport in Crustacean and Molluscan Gastrointestinal Epithelia

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Epithelial Transport Physiology

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Abstract

A novel invertebrate gastrointestinal transport mechanism has been shown to couple chloride/sulfate exchange in an electrogenic fashion. In the lobster, Homarus americanus, the hepatopancreas, or digestive gland, exists as an outpocketing of the digestive tract, representing a single cell layer separating the gut lumen and an open circulatory system comprised of hemolymph. Investigations utilizing independently prepared brush-border and basolateral membrane vesicles revealed discrete antiport systems which possess the capacity to bring about a transcellular secretion of sulfate. The luminal antiport system functions as a high affinity, one-to-one chloride/sulfate exchanger that is stimulated by an increase in luminal hydrogen ion concentration. Such a system would take advantage of the high chloride concentration of ingested seawater, as well as the high proton concentrations generated during digestion, which further suggests a potential regulation by resident sodium-proton exchangers. Exchange of one chloride for one divalent sulfate ion provides the driving force for electrogenic vectorial translocation. The basolateral antiport system was found to be electroneutral in nature, responsive to gradients of the dicarboxylic anion oxalate, while lacking in proton stimulation. No evidence of sodium/sulfate cotransport, commonly reported for the brush border of vertebrate renal and intestinal epithelia, was observed in either membrane preparation. The two antiporters together can account for the low hemolymph to seawater sulfate levels previously described in decapod crustaceans. A secretory pathway for sulfate based upon electrogenic chloride-antiport may appear among invertebrates partly in response to digestion taking place in a seawater environment.

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Acknowledgements

This project was supported by the Eppley Foundation for Research, Inc. (G.A.G.) and by N.S.F. IBN 99-74569 (G.A.A.).

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  1. Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 32610-0274, Gainesville, FL, USA

    George A. Gerencser

  2. Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA

    Gregory A. Ahearn

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Correspondence to George A. Gerencser .

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  1. College of Medicine, University of Florida, SW. Archer Road 1600, Gainesville, 32610-0274, U.S.A.

    George A. Gerencser

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Gerencser, G.A., Ahearn, G.A. (2010). Divalent Anion Transport in Crustacean and Molluscan Gastrointestinal Epithelia. In: Gerencser, G. (eds) Epithelial Transport Physiology. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-229-2_2

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