Abstract
With the completion of the human genome project, a multitude of techniques have been invented to evaluate large portions of the human genome simultaneously. Investigations are typically focused on the genome, transcriptome or proteome to identify unique characteristics that may explain the origin of human disease and potentially predict future outcomes. The goal of these investigative pursuits is to eventually individualize treatment for each patient based on their unique gene expression patterns.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Adams M.D., Kelley J.M., Gocayne J.D., Dubnick M., Polymeropoulos M.H., Xiao H., Merril C.R., Wu A., Olde B., Moreno R.F., et al. 1991. Complementary DNA sequencing: expressed sequence tags and human genome project. Science 252: 1651–1656
Agrawal D., Chen T., Irby R., Quackenbush J., Chambers A.F., Szabo M., Cantor A., Coppola D. and Yeatman T.J. 2003. Osteopontin identified as colon cancer tumor progression marker. CR Biol 326: 1041–1043
Akervall J., Guo X., Qian C.N., Schoumans J., Leeser B., Kort E., Cole A., Resau J., Bradford C., Carey T., Wennerberg J., Anderson H., Tennvall J. and Teh B.T. 2004. Genetic and expression profiles of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck correlate with cisplatin sensitivity and resistance in cell lines and patients. Clin Cancer Res 10: 8204–8213
Al Moustafa A.E., Alaoui-Jamali M.A., Batist G., Hernandez-Perez M., Serruya C., Alpert L., Black M.J., Sladek R. and Foulkes W.D. 2002. Identification of genes associated with head and neck carcinogenesis by cDNA microarray comparison between matched primary normal epithelial and squamous carcinoma cells. Oncogene 21: 2634–2640
Alaiya A., Al-Mohanna M. and Linder S. 2005. Clinical cancer proteomics: promises and pitfalls. J Proteome Res 4: 1213–1222
Alevizos I., Mahadevappa M., Zhang X., Ohyama H., Kohno Y., Posner M., Gallagher G.T., Varvares M., Cohen D., Kim D., Kent R., Donoff R.B., Todd R., Yung C.M., Warrington J.A. and Wong D.T. 2001. Oral cancer in vivo gene expression profiling assisted by laser capture microdissection and microarray analysis. Oncogene 20: 6196–6204
Alexander H., Stegner A.L., Wagner-Mann C., Du Bois G.C., Alexander S. and Sauter E.R. 2004. Proteomic analysis to identify breast cancer biomarkers in nipple aspirate fluid. Clin Cancer Res 10: 7500–7510
Altshuler D., Brooks L.D., Chakravarti A., Collins F.S., Daly M.J. and Donnelly P. 2005. A haplotype map of the human genome. Nature 437: 1299–1320
Anderson L. 2005. Candidate-based proteomics in the search for biomarkers of cardiovascular disease. J Physiol 563: 23–60
Armstrong N.J. and van de Wiel M.A. 2004. Microarray data analysis: from hypotheses to conclusions using gene expression data. Cell Oncol 26: 279–290
Asmann Y.W., Kosari F., Wang K., Cheville J.C. and Vasmatzis G. 2002. Identification of differentially expressed genes in normal and malignant prostate by electronic profiling of expressed sequence tags. Cancer Res 62: 3308–3314
Avery O.T., MacLeod C.M. and McCarty M. 1944. Studies on the chemical nature of the substance inducing transformation of Pneumococcal types. J Exp Med 79: 137–158
Bammler T., Beyer R.P., Bhattacharya S., Boorman G.A., Boyles A., Bradford B.U., Bumgarner R.E., Bushel P.R., Chaturvedi K., Choi D., Cunningham M.L., Deng S., Dressman H.K., Fannin R.D., Farin F.M., Freedman J.H., Fry R.C., Harper A., Humble M.C., Hurban P., Kavanagh T.J., Kaufmann W.K., Kerr K.F., Jing L., Lapidus J.A., Lasarev M.R., Li J., Li Y.J., Lobenhofer E.K., Lu X., Malek R.L., Milton S., Nagalla S.R., O'Malley J P., Palmer V.S., Pattee P., Paules R.S., Perou C.M., Phillips K., Qin L.X., Qiu Y., Quigley S.D., Rodland M., Rusyn I., Samson L.D., Schwartz D.A., Shi Y., Shin J.L., Sieber S.O., Slifer S., Speer M.C., Spencer P.S., Sproles D.I., Swenberg J.A., Suk W.A., Sullivan R.C., Tian R., Tennant R.W., Todd S.A., Tucker C.J., Van Houten B., Weis B.K., Xuan S. and Zarbl H. 2005. Standardizing global gene expression analysis between laboratories and across platforms. Nat Methods 2: 351–356
