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Macro- and Microvascular Disease in an Insulin-Resistant Pre-Diabetic Animal Model

The JCR:LA-cp Rat

  • Chapter
The Metabolic Syndrome

Part of the book series: Contemporary Endocrinology ((COE))

Abstract

The metabolic syndrome is a particularly insidious disease state due to the asymptomatic character of its early stages. A typical clinical history involves a long period of increasing abdominal obesity without obvious underlying disease, followed by an apparently sudden development of frank type 2 diabetes. As the clinical diabetes becomes recognized and treated, medical follow-up reveals established cardiovascular disease (CVD). The associated significant damage to the vascular system develops steadily, beginning during the pre-diabetic period, a process that is only now becoming widely appreciated. Thus, a crucial feature of the metabolic syndrome is widespread endothelial and vascular dysfunction that develops during the pre-diabetic and early diabetic phases of type 2 diabetes. Similarly, the concomitant insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia appear to be major determinants of early stage vasculopathy, atherosclerosis, ischemic cardiovascular disease, and glomerular sclerosis, leading to end-stage renal complications (1,2). The metabolic syndrome thus encompasses the primary elements that contribute to the widespread burden of ischemic disease of the heart and brain and renal failure in prosperous societies worldwide. Recently, we have begun to appreciate that the metabolic syndrome and its pathophysiological complications are modulated by complex interactions between the environment (in the broadest sense) and the genome (3). However, prevention and even amelioration of this disease burden will require greater understanding of the underlying mechanisms.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Alberta Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

    James C. Russell PhD (Professor Emeritus)

  2. University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

    Spencer D. Proctor PhD (Assistant Professor of Nutrition)

Authors
  1. James C. Russell PhD
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  2. Spencer D. Proctor PhD
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Obesity, Diabetes, and Aging Research Center, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL

    Barbara Caleen Hansen PhD (Professor of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics Director) (Professor of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics Director)

  2. Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA

    George A. Bray MD (Boyd Professor) (Boyd Professor)

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© 2008 Humana Press, a part of Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

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Russell, J.C., Proctor, S.D. (2008). Macro- and Microvascular Disease in an Insulin-Resistant Pre-Diabetic Animal Model. In: Hansen, B.C., Bray, G.A. (eds) The Metabolic Syndrome. Contemporary Endocrinology. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-116-5_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-116-5_8

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-738-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-60327-116-5

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