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Activated Sludge Processes

  • Chapter
Biological Treatment Processes

Part of the book series: Handbook of Environmental Engineering ((HEE,volume 8))

Abstract

Activated sludge consists of suspended biological flocs that are matrices of microorganisms, nonliving organic matter and inorganic materials. The activated sludge or biological flocs mix with the waste stream, oxidize the organic substances in the wastewater in the presence of oxygen for bio-oxidation and nitrification reactions, or in the absence of oxygen for denitrification reaction. This chapter introduces the suspended growth systems, bio-oxidation, microorganisms, substrate removal, enzymatic actions, energy flow, microbial synthesis, respiration, kinetics, sludge growth, complete-mix bioreactor, plug-flow bioreactor, contact stabilization, extended aeration, conventional activated sludge, step aeration, Kraus process, tapered aeration, modified aeration, high-rate aeration, oxidation ditch, pure oxygen activated sludge, flotation activated sludge, and process design.

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Acknowledgments

This chapter is updated based on the first edition, which was originally written by Drs. Mu Hao Sung Wang, Lawrence K. Wang and Calvin P. C. Poon. Dr. Mu Hao Sung Wang will coauthor the chapter again in next edition.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lenox Institute of Water Technology, Lenox, MA

    Lawrence K. Wang & Nazih K. Shammas

  2. Krofta Engineering Corporation, Lenox, MA

    Lawrence K. Wang & Nazih K. Shammas

  3. Zorex Corporation, 1 Dawn Drive, Latham, NY, 12110, USA

    Lawrence K. Wang

  4. Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

    Zucheng Wu

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Lenox Institute of Water Technology, Lenox, MA

    Lawrence K. Wang PhD, PE, DEE

  2. Krofta Engineering Corporation, Lenox, MA

    Lawrence K. Wang PhD, PE, DEE

  3. Zorex Corporation, 1 Dawn Drive, Latham, NY, 12110, USA

    Lawrence K. Wang PhD, PE, DEE

  4. Monsanto Company, 14620 Mill Spring Ct., Chesterfield, MO, 63017

    Norman C. Pereira PhD

  5. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cleveland State University, 16945 Deerfield Drive, Strongsville, OH, 44136, USA

    Yung-Tse Hung PhD, PE, DEE

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Wang, L.K., Wu, Z., Shammas, N.K. (2009). Activated Sludge Processes. In: Wang, L.K., Pereira, N.C., Hung, YT. (eds) Biological Treatment Processes. Handbook of Environmental Engineering, vol 8. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-156-1_6

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