Baris O., Mirebeau-Prunier D., Savagner F., Rodien P., Ballester B., Loriod B., Granjeaud S., Guyetant S., Franc B., Houlgatte R., Reynier P. and Malthiery Y. 2005. Gene profiling reveals specific oncogenic mechanisms and signaling pathways in oncocytic and papillary thyroid carcinoma. Oncogene 24: 4155–4161
Battifora H. 1986. The multitumor (sausage) tissue block: novel method for immunohistochemical antibody testing. Lab Invest 55: 244–248
Bayani J.M. and Squire J.A. 2002. Applications of SKY in cancer cytogenetics. Cancer Invest 20: 373–386
Beheshti B., Braude I., Marrano P., Thorner P., Zielenska M. and Squire J.A. 2003. Chromosomal localization of DNA amplifications in neuroblastoma tumors using cDNA microarray comparative genomic hybridization. Neoplasia 5: 53–62
Bertucci F., Bernard K., Loriod B., Chang Y.C., Granjeaud S., Birnbaum D., Nguyen C., Peck K. and Jordan B.R. 1999. Sensitivity issues in DNA array-based expression measurements and performance of nylon microarrays for small samples. Hum Mol Genet 8: 1715–1722
Bhattacharjee A., Richards W.G., Staunton J., Li C., Monti S., Vasa P., Ladd C., Beheshti J., Bueno R., Gillette M., Loda M., Weber G., Mark E.J., Lander E.S., Wong W., Johnson B.E., Golub T.R., Sugarbaker D.J. and Meyerson M. 2001. Classification of human lung carcinomas by mRNA expression profiling reveals distinct adenocarcinoma subclasses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98: 13790–13795
Bhattacharyya S., Siegel E.R., Petersen G.M., Chari S.T., Suva L.J. and Haun R.S. 2004. Diagnosis of pancreatic cancer using serum proteomic profiling. Neoplasia 6: 674–686
Bittner M., Meltzer P., Chen Y., Jiang Y., Seftor E., Hendrix M., Radmacher M., Simon R., Yakhini Z., Ben-Dor A., Sampas N., Dougherty E., Wang E., Marincola F., Gooden C., Lueders J., Glatfelter A., Pollock P., Carpten J., Gillanders E., Leja D., Dietrich K., Beaudry C., Berens M., Alberts D. and Sondak V. 2000. Molecular classification of cutaneous malignant melanoma by gene expression profiling. Nature 406: 536–540
Bloom G., Yang I.V., Boulware D., Kwong K.Y., Coppola D., Eschrich S., Quackenbush J. and Yeatman T.J. 2004. Multi-platform, multi-site, microarray-based human tumor classification. Am J Pathol 164: 9–16
Bomgaars L. and McLeod H.L. 2005. Pharmacogenetics and pediatric cancer. Cancer J 11: 314–323
Bonome T., Lee J.Y., Park D.C., Radonovich M., Pise-Masison C., Brady J., Gardner G.J., Hao K., Wong W.H., Barrett J.C., Lu K.H., Sood A.K., Gershenson D.M., Mok S.C. and Birrer M.J. 2005. Expression profiling of serous low malignant potential, low-grade, and high-grade tumors of the ovary. Cancer Res 65: 10602–10612
Borczuk A.C., Shah L., Pearson G.D., Walter K.L., Wang L., Austin J.H., Friedman R.A. and Powell C.A. 2004. Molecular signatures in biopsy specimens of lung cancer. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 170: 167–174
Botstein D. and Risch N. 2003. Discovering genotypes underlying human phenotypes: past successes for mendelian disease, future approaches for complex disease. Nat Genet 33(Suppl): 228–237
Bracco L. and Kearsey J. 2003. The relevance of alternative RNA splicing to pharmacogenomics. Trends Biotechnol 21: 346–353
Brenner S., Johnson M., Bridgham J., Golda G., Lloyd D.H., Johnson D., Luo S., McCurdy S., Foy M., Ewan M., Roth R., George D., Eletr S., Albrecht G., Vermaas E., Williams S.R., Moon K., Burcham T., Pallas M., DuBridge R.B., Kirchner J., Fearon K., Mao J. and Corcoran K. 2000. Gene expression analysis by massively parallel signature sequencing (MPSS) on microbead arrays. Nat Biotechnol 18: 630–634
Brett D., Hanke J., Lehmann G., Haase S., Delbruck S., Krueger S., Reich J. and Bork P. 2000. EST comparison indicates 38% of human mRNAs contain possible alternative splice forms. FEBS Lett 474: 83–86
Bucca G., Carruba G., Saetta A., Muti P., Castagnetta L. and Smith C.P. 2004. Gene expression profiling of human cancers. Ann NY Acad Sci 1028: 28–37
Bull J.H., Ellison G., Patel A., Muir G., Walker M., Underwood M., Khan F. and Paskins L. 2001. Identification of potential diagnostic markers of prostate cancer and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia using cDNA microarray. Br J Cancer 84: 1512–1519
Camargo A.A., Samaia H.P., Dias-Neto E., Simao D.F., Migotto I.A., Briones M.R., Costa F.F., Nagai M.A., Verjovski-Almeida S., Zago M.A., Andrade L.E., Carrer H., El-Dorry H.F., Espreafico E.M., Habr-Gama A., Giannella-Neto D., Goldman G.H., Gruber A., Hackel C., Kimura E.T., Maciel R.M., Marie S.K., Martins E.A., Nobrega M.P., Paco-Larson M.L., Pardini M.I., Pereira G.G., Pesquero J.B., Rodrigues V., Rogatto S.R., da Silva I.D., Sogayar M.C., Sonati M.F., Tajara E.H., Valentini S.R., Alberto F.L., Amaral M.E., Aneas I., Arnaldi L.A., de Assis A.M., Bengtson M.H., Bergamo N.A., Bombonato V., de Camargo M.E., Canevari R.A., Carraro D.M., Cerutti J.M., Correa M.L., Correa R.F., Costa M.C., Curcio C., Hokama P.O., Ferreira A.J., Furuzawa G.K., Gushiken T., Ho P.L., Kimura E., Krieger J.E., Leite L.C., Majumder P., Marins M., Marques E.R., Melo A.S., Melo M.B., Mestriner C.A., Miracca E.C., Miranda D.C., Nascimento A.L., Nobrega F.G., Ojopi E.P., Pandolfi J.R., Pessoa L.G., Prevedel A.C., Rahal P., Rainho C.A., Reis E.M., Ribeiro M.L., da Ros N., de Sa R.G., Sales M.M., Sant'anna S.C., dos Santos M.L., da Silva A.M., da Silva N.P., Silva W.A., Jr., da Silveira R.A., Sousa J.F., Stecconi D., Tsukumo F., Valente V., Soares F., Moreira E.S., Nunes D.N., Correa R.G., Zalcberg H., Carvalho A.F., Reis L.F., Brentani R.R., Simpson A.J. and de Souza S.J. 2001. The contribution of 700,000 ORF sequence tags to the definition of the human transcriptome. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98: 12103–12108
Camp R.L., Charette L.A. and Rimm D.L. 2000. Validation of tissue microarray technology in breast carcinoma. Lab Invest 80: 1943–1949
Cao Q.J., Belbin T., Socci N., Balan R., Prystowsky M.B., Childs G. and Jones J.G. 2004. Distinctive gene expression profiles by cDNA microarrays in endometrioid and serous carcinomas of the endometrium. Int J Gynecol Pathol 23: 321–329
Capella G., Cronauer-Mitra S., Pienado M.A. and Perucho M. 1991. Frequency and spectrum of mutations at codons 12 and 13 of the c-K-ras gene in human tumors. Environ Health Perspect 93: 125–131
Caprioli R.M. 2005. Deciphering protein molecular signatures in cancer tissues to aid in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. Cancer Res 65: 10642–10645
Carlson E.A. 1966. The Gene: A Critical History. Saunders, Philadelphia, xi, 301 p
Carter S.L., Eklund A.C., Mecham B.H., Kohane I.S. and Szallasi Z. 2005. Redefinition of Affymetrix probe sets by sequence overlap with cDNA microarray probes reduces cross-platform inconsistencies in cancer-associated gene expression measurements. BMC Bioinformatics 6: 107
Carulli J.P., Artinger M., Swain P.M., Root C.D., Chee L., Tulig C., Guerin J., Osborne M., Stein G., Lian J. and Lomedico P.T. 1998. High throughput analysis of differential gene expression. J Cell Biochem Suppl 30–31: 286–296
Casey G., Lindor N.M., Papadopoulos N., Thibodeau S.N., Moskow J., Steelman S., Buzin C.H., Sommer S.S., Collins C.E., Butz M., Aronson M., Gallinger S., Barker M.A., Young J.P., Jass J.R., Hopper J.L., Diep A., Bapat B., Salem M., Seminara D. and Haile R. 2005. Conversion analysis for mutation detection in MLH1 and MSH2 in patients with colorectal cancer. JAMA 293: 799–809
Castle J., Garrett-Engele P., Armour C.D., Duenwald S.J., Loerch P.M., Meyer M.R., Schadt E.E., Stoughton R., Parrish M.L., Shoemaker D.D. and Johnson J.M. 2003. Optimization of oligonucleotide arrays and RNA amplification protocols for analysis of transcript structure and alternative splicing. Genome Biol 4: R66
Cawley S., Bekiranov S., Ng H.H., Kapranov P., Sekinger E.A., Kampa D., Piccolboni A., Sementchenko V., Cheng J., Williams A.J., Wheeler R., Wong B., Drenkow J., Yamanaka M., Patel S., Brubaker S., Tammana H., Helt G., Struhl K. and Gingeras T.R. 2004. Unbiased mapping of transcription factor binding sites along human chromosomes 21 and 22 points to widespread regulation of noncoding RNAs. Cell 116: 499–509
Chang B.D., Swift M.E., Shen M., Fang J., Broude E.V. and Roninson I.B. 2002. Molecular determinants of terminal growth arrest induced in tumor cells by a chemotherapeutic agent. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99: 389–394
Chaurand P., Sanders M.E., Jensen R.A. and Caprioli R.M. 2004. Proteomics in diagnostic pathology: profiling and imaging proteins directly in tissue sections. Am J Pathol 165: 1057–1068
Chen J.J., Wu R., Yang P.C., Huang J.Y., Sher Y.P., Han M.H., Kao W.C., Lee P.J., Chiu T.F., Chang F., Chu Y.W., Wu C.W. and Peck K. 1998. Profiling expression patterns and isolating differentially expressed genes by cDNA microarray system with colorimetry detection. Genomics 51: 313–324
Chen R., Yi E.C., Donohoe S., Pan S., Eng J., Cooke K., Crispin D.A., Lane Z., Goodlett D.R., Bronner M.P., Aebersold R. and Brentnall T.A. 2005a. Pancreatic cancer proteome: the proteins that underlie invasion, metastasis, and immunologic escape. Gastroenterology 129: 1187–1197
Chen Y.T., Scanlan M.J., Venditti C.A., Chua R., Theiler G., Stevenson B.J., Iseli C., Gure A.O., Vasicek T., Strausberg R.L., Jongeneel C.V., Old L.J. and Simpson A.J. 2005b. Identification of cancer/testis-antigen genes by massively parallel signature sequencing. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102: 7940–7945
Cheok M.H., Yang W., Pui C.H., Downing J.R., Cheng C., Naeve C.W., Relling M.V. and Evans W.E. 2003. Treatment-specific changes in gene expression discriminate in vivo drug response in human leukemia cells. Nat Genet 34: 85–90
Claus E.B. 1995. The genetic epidemiology of cancer. Cancer Surv 25: 13–26
Danna E.A. and Nolan G.P. 2006. Transcending the biomarker mindset: deciphering disease mechanisms at the single cell level. Curr Opin Chem Biol 10: 20–27
Das M., Burge C.B., Park E., Colinas J. and Pelletier J. 2001. Assessment of the total number of human transcription units. Genomics 77: 71–78
Dave S.S., Wright G., Tan B., Rosenwald A., Gascoyne R.D., Chan W.C., Fisher R.I., Braziel R.M., Rimsza L.M., Grogan T.M., Miller T.P., LeBlanc M., Greiner T.C., Weisenburger D.D., Lynch J.C., Vose J., Armitage J.O., Smeland E.B., Kvaloy S., Holte H., Delabie J., Connors J.M., Lansdorp P.M., Ouyang Q., Lister T.A., Davies A.J., Norton A.J., Muller-Hermelink H.K., Ott G., Campo E., Montserrat E., Wilson W.H., Jaffe E.S., Simon R., Yang L., Powell J., Zhao H., Goldschmidt N., Chiorazzi M. and Staudt L.M. 2004. Prediction of survival in follicular lymphoma based on molecular features of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. N Engl J Med 351: 2159–2169
Den Otter W., Koten J.W., Van der Vegt B.J., Beemer F.A., Boxma O.J., Derkinderen D.J., De Graaf P.W., Huber J., Lips C.J., Roholl P.J., et al. 1990. Oncogenesis by mutations in anti-oncogenes: a view. Anticancer Res 10: 475–487
Dephoure N., Howson R.W., Blethrow J.D., Shokat K.M. and O’Shea E.K. 2005. Combining chemical genetics and proteomics to identify protein kinase substrates. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102: 17940–17945
Dobbin K.K., Beer D.G., Meyerson M., Yeatman T.J., Gerald W.L., Jacobson J.W., Conley B., Buetow K.H., Heiskanen M., Simon R.M., Minna J.D., Girard L., Misek D.E., Taylor J.M., Hanash S., Naoki K., Hayes D.N., Ladd-Acosta C., Enkemann S.A., Viale A. and Giordano T.J. 2005. Interlaboratory comparability study of cancer gene expression analysis using oligonucleotide microarrays. Clin Cancer Res 11: 565–572
Dobrindt U. 2005. (Patho-)Genomics of Escherichia coli. Int J Med Microbiol 295: 357–371
Dobrindt U., Agerer F., Michaelis K., Janka A., Buchrieser C., Samuelson M., Svanborg C., Gottschalk G., Karch H. and Hacker J. 2003. Analysis of genome plasticity in pathogenic and commensal Escherichia coli isolates by use of DNA arrays. J Bacteriol 185: 1831–1840
Dressman H.K., Hans C., Bild A., Olson J.A., Rosen E., Marcom P.K., Liotcheva V.B., Jones E.L., Vujaskovic Z., Marks J., Dewhirst M.W., West M., Nevins J.R. and Blackwell K. 2006. Gene expression profiles of multiple breast cancer phenotypes and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 12: 819–826
Dumur C.I., Dechsukhum C., Ware J.L., Cofield S.S., Best A.M., Wilkinson D.S., Garrett C.T. and Ferreira-Gonzalez A. 2003. Genome-wide detection of LOH in prostate cancer using human SNP microarray technology. Genomics 81: 260–269
Durkin A.J., Bloomston M., Yeatman T.J., Gilbert-Barness E., Cojita D., Rosemurgy A.S. and Zervos E.E. 2004. Differential expression of the Tie-2 receptor and its ligands in human pancreatic tumors. J Am Coll Surg 199: 724–731
Elek J., Park K.H. and Narayanan R. 2000. Microarray-based expression profiling in prostate tumors. In Vivo 14: 173–182
Eschrich S., Yang I., Bloom G., Kwong K.Y., Boulware D., Cantor A., Coppola D., Kruhoffer M., Aaltonen L., Orntoft T.F., Quackenbush J. and Yeatman T.J. 2005. Molecular staging for survival prediction of colorectal cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 23: 3526–3535
Ewing B. and Green P. 2000. Analysis of expressed sequence tags indicates 35,000 human genes. Nat Genet 25: 232–234
Frank T.S., Deffenbaugh A.M., Hulick M. and Gumpper K. 1999. Hereditary susceptibility to breast cancer: significance of age of onset in family history and contribution of BRCA1 and BRCA2. Dis Markers 15: 89–92
Frederiksen C.M., Knudsen S., Laurberg S. and Orntoft T.F. 2003. Classification of Dukes’ B and C colorectal cancers using expression arrays. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 129: 263–271
Freije W.A., Castro-Vargas F.E., Fang Z., Horvath S., Cloughesy T., Liau L.M., Mischel P.S. and Nelson S.F. 2004. Gene expression profiling of gliomas strongly predicts survival. Cancer Res 64: 6503–6510
Gadgil M., Lian W., Gadgil C., Kapur V. and Hu W.S. 2005. An analysis of the use of genomic DNA as a universal reference in two channel DNA microarrays. BMC Genomics 6: 66
Ginos M.A., Page G.P., Michalowicz B.S., Patel K.J., Volker S.E., Pambuccian S.E., Ondrey F.G., Adams G.L. and Gaffney P.M. 2004. Identification of a gene expression signature associated with recurrent disease in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Cancer Res 64: 55–63
Golub T.R., Slonim D.K., Tamayo P., Huard C., Gaasenbeek M., Mesirov J.P., Coller H., Loh M.L., Downing J.R., Caligiuri M.A., Bloomfield C.D. and Lander E.S. 1999. Molecular classification of cancer: class discovery and class prediction by gene expression monitoring. Science 286: 531–537
Graveley B.R. 2001. Alternative splicing: increasing diversity in the proteomic world. Trends Genet 17: 100–107
Greengauz-Roberts O., Stoppler H., Nomura S., Yamaguchi H., Goldenring J.R., Podolsky R.H., Lee J.R. and Dynan W.S. 2005. Saturation labeling with cysteine-reactive cyanine fluorescent dyes provides increased sensitivity for protein expression profiling of laser-microdissected clinical specimens. Proteomics 5: 1746–1757
Gronwald J., Jauch A., Cybulski C., Schoell B., Bohm-Steuer B., Lener M., Grabowska E., Gorski B., Jakubowska A., Domagala W., Chosia M., Scott R.J. and Lubinski J. 2005. Comparison of genomic abnormalities between BRCAX and sporadic breast cancers studied by comparative genomic hybridization. Int J Cancer 114: 230–236
Gu Z., Hillier L. and Kwok P.Y. 1998. Single nucleotide polymorphism hunting in cyberspace. Hum Mutat 12: 221–225
Gyorffy B., Surowiak P., Kiesslich O., Denkert C., Schafer R., Dietel M. and Lage H. 2006. Gene expression profiling of 30 cancer cell lines predicts resistance towards 11 anticancer drugs at clinically achieved concentrations. Int J Cancer 118: 1699–1712
Halvorsen O.J., Oyan A.M., Bo T.H., Olsen S., Rostad K., Haukaas S.A., Bakke A.M., Marzolf B., Dimitrov K., Stordrange L., Lin B., Jonassen I., Hood L., Akslen L.A. and Kalland K.H. 2005. Gene expression profiles in prostate cancer: association with patient subgroups and tumour differentiation. Int J Oncol 26: 329–336
Hedenfalk I., Duggan D., Chen Y., Radmacher M., Bittner M., Simon R., Meltzer P., Gusterson B., Esteller M., Kallioniemi O.P., Wilfond B., Borg A. and Trent J. 2001. Gene-expression profiles in hereditary breast cancer. N Engl J Med 344: 539–548
Hedenfalk I.A., Ringner M., Trent J.M. and Borg A. 2002. Gene expression in inherited breast cancer. Adv Cancer Res 84: 1–34
Hegde P., Qi R., Gaspard R., Abernathy K., Dharap S., Earle-Hughes J., Gay C., Nwokekeh N.U., Chen T., Saeed A.I., Sharov V., Lee N.H., Yeatman T.J. and Quackenbush J. 2001. Identification of tumor markers in models of human colorectal cancer using a 19,200-element complementary DNA microarray. Cancer Res 61: 7792–7797
Hein D.W. 2002. Molecular genetics and function of NAT1 and NAT2: role in aromatic amine metabolism and carcinogenesis. Mutat Res 506–507: 65–77
Heiskanen M., Kononen J., Barlund M., Torhorst J., Sauter G., Kallioniemi A. and Kallioniemi O. 2001. CGH, cDNA and tissue microarray analyses implicate FGFR2 amplification in a small subset of breast tumors. Anal Cell Pathol 22: 229–234
Henshall S.M., Afar D.E., Hiller J., Horvath L.G., Quinn D.I., Rasiah K.K., Gish K., Willhite D., Kench J.G., Gardiner-Garden M., Stricker P.D., Scher H.I., Grygiel J.J., Agus D.B., Mack D.H. and Sutherland R.L. 2003. Survival analysis of genome-wide gene expression profiles of prostate cancers identifies new prognostic targets of disease relapse. Cancer Res 63: 4196–4203
Hondermarck H., Vercoutter-Edouart A.S., Revillion F., Lemoine J., el-Yazidi-Belkoura I., Nurcombe V. and Peyrat J.P. 2001. Proteomics of breast cancer for marker discovery and signal pathway profiling. Proteomics 1: 1216–1232
Hoque M.O., Lee C.C., Cairns P., Schoenberg M. and Sidransky D. 2003. Genome-wide genetic characterization of bladder cancer: a comparison of high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays and PCR-based microsatellite analysis. Cancer Res 63: 2216–2222
Horak C.E. and Snyder M. 2002. ChIP-chip: a genomic approach for identifying transcription factor binding sites. Methods Enzymol 350: 469–483
Hu J., Bianchi F., Ferguson M., Cesario A., Margaritora S., Granone P., Goldstraw P., Tetlow M., Ratcliffe C., Nicholson A.G., Harris A., Gatter K. and Pezzella F. 2005. Gene expression signature for angiogenic and nonangiogenic non-small-cell lung cancer. Oncogene 24: 1212–1219
Huang J., Wei W., Zhang J., Liu G., Bignell G.R., Stratton M.R., Futreal P.A., Wooster R., Jones K.W. and Shapero M.H. 2004. Whole genome DNA copy number changes identified by high density oligonucleotide arrays. Hum Genomics 1: 287–299
Huang H.Y., Illei P.B., Zhao Z., Mazumdar M., Huvos A.G., Healey J.H., Wexler L.H., Gorlick R., Meyers P. and Ladanyi M. 2005. Ewing sarcomas with p53 mutation or p16/p14ARF homozygous deletion: a highly lethal subset associated with poor chemoresponse. J Clin Oncol 23: 548–558
Huang C.C., Cutcliffe C., Coffin C., Sorensen P.H., Beckwith J.B. and Perlman E.J. 2006. Classification of malignant pediatric renal tumors by gene expression. Pediatr Blood Cancer 46: 728–738
Irizarry R.A., Warren D., Spencer F., Kim I.F., Biswal S., Frank B.C., Gabrielson E., Garcia J.G., Geoghegan J., Germino G., Griffin C., Hilmer S.C., Hoffman E., Jedlicka A.E., Kawasaki E., Martinez-Murillo F., Morsberger L., Lee H., Petersen D., Quackenbush J., Scott A., Wilson M., Yang Y., Ye S.Q. and Yu W. 2005. Multiple-laboratory comparison of microarray platforms. Nat Methods 2: 345–350
Jackson L.G. 1978. Chromosomes and cancer: current aspects. Semin Oncol 5: 3–10
Jain K.K. 2002. Recent advances in oncoproteomics. Curr Opin Mol Ther 4: 203–209
Jain K.K. 2005. Applications of AmpliChip CYP450. Mol Diagn 9: 119–127
Jen K.Y. and Cheung V.G. 2005. Identification of novel p53 target genes in ionizing radiation response. Cancer Res 65: 7666–7673
Jiang F., Yin Z., Caraway N.P., Li R. and Katz R.L. 2004. Genomic profiles in stage I primary non small cell lung cancer using comparative genomic hybridization analysis of cDNA microarrays. Neoplasia 6: 623–635
Jin V.X., Leu Y.W., Liyanarachchi S., Sun H., Fan M., Nephew K.P., Huang T.H. and Davuluri R.V. 2004. Identifying estrogen receptor alpha target genes using integrated computational genomics and chromatin immunoprecipitation microarray. Nucleic Acids Res 32: 6627–6635
Johannsen W. 1909. Elemente der Exakten Erblichkeitslehre. Fischer, Jena
Jones A.M., Douglas E.J., Halford S.E., Fiegler H., Gorman P.A., Roylance R.R., Carter N.P. and Tomlinson I.P. 2005. Array-CGH analysis of microsatellite-stable, near-diploid bowel cancers and comparison with other types of colorectal carcinoma. Oncogene 24: 118–129
Jotterand M. and Parlier V. 1996. Diagnostic and prognostic significance of cytogenetics in adult primary myelodysplastic syndromes. Leuk Lymphoma 23: 253–266
Kahn P. 1995. From genome to proteome: looking at a cell’s proteins. Science 270: 369–370
Kakiuchi S., Daigo Y., Ishikawa N., Furukawa C., Tsunoda T., Yano S., Nakagawa K., Tsuruo T., Kohno N., Fukuoka M., Sone S. and Nakamura Y. 2004. Prediction of sensitivity of advanced non-small cell lung cancers to gefitinib (Iressa, ZD1839). Hum Mol Genet 13: 3029–3043
Kampa D., Cheng J., Kapranov P., Yamanaka M., Brubaker S., Cawley S., Drenkow J., Piccolboni A., Bekiranov S., Helt G., Tammana H. and Gingeras T.R. 2004. Novel RNAs identified from an in-depth analysis of the transcriptome of human chromosomes 21 and 22. Genome Res 14: 331–342
Kapranov P., Cawley S.E., Drenkow J., Bekiranov S., Strausberg R.L., Fodor S.P. and Gingeras T.R. 2002. Large-scale transcriptional activity in chromosomes 21 and 22. Science 296: 916–919
Kapranov P., Drenkow J., Cheng J., Long J., Helt G., Dike S. and Gingeras T.R. 2005. Examples of the complex architecture of the human transcriptome revealed by RACE and high-density tiling arrays. Genome Res 15: 987–997
Kasamatsu A., Endo Y., Uzawa K., Nakashima D., Koike H., Hashitani S., Numata T., Urade M. and Tanzawa H. 2005. Identification of candidate genes associated with salivary adenoid cystic carcinomas using combined comparative genomic hybridization and oligonucleotide microarray analyses. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37: 1869–1880
Kawamoto S.,Yoshii J.,Mizuno K.,Ito K.,Miyamoto Y.,OhnishiT.,MatobaR.,HoriN.,Matsumoto Y.,Okumura T.,Nakao Y.,Yoshii H.,Arimoto J.,Ohashi H.,Nakanishi H., Ohno I., Hashimoto J., Shimizu K., Maeda K., Kuriyama H., Nishida K., Shimizu-Matsumoto A., Adachi W., Ito R., Kawasaki S. and Chae K.S. 2000. BodyMap: a collection of 3′ ESTs for analysis of human gene expression information. Genome Res 10: 1817–1827
Khan J., Saal L.H., Bittner M.L., Chen Y., Trent J.M. and Meltzer P.S. 1999. Expression profiling in cancer using cDNA microarrays. Electrophoresis 20: 223–229
Khanna C., Khan J., Nguyen P., Prehn J., Caylor J., Yeung C., Trepel J., Meltzer P. and Helman L. 2001. Metastasis-associated differences in gene expression in a murine model of osteosarcoma. Cancer Res 61: 3750–3759
Kihara C., Tsunoda T., Tanaka T., Yamana H., Furukawa Y., Ono K., Kitahara O., Zembutsu H., Yanagawa R., Hirata K., Takagi T. and Nakamura Y. 2001. Prediction of sensitivity of esophageal tumors to adjuvant chemotherapy by cDNA microarray analysis of gene-expression profiles. Cancer Res 61: 6474–6479
Kimura Y., Noguchi T., Kawahara K., Kashima K., Daa T. and Yokoyama S. 2004. Genetic alterations in 102 primary gastric cancers by comparative genomic hybridization: gain of 20q and loss of 18q are associated with tumor progression. Mod Pathol 17: 1328–1337
Kononen J., Bubendorf L., Kallioniemi A., Barlund M., Schraml P., Leighton S., Torhorst J., Mihatsch M.J., Sauter G. and Kallioniemi O.P. 1998. Tissue microarrays for high-throughput molecular profiling of tumor specimens. Nat Med 4: 844–847
Krizman D.B., Wagner L., Lash A., Strausberg R.L. and Emmert-Buck M.R. 1999. The Cancer Genome Anatomy Project: EST sequencing and the genetics of cancer progression. Neoplasia 1: 101–106
Kudoh K., Ramanna M., Ravatn R., Elkahloun A.G., Bittner M.L., Meltzer P.S., Trent J.M., Dalton W.S. and Chin K.V. 2000. Monitoring the expression profiles of doxorubicin-induced and doxorubicin-resistant cancer cells by cDNA microarray. Cancer Res 60: 4161–4166
Kuo W.P., Jenssen T.K., Butte A.J., Ohno-Machado L. and Kohane I.S. 2002. Analysis of matched mRNA measurements from two different microarray technologies. Bioinformatics 18: 405–412
Lander E.S., Linton L.M., Birren B., Nusbaum C., Zody M.C., Baldwin J., Devon K., Dewar K., Doyle M., FitzHugh W., Funke R., Gage D., Harris K., Heaford A., Howland J., Kann L., Lehoczky J., LeVine R., McEwan P., McKernan K., Meldrim J., Mesirov J.P., Miranda C., Morris W., Naylor J., Raymond C., Rosetti M., Santos R., Sheridan A., Sougnez C., Stange-Thomann N., Stojanovic N., Subramanian A., Wyman D., Rogers J., Sulston J., Ainscough R., Beck S., Bentley D., Burton J., Clee C., Carter N., Coulson A., Deadman R., Deloukas P., Dunham A., Dunham I., Durbin R., French L., Grafham D., Gregory S., Hubbard T., Humphray S., Hunt A., Jones M., Lloyd C., McMurray A., Matthews L., Mercer S., Milne S., Mullikin J.C., Mungall A., Plumb R., Ross M., Shownkeen R., Sims S., Waterston R.H., Wilson R.K., Hillier L.W., McPherson J.D., Marra M.A., Mardis E.R., Fulton L.A., Chinwalