Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Hepatocellular Carcinoma

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Liver Transplantation

Part of the book series: Clinical Gastroenterology ((CG))

  • 1071 Accesses

Abstract

The preferred therapy for patients with end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). The increase in viral hepatitis over the last two decades has led to a dramatic increase in the incidence of HCC in the United States and other Western countries. In fact, the number of patients with HCC listed for transplantation will exceed the total number of available donors in the future. Preoperative staging of HCC is difficult and frequently understages the extent of disease. There is controversy in the selection of patients with extensive-stage HCC for liver transplantation. In addition, living donor liver transplantation offers expedited transplantation, but ethical issues over the application of this procedure in HCC patients have raised concerns. Prior to transplantation, the two most commonly applied therapies are transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA). In properly selected patients, the posttransplantation outcomes are favorable. Finally, the selection of the posttransplantation immunosuppressive protocol may help to reduce HCC recurrence.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. El-Serag HB, Mason AC. Rising incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States. N Engl J Med 1999; 340:745–50.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Wong JB, McQuillan GM, McHutchison JG, Poynard T. Estimating future hepatitis C morbidity, mortality, and costs in the United States. Am J Public Health 2000; 90:1562–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Everson GT. Increasing incidence and pretransplantation screening of hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Transpl 2000; 6:S2–S10.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Llovet JM, Schwartz M, Mazzaferro V. Resection and liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Semin Liver Dis 2005; 25:181–200.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Shimoda M, Ghobrial RM, Carmody IC, Anselmo DM, Farmer DG, Yersiz H, Chen P, et al. Predictors of survival after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma associated with hepatitis C. Liver Transpl 2004; 10:1478–86.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Regalia E, Fassati LR, Valente U, Pulvirenti A, Damilano I, Dardano G, Montalto F, et al. Pattern and management of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation. J Hepatobil Pancr Surg 1998; 5:29–34.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Roayaie S, Schwartz JD, Sung MW, Emre SH, Miller CM, Gondolesi GE, Krieger NR, et al. Recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplant: Patterns and prognosis. Liver Transpl 2004; 10:534–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Sharma P, Balan V, Hernandez JL, Harper AM, Edwards EB, Rodriguez-Luna H, Byrne T, et al. Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: The MELD impact. Liver Transpl 2004; 10:36–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Yao FY, Roberts JP. Applying expanded criteria to liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: Too much too soon, or is now the time? Liver Transpl 2004; 10:919–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Iwatsuki S, Starzl TE, Sheahan DG, Yokoyama I, Demetris AJ, Todo S, Tzakis AG, et al. Hepatic resection versus transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Surg 1991; 214:221–8; disc 228–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Mazzaferro V, Regalia E, Doci R, Andreola S, Pulvirenti A, Bozzetti F, Montalto F, et al. Liver transplantation for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinomas in patients with cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 1996; 334:693–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Broelsch CE, Frilling A, Malago M. Should we expand the criteria for liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma?—Yes, of course! J Hepatol 2005; 43:569–73.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Yoo HY, Patt CH, Geschwind JF, Thuluvath PJ. The outcome of liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States between 1988 and 2001: Five-year survival has improved significantly with time. J Clin Oncol 2003; 21:4329–35.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Pokorny H, Gnant M, Rasoul-Rockenschaub S, Gollackner B, Steiner B, Steger G, Steininger R, et al. Does additional doxorubicin chemotherapy improve outcome in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated by liver transplantation? Am J Transpl 2005; 5:788–94.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Marsh JW, Dvorchik I. Liver organ allocation for hepatocellular carcinoma: Are we sure? Liver Transpl 2003; 9:693–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Olthoff KM, Millis JM, Rosove MH, Goldstein LI, Ramming KP, Busuttil RW. Is liver transplantation justified for the treatment of hepatic malignancies? Arch Surg 1990; 125:1261–6; disc 1266–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Figueras J, Jaurrieta E, Valls C, Benasco C, Rafecas A, Xiol X, Fabregat J, et al. Survival after liver transplantation in cirrhotic patients with and without hepatocellular carcinoma: A comparative study. Hepatology 1997; 25:1485–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Llovet JM, Bruix J, Fuster J, Castells A, Garcia-Valdecasas JC, Grande L, Franca A, et al. Liver transplantation for small hepatocellular carcinoma: The tumor-node-metastasis classification does not have prognostic power. Hepatology 1998; 27:1572–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Herrero JI, Sangro B, Quiroga J, Pardo F, Herraiz M, Cienfuegos JA, Prieto J. Influence of tumor characteristics on the outcome of liver transplantation among patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Transpl 2001; 7:631–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Iwatsuki S, Dvorchik I, Marsh JW, Madariaga JR, Carr B, Fung JJ, Starzl TE. Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: A proposal of a prognostic scoring system. J Am Coll Surg 2000; 191:389–94.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Yao FY, Ferrell L, Bass NM, Watson JJ, Bacchetti P, Venook A, Ascher NL, et al. Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: Expansion of the tumor size limits does not adversely impact survival. Hepatology 2001; 33:1394–403.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Yao FY, Ferrell L, Bass NM, Bacchetti P, Ascher NL, Roberts JP. Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: Comparison of the proposed UCSF criteria with the Milan criteria and the Pittsburgh modified TNM criteria. Liver Transpl 2002; 8:765–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Hiatt JR, Carmody IC, Busuttil RW. Should we expand the criteria for hepatocellular carcinoma with living-donor liver transplantation?—No, never. J Hepatol 2005; 43:573–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Liu C, Frilling A, Sotiropoulos GC, Weber F, Nadalin S, Malago M, Broelsch CE. Living donor liver transplantation for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma. Transpl Int 2005; 18:889.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Wachs ME, Bak TE, Karrer FM, Everson GT, Shrestha R, Trouillot TE, Mandell MS, et al. Adult living donor liver transplantation using a right hepatic lobe. Transplantation 1998; 66:1313–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Trotter JF, Wachs M, Everson GT, Kam I. Adult-to-adult transplantation of the right hepatic lobe from a living donor. N Engl J Med 2002; 346:1074–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Olthoff KM, Merion RM, Ghobrial RM, Abecassis MM, Fair JH, Fisher RA, Freise CE, et al. Outcomes of 385 adult-to-adult living donor liver transplant recipients: A report from the A2ALL Consortium. Ann Surg 2005; 242:314–23.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Lo CM, Fan ST, Liu CL, Chan SC, Wong J. The role and limitation of living donor liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Transpl 2004; 10:440–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Todo S, Furukawa H. Living donor liver transplantation for adult patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: Experience in Japan. Ann Surg 2004; 240:451–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Hwang S, Lee SG, Joh JW, Suh KS, Kim DG. Liver transplantation for adult patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in Korea: Comparison between cadaveric donor and living donor liver transplantations. Liver Transpl 2005; 11:1265–72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Busuttil RW, Tanaka K. The utility of marginal donors in liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2003; 9:651–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Seu P, Imagawa DK, Olthoff KM, Yersiz H, Rosenthal TJ, Sellers CA, Ginther G, et al. A prospective study on the reliability and cost effectiveness of preoperative ultrasound screening of the “marginal” liver donor. Transplantation 1996; 62:129–30.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Alexander JW, Vaughn WK. The use of “marginal” donors for organ transplantation. The influence of donor age on outcome. Transplantation 1991; 51:135–41.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Mor E, Klintmalm GB, Gonwa TA, Solomon H, Holman MJ, Gibbs JF, Watemberg I, et al. The use of marginal donors for liver transplantation. A retrospective study of 365 liver donors. Transplantation 1992; 53:383–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. De Carlis L, Sansalone CV, Rondinara GF, Colella G, Slim AO, Rossetti O, Aseni P, et al. Is the use of marginal donors justified in liver transplantation? Analysis of results and proposal of modern criteria. Transpl Int 1996; 9(Suppl 1):S414–S417.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Rocha MB, Boin IF, Escanhoela CA, Leonardi LS. Can the use of marginal liver donors change recipient survival rate? Transpl Proc 2004; 36:914–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Montalti R, Nardo B, Bertelli R, Beltempo P, Puviani L, Vivarelli M, Cavallari A. Donor pool expansion in liver transplantation. Transpl Proc 2004; 36:520–2.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Tisone G, Manzia TM, Zazza S, De Liguori Carino N, Ciceroni C, De Luca I, Toti L, et al. Marginal donors in liver transplantation. Transpl Proc 2004; 36:525–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Nardo B, Masetti M, Urbani L, Caraceni P, Montalti R, Filipponi F, Mosca F, et al. Liver transplantation from donors aged 80 years and over: Pushing the limit. Am J Transpl 2004; 4:1139–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Sotiropoulos GC, Malago M, Molmenti E, Paul A, Nadalin S, Brokalaki E, Kuhl H, et al. Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: Is clinical tumor classification before transplantation realistic? Transplantation 2005; 79:483–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Vogl TJ, Hanninen EL, Bechstein WO, Neuhaus P, Schumacher G, Felix R. Biphasic spiral computed tomography versus digital subtraction angiography for evaluation of arterial thrombosis after orthotopic liver transplantation. Invest Radiol 1998; 33:136–40.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Libbrecht L, Bielen D, Verslype C, Vanbeckevoort D, Pirenne J, Nevens F, Desmet V, et al. Focal lesions in cirrhotic explant livers: Pathological evaluation and accuracy of pretransplantation imaging examinations. Liver Transpl 2002; 8:749–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Krinsky GA, Lee VS, Theise ND, Weinreb JC, Morgan GR, Diflo T, John D, et al. Transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis: Sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging. Liver Transpl 2002; 8:1156–64.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Kaihara S, Kiuchi T, Ueda M, Oike F, Fujimoto Y, Ogawa K, Kozaki K, et al. Living-donor liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Transplantation 2003; 75:S37–S40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Yao FY, Bass NM, Nikolai B, Merriman R, Davern TJ, Kerlan R, Ascher NL, et al. A follow-up analysis of the pattern and predictors of dropout from the waiting list for liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: Implications for the current organ allocation policy. Liver Transpl 2003; 9:684–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Graziadei IW, Sandmueller H, Waldenberger P, Koenigsrainer A, Nachbaur K, Jaschke W, Margreiter R, et al. Chemoembolization followed by liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma impedes tumor progression while on the waiting list and leads to excellent outcome. Liver Transpl 2003; 9:557–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Llovet JM, Mas X, Aponte JJ, Fuster J, Navasa M, Christensen E, Rodes J, et al. Cost effectiveness of adjuvant therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma during the waiting list for liver transplantation. Gut 2002; 50:123–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Oldhafer KJ, Chavan A, Fruhauf NR, Flemming P, Schlitt HJ, Kubicka S, Nashan B, et al. Arterial chemoembolization before liver transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: Marked tumor necrosis, but no survival benefit? J Hepatol 1998; 29:953–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Decaens T, Roudot-Thoraval F, Bresson-Hadni S, Meyer C, Gugenheim J, Durand F, Bernard PH, et al. Impact of pretransplantation transarterial chemoembolization on survival and recurrence after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Transpl 2005; 11:767–75.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Yao FY, Kinkhabwala M, LaBerge JM, Bass NM, Brown R, Jr., Kerlan R, Venook A, et al. The impact of pre-operative loco-regional therapy on outcome after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Transpl 2005; 5:795–804.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Lu DS, Yu NC, Raman SS, Lassman C, Tong MJ, Britten C, Durazo F, et al. Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma as a bridge to liver transplantation. Hepatology 2005; 41:1130–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Palmer DH, Johnson PJ. Pre-operative locoregional therapy and liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: Time for a randomized controlled trial. Am J Transpl 2005; 5:641–2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Marsh JW, Dvorchik I, Subotin M, Balan V, Rakela J, Popechitelev EP, Subbotin V, et al. The prediction of risk of recurrence and time to recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after orthotopic liver transplantation: A pilot study. Hepatology 1997; 26:444–50.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Hemming AW, Cattral MS, Reed AI, Van Der Werf WJ, Greig PD, Howard RJ. Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Surg 2001; 233:652–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Shetty K, Timmins K, Brensinger C, Furth EE, Rattan S, Sun W, Rosen M, et al. Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: Validation of present selection criteria in predicting outcome. Liver Transpl 2004; 10:911–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Lohe F, Angele MK, Gerbes AL, Lohrs U, Jauch KW, Schauer RJ. Tumour size is an important predictor for the outcome after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Surg Oncol 2005; 31:994–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Jonas S, Bechstein WO, Steinmuller T, Herrmann M, Radke C, Berg T, Settmacher U, et al. Vascular invasion and histopathologic grading determine outcome after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis. Hepatology 2001; 33:1080–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Schlitt HJ, Neipp M, Weimann A, Oldhafer KJ, Schmoll E, Boeker K, Nashan B, et al. Recurrence patterns of hepatocellular and fibrolamellar carcinoma after liver transplantation. J Clin Oncol 1999; 17:324–31.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Leung JY, Zhu AX, Gordon FD, Pratt DS, Mithoefer A, Garrigan K, Terella A, et al. Liver transplantation outcomes for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma: Results of a multicenter study. Liver Transpl 2004; 10:1343–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Margarit C, Charco R, Hidalgo E, Allende H, Castells L, Bilbao I. Liver transplantation for malignant diseases: Selection and pattern of recurrence. World J Surg 2002; 26:257–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Pawlik TM, Delman KA, Vauthey JN, Nagorney DM, Ng IO, Ikai I, Yamaoka Y, et al. Tumor size predicts vascular invasion and histologic grade: Implications for selection of surgical treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Transpl 2005; 11:1086–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Hojo M, Morimoto T, Maluccio M, Asano T, Morimoto K, Lagman M, Shimbo T, et al. Cyclosporine induces cancer progression by a cell-autonomous mechanism. Nature 1999; 397:530–4.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Freise CE, Ferrell L, Liu T, Ascher NL, Roberts JP. Effect of systemic cyclosporine on tumor recurrence after liver transplantation in a model of hepatocellular carcinoma. Transplantation 1999; 67:510–3.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Vivarelli M, Cucchetti A, Piscaglia F, La Barba G, Bolondi L, Cavallari A, Pinna AD. Analysis of risk factors for tumor recurrence after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: Key role of immunosuppression. Liver Transpl 2005; 11:497–503.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Vivarelli M, Bellusci R, Cucchetti A, Cavrini G, De Ruvo N, Aden AA, La Barba G, et al. Low recurrence rate of hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation: Better patient selection or lower immunosuppression? Transplantation 2002; 74:1746–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Wiederrecht GJ, Sabers CJ, Brunn GJ, Martin MM, Dumont FJ, Abraham RT. Mechanism of action of rapamycin: New insights into the regulation of G1-phase progression in eukaryotic cells. Prog Cell Cycle Res 1995; 1:53–71.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Guba M, von Breitenbuch P, Steinbauer M, Koehl G, Flegel S, Hornung M, Bruns CJ, et al. Rapamycin inhibits primary and metastatic tumor growth by antiangiogenesis: Involvement of vascular endothelial growth factor. Nat Med 2002; 8:128–35.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Schumacher G, Oidtmann M, Rosewicz S, Langrehr J, Jonas S, Mueller AR, Rueggeberg A, et al. Sirolimus inhibits growth of human hepatoma cells in contrast to tacrolimus, which promotes cell growth. Transpl Proc 2002; 34:1392–3.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Schumacher G, Oidtmann M, Rueggeberg A, Jacob D, Jonas S, Langrehr JM, Neuhaus R, et al. Sirolimus inhibits growth of human hepatoma cells alone or combined with tacrolimus, while tacrolimus promotes cell growth. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11:1420–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Guba M, Koehl GE, Neppl E, Doenecke A, Steinbauer M, Schlitt HJ, Jauch KW, et al. Dosing of rapamycin is critical to achieve an optimal antiangiogenic effect against cancer. Transpl Int 2005; 18:89–94.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Kneteman NM, Oberholzer J, Al Saghier M, Meeberg GA, Blitz M, Ma MM, Wong WW, et al. Sirolimus-based immunosuppression for liver transplantation in the presence of extended criteria for hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Transpl 2004; 10:1301–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Schwartz M, Konstadoulakis M, Roayaie S. Recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation: Is immunosuppression a factor? Liver Transpl 2005; 11:494–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Llovet JM, Bruix J, Gores GJ. Surgical resection versus transplantation for early hepatocellular carcinoma: Clues for the best strategy. Hepatology 2000; 31:1019–21.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Michel J, Suc B, Montpeyroux F, Hachemanne S, Blanc P, Domergue J, Mouiel J, et al. Liver resection or transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma? Retrospective analysis of 215 patients with cirrhosis. J Hepatol 1997; 26:1274–80.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Figueras J, Jaurrieta E, Valls C, Ramos E, Serrano T, Rafecas A, Fabregat J, et al. Resection or transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients: Outcomes based on indicated treatment strategy. J Am Coll Surg 2000; 190:580–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Sarasin FP, Giostra E, Mentha G, Hadengue A. Partial hepatectomy or orthotopic liver transplantation for the treatment of resectable hepatocellular carcinoma? A cost-effectiveness perspective. Hepatology 1998; 28:436–42.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Otto G, Heuschen U, Hofmann WJ, Krumm G, Hinz U, Herfarth C. Survival and recurrence after liver transplantation versus liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma: A retrospective analysis. Ann Surg 1998; 227:424–32.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Pichlmayr R, Weimann A, Oldhafer KJ, Schlitt HJ, Tusch G, Raab R. Appraisal of transplantation for malignant tumours of the liver with special reference to early stage hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Surg Oncol 1998; 24:60–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Yamamoto J, Iwatsuki S, Kosuge T, Dvorchik I, Shimada K, Marsh JW, Yamasaki S, et al. Should hepatomas be treated with hepatic resection or transplantation? Cancer 1999; 86:1151–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Poon RT, Fan ST, Lo CM, Liu CL, Wong J. Long-term survival and pattern of recurrence after resection of small hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with preserved liver function: Implications for a strategy of salvage transplantation. Ann Surg 2002; 235:373–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Bismuth H, Majno PE, Adam R. Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Semin Liver Dis 1999; 19:311–22.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Belghiti J, Cortes A, Abdalla EK, Regimbeau JM, Prakash K, Durand F, Sommacale D, et al. Resection prior to liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Surg 2003; 238:885–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Margarit C, Escartin A, Castells L, Vargas V, Allende E, Bilbao I. Resection for hepatocellular carcinoma is a good option in Child–Turcotte–Pugh class A patients with cirrhosis who are eligible for liver transplantation. Liver Transpl 2005; 11:1242–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Adam R, Azoulay D, Castaing D, Eshkenazy R, Pascal G, Hashizume K, Samuel D, et al. Liver resection as a bridge to transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma on cirrhosis: A reasonable strategy? Ann Surg 2003; 238:508–18.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Transplant Surgery, Assistant Professor of Surgery, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO

    Michael A. Zimmerman (MD)

  2. Assistant Professor of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD

    Andrew M. Cameron (MD, PhD)

  3. Professor of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, The Pfleger Liver Institute, The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, The David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA

    R. Mark Ghobrial (MD, PhD)

Authors
  1. Michael A. Zimmerman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Andrew M. Cameron
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. R. Mark Ghobrial
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

    Rights and permissions

    Reprints and permissions

    Copyright information

    © 2009 Humana Press, a part of Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

    About this chapter

    Cite this chapter

    Zimmerman, M.A., Cameron, A.M., Ghobrial, R.M. (2009). Hepatocellular Carcinoma. In: Trotter, J., Everson, G. (eds) Liver Transplantation. Clinical Gastroenterology. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-028-1_6

    Download citation

    • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-028-1_6

    • Published:

    • Publisher Name: Humana Press

    • Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-793-8

    • Online ISBN: 978-1-60327-028-1

    • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

    Publish with us

    Policies and ethics

    Search

    Navigation