Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Pulmonary Hypertension in Interstitial Lung Disease

  • Chapter
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Interstitial Lung Diseases

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Humbert M, Deng Z, Simmoneau G, et al. BMPR2 germline mutations in pulmonary hypertension associated with fenfluramine derivates. Eur Respir J 2002;20:518 –523.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Morse J, Barst R, Horn E, et al. Pulmonary hypertension in scleroderma spectrum of disease lack of bone morphogenetic protein receptor-2 mutations. J Rheumatol 2002;29:2379 –2381.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Tew MB, Arnett PC, Reveille JD, et al. Mutation of bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 are not found in patients with pulmonary hypertension and underlying connective tissue diseases. Arthritis Rheum 2002;46:2829–2830.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Trembart JRC, Thomson JR, Machado RD, et al. Clinical and molecular genetic features of pulmonary hypertension in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasis. N Engl J Med 2001;345:325–334.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Du I, Sullivan CC, Chu D, et al. Signaling molecules in non familial pulmonary hypertension. N Eng J Med 2003;92:984–991.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Farber HW, Loscalzo J. Pulmonary arterial hypertension. N Eng J Med 2004;351:1655–1665.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Nogee LM, Dunbar, III, AE, Wert SE, et al. A mutation in the surfactant protein C gene associated with familial interstitial lung disease. N Eng J Med 2001;344;573–579.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Amin RS, Wert SE, Baughman RP, et al. Surfactant protein deficiency in familial interstitial lung disease. J Pediatr 2001;139:85–92.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Khalil N, Parekh T V, O'Connor R, et al. Regulation of the effect of TGF-beta 1 by activation of latent of TGF-beta 1 and differential expression of TGF-beta receptors /T-beta R-1 and T beta R-2) in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Thorax 2001;56:907–915.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Sime PJ, Xing Z, Graham FL. Adenovector-mediated gene transfer of active transforming grown factor-beta 1 induces prolonged severe fibrosis in rat lung. J Clin Invest 1997;100:768–777.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Whyte M, Hubbard R, Meliconi R, et al. Increased risk of fibrosing alveolitis associated with interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and tumor necrosis factor-a gene polymorphisms. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;162:755–758.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Zorzetto M, Ferrarotti I, Trisolini R, et al. Complement receptor 1 gene polymorphisms are associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003;168:330–334.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Pantelidis P, Fanning GC, Wells AU, et al. Analysis of tumor necrosis factor-α, lymphotoxin-α, tumor necrosis factor receptor II, and interleukin-6 polymorphisms in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;163:1432–1436.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Xaubert A, Marin-Arguedas A, Lario S, et al. Transforming growth factor- ß1 gene polymorphisms are associated with disease progression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003;168:431–435.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Reeve HL, Archer SL, Weir EK. Ion channels in the pulmonary vasculature. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 1997;10:243–252.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Weir EK, Reeve HL, Talorova S, et al. Oxygen sensing in the pulmonary vasculature. In: Lopez-Barneo J, Weir EK, editors. Oxygen regulation of ion channels and gene expression. Armonk, NY: Futura Publishing Company, Inc.; 1998. p. 193–206.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Yuan JX, Aldinger AM, Juhaszova M, et al. Dysfunctional voltage- gated K+ channels in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells of patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Circulation 1998;14:1400–1406.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Marshall RB, Mamary CAJ, Verhoeven AJ, et al. Pulmonary artery NADPH-oxidase is activated in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1996;15:633–644.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Weissmann N, Tadic A, Winterhalder S, et al. Inhibition of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstric-tion by superoxide dismutase inhibitors in isolated rabbit lungs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999;159:A 569.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Robertson TP, Hague D, Aaronson PI, et al. Voltage-independent calcium entry in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction of intrapulmonary arteries of the rat. J Physiol 2000;525:669–680.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Yuan JX, Tod M, Rubin L, et al. Deoxyglucose and reduced glutathione mimic effects of H, hypoxia on K+ and Ca++ conductances in pulmonary artery cells. Am J Physiol 1994:267:L52–L63.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Yanagisawa M, Kurihara H, Kimura S, et al. A novel potent vasoconstrictor peptide produced by vascular endothelial cells. Nature 1988;332:411–415.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Giaid A, Yanagisawa M, Langleben SD, et al. Expression of endothelin-1 in the lungs of patients with pulmonary hypertension. N Eng J Med 1993;328:1732–1739.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Arai S, Hori S, Aramori I, et al. Cloning and expression of a cDNA encoding an endothelin receptor. Nature (Lond) 1990;348:730–732.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Sakurai T, Yanagisawa M, Takuwa Y, et al. Cloning of a cDNA encoding a non-isopeptide — selective subtype of the endothelin receptor. Nature (Lond) 1990;348:732–735.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Giaid A, Michel RP, Stewart DJ, et al. Expression of endothelin-1 in patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. Lancet 1993;341:1550–1554.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Ugucccioni M, Pulsatelli L, Grigolo B et al. Endothelin-1 in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Clin Pathol 1995;48:330–334.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Abraham DJ, Vancheenswaran R, Dashwood MR, et al. Increased levels of endothelin-1 and differential endothelin type A and B receptor expression in scleroderma-associated fibrotic lung disease. Am J Pathol 1997;151:831–841.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Park SH, Saleh D, Giaid A, et al. Increased endothelin-1 in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and the effect of an endothelin receptor antagonist. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997; 156:831–841.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Hocher B, Schwartz A, Fagan KA, et al. Pulmonary fibrosis and chronic lung inflammation in ET-1 transgenic mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2000;23:19–26.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Turner-Warwick M. Precapillary systemic-pulmonary anastomoses. Thorax 1963;18:225–237.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Peao MND, Aguas AP, DeSa CM, et al. Neoformation of blood vessels in association with a rat lung fibrosis induced by bleomycin. Anat Rec 1994;238:57–67.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Keane MP, Arenberg DA, Lynch JP 3rd, et al. The CXC chemokines, IL-8 and IP-10, regulate angiogenic activity in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Immunol 1997;159:1437–1453.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Keane MP, Belperio JA, Burdick M, et al. ENA-78 is an important angiogenic factor in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;164:2239–2242.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Hyde DM, Henderson TS, Giri SN, et al. Effect of murine gamma interferon on the cellular responses to bleomycin in mice. Exp Lung Res 1988;14:687–704.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Keane MP, Belperio JA, Arenberg DA, et al. IFN-gamma-inducible protein-10 attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis via inhibition of angiogenesis. J Immunol 1999; 163:5686–5692.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Rich S, editor. Primary pulmonary hypertension. Executive summary from the World Symposium: Primary Pulmonary Hypertension 1998. htpp://www.who.int/ncd/cvd/pph.html. Accessed 14 Aug 2008.

  38. Morell NW, Morris KG, Stenmark KR. Role of angiotensin-converting enzyme activity and expression is increased during hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Cardiovasc Res 1997;34: 393–403.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Davis P, Burke G, Reid I. The structure of the wall of the rat interacinar pulmonary artery: an electron microscopic study of microdissected preparations. Microvasc Res 1986;32:50–63.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Jones RC. Role of interstitial fibroblasts and intermediate cells in microvascular remodelling in pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir Rev 1993;3:569–575.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Tuder RM, Groves B, Badesch DB, et al. Exuberant endothelial cell growth and elements of inflammation are present in plexiform lesions of pulmonary hypertension. Am J Pathol 1994; 144: 275–285.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Yi ES, Kim H, Ahn H, et al. Distribution of obstructive intimal lesions and their cellular phe-notypes in chronic pulmonary hypertension. A morphometric and immunohistochemical study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;162:1577–1586.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Giaid A, Saleh D. Reduced expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the lungs of patients with pulmonary hypertension. N Eng J Med 1993;328:1732–1739.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Wang R, Ibarra-Sunga O, Verlinski L, et al. Abrogation of bleomycin- induced epithelial apoptosis and lung fibrosis by captopril or by a caspase inhibitor. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2000;279:L143–L151.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Kuwano K, Kunitake R, Maeyama T, et al. Attenuation of bleomycin-induced pneumopathy in mice by a caspase inhibitor. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2001;280:L316–L325.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Hagimoto N, Kuwano K, Inoshima M, et al. TGF-beta 1 as an enhancer of Fas-mediated apoptosis of lung epithelial cells. J Immunol 2002;168:6470–6478.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Wang R, Alam G, Zagariya A, et al. Apoptosis of lung epithelial cells in response to TNF-alpha requires angiotensin II generation de novo. J Cell Physiol 2000;185:253–259.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Keane MP, Arenberg DA, Lynch JP Lynch JP 3rd, et al. The CXC chemokines, IL-8 and IP-10, regulate angiogenic activity in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Immunol 1997;159: 1437–1443.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Renzoni EA, Walsh DA, Salmon M, et al. Interstitial vascularity in fibrosing alveolitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003;167:438–443.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Koyama S, Sato E, Haniuda H, et al. Decreased level of vascular endothelial grown factor. Am Respir J Crit Care Med 2002;166:382–385.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Weller PA. Eosinophils and fibroblasts: the medium in the mesenchyme. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1989:1:267–268.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Elias JA, Freundlich B, Kern JA, Rosenbloom J. Cytokine networks in the regulation of inflammation and fibrosis in the lung. Chest 1990;97:1439–1445.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Gurujeyalakshmi G, Giri SN. Molecular mechanisms of antifibrotic effect of interferon gamma in bleomycin-mouse model of lung fibrosis: down regulation of TGF- ß and procol-lagen I and III gene expression. Exp Lung Res 1995;21:791–808.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Prior C, Haslam PL. In vivo levels and in vitro production of interferon-gamma in fibrosing interstitial lung diseases. Clin Exp Immunol 1992;88:280–287.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Gaensler EA, Carrington CB. Open biopsy for chronic diffuse infiltrative lung disease: clinical, roentgenographic, and physiologic correlation in 502 patients. Ann Thorac Surg 1980; 30:411–426.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Padley SPG, Hansell DM, Flower CDR, et al. Comparative accuracy of high resolution computed tomography and chest radiography in the diagnosis of chronic diffuse infiltrative lung disease. Clin Radiol 1991;44:222–226.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Lee KS, Primack SL, Staples CA, et al. Chronic infiltrative lung disease: comparison of diagnostic accuracies of radiography and low- and conventional-dose thin-section CT Radiology 1994;191:669–673.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Kazerooni EF, Martinez F, Flint D, et al. Thin-section CT obtained at 10 mm increments versus three-level thin-section CT for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: correlation with pathologic scoring. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1997;169:977–983.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Webb RW, Muller NL, Naidich DP. Clinical utility of high-resolution computed tomography. In: Webb RW, Muller NL, Naidich DP editors. High-resolution CT of the lun.g Philadelphia PA: Lippincott William & Wilkins; 2001. p. 569–597.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Wells AU, Hansell DM, Rubens MB, et al. The predictive value of appearances of thin-section computed tomography in fibrosing alveolitis. Am Respir Dis 1993;148:1076–1082.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Zerhouni EA, Naidich DP, Stitik FP. et al. Computed tomography of the pulmonary parenchyma: part 2. Interstitial disease. J Thorac Imaging 1985;1:54–64.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Hunninghake GW, Zimmerman MB, Schwarz DA, et al. Utility of a lung biopsy for the diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;164:193–196.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. McDonald SL, Rubens MB, Hansell DM, et al. Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia and usual interstitial pneumonia: comparative appearances at and diagnostic accuracy of thin-section CT. Radiology 2001;221:600–605.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Daniil ZD, Giltchrist FC, Nicholson AG, et al. A histologic pattern of nonspecific interstitial pneumonia is associated with a better prognosis than usual interstitial pneumonia in patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999;160:899–905.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Flaherty KR, Twaite EL, Kazerooni EA, et al. Radiological versus histological diagnosis in UIP and NSIP: survival implications. Thorax 2003;58:143–148.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Gay SE, Kazerooni EA, Toews GB, et al. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: predicting response to therapy and survival. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998;157:1063–1072.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. King TE Jr, Schwarz MI, Brown K, et al. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: relationship between histopathologic features and mortality. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;164:1025–1032.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. King TE Jr, Tooze JA, Schwarz MI, et al. Predicting survival in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: scoring system and survival model. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;164:1171–1181.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Wells AU, Desai SR, Rubens MB, et al. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a composite physiologic index derived from disease extent observed by computed tomography. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003;167:962–969.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Mogulkoc N, Brutsche MH, Bishop PW, et al. Pulmonary function in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and referral for lung transplantation Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;164:103–108.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. American Thoracic Society. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: diagnosis and management. International Consensus Statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;161:646–664.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Awadh N, Muller NL, Park CS, et al. Airway wall thickness in patients with near fatal asthma and control groups: assessment with high resolution tomographic scanning. Thorax 1998; 53:248–253.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Meyer KC. Bronchoalveolar lavage as a diagnostic tool. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 28:546–560.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Leung AN, Brainer MW, Caillat-Vigneron N. Sarcoidoisis activity: correlation of HRCT findings with those of 67Ga scanning, bronchoalveolar lavage, and serum angiotensin- converting enzyme essay. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1998;22:229–234.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Sulavik SB, Spencer RP, Palestro CJ, et al. Specificity and sensitivity of distinctive chest radiographic and /or 67Ga images in the noninvasive diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Chest 1993;103:403–409.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Alavi A, Palevsky HI. Gallium-67 citrate scanning in the assessment of disease activity in sarcoidosis. J Nuc Med 1992;33:751–755.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Grijm K, Verberne, Krowels FH, et al. Semiquantitative 67Ga scintigraphy as an indicator of response to and prognosis after corticosteroid treatment in idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. J Nucl Med 2005;46:1421–1426.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Lebthai R, Crestani B, Belmatoug N, et al. Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy and gallium scintigraphy in patients with sarcoidosis. J Nucl Med 2001;42:21–26.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Carbone R, Filiberti R, Grosso M, et al. Octreoscan perspectives in sarcoidosis and idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. Eur Rev for Med and Pharmacol Sci 2003;7:97–105.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Turner-Warwick M, McAllister W, Lawrence R, et al. Corticosteroid treatement in pulmonary sarcoidosis: do serial lavage lymphocyte counts, serum angiotensin converting enzyme measurements and gallium-67 scan help management? Thorax 1986;41:903–913.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Clarke D, Mitchell AWM, Dick R, et al. The radiology of sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis 1994;11:90–99.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Kwekkeboom DJ, Krenning EP, Kho GS, et al. Somatostatin receptor imaging in patients with sarcoidosis. Eur J Nucl Med 1998;25:1284–1292.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Carbone RG, Musi M, Cantalupi DP, et al. Somatostain receptor versus gallium-67 scintig-raphy in interstitial lung diseases. Chest 1999;119:315S.

    Google Scholar 

  84. McGoon M, Gutterman D, Steen V, et al. Screening early detection, and diagnosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension. ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest 2004;126:14S–34S.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Mukerjee D, St George D, Knight C, et al. Echocardiography and pulmonary function as screening tests for pulmonary arterial hypertension in systemic sclerosis. Rheumatology 2004;43:461–466.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Burdt MA, Hoffman RW, Deutscher SL, et al. Long term outcome in mixed connective tissue disease: longitudinal clinical and serologic findings. Arthritis Rheum 1999;42:899–990.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Mc Quillan BM, Picard MP, Leavitt M, et al. Clinical correlates and reference intervals for pulmonary artery systolic pressure among echocardiographically normal subjects. Circulation 2001;104:2797.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Barst RJ, McGoon M, Torbicki A, et al. Diagnosis and differential assessment of pulmonary hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43:40S–47S.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Stephen B, Dalal P, Berger M, et al. Noninvasive estimation of pulmonary artery diastolic pressure in patients with tricuspid regurgitation by Doppler echocardiography. Chest 1999;116:73–77.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Baughman R, Lower EE, Engel P. Echocardiography to detect pulmonary hypertension in sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 2005;22:244–245.

    Google Scholar 

  91. Sulica R, Teirstein AS, Kakarda S, et al. Distinctive clinical, radiological, and functional characteristics of patients with sarcoidosis-related pulmonary hypertension. Chest 2005;128:1483–1489.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Arcasoy SM, Christie JD, Ferrari VA, et al. Echocardiography assessment of pulmonary hypertension in patients with advanced lung disease. Am Respir J Crit Care 2003;167:735–740.

    Google Scholar 

  93. Nadrous HF, Pellika PA, Krowka MJ, et al. Pulmonary hypertension in patients with idio-pathic pulmonary fibrosis. Chest 2005;128:2393–2399.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Bourbon A, Vionnet M, Leprince P, et al. The effect of methylprednisolone treatment on the cardiopulmonary bypass-induced systemic inflammatory response. Eur Cardiothorac Surg 2005;27:729–730.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Gothard J. Lung injury after thoracic surgery and one-lung ventilation. Curr Opin Anaes-thesiol 2006;19:5–10.

    Google Scholar 

  96. Ng CS, Wang S, Arifi AA, et al. Inflammatory response to pulmonary ischemia–reperfusion injury. Surg Today 2006;36:205–214.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Berg JT, Fu Z, Breen EC, et al. High lung inflation increases mRNA levels of ECM components and grown factors in lung parenchyma. J Appl Physiol 1997;83;120–128.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Berg JT, Breen EC, Fu Z, et al. Alveolar hypoxia increases gene expression of extra cellular matrix protein and platelet-derived growth factor-B in lung parenchyma. Am Respir Crit Care Med 1998;138:1920–1928.

    Google Scholar 

  99. Carbone R, Bossone E, Bottino G, et al. Secondary pulmonary hypertension- diagnosis and management. Eur Rev for Med Pharmacol Sci 2005;9:331–342.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Carbone R, Montanaro F, Bottino G. Outcome in interstitial lung disease. Eur Respir J 2005;26:268S.

    Google Scholar 

  101. Garbin U, Fratta Pasini A, Stranieri C, et al. Effects of nebivolol on endothelial gene expression during oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Mediators Inflamm. 2008; 2008:367590.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Lee SH, Channick RN, Endothelin antogonism in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2005 Aug;26(4):402–8. Review.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Ishaque A, Dunn MJ, Sorokin A, Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibits tumor necrosis factor alpha-mediated apoptosis in renal glomerular mesangial cells. J Biol Chem. 2003 Mar 21;278(12):10629–40.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital, Aosta, Italy

    Roberto G. Carbone & Giovanni Bottino

  2. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Assaf Monselise

Authors
  1. Roberto G. Carbone
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Assaf Monselise
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Giovanni Bottino
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH

    Robert P. Baughman

  2. Department of Internal Medicine, Regional Hospital, Aosta, Italy

    Roberto G. Carbone  & Giovanni Bottino  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2009 Humana Press, a part of Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Carbone, R.G., Monselise, A., Bottino, G. (2009). Pulmonary Hypertension in Interstitial Lung Disease. In: Baughman, R.P., Carbone, R.G., Bottino, G. (eds) Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Interstitial Lung Diseases. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-074-8_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-074-8_2

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-695-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-60327-074-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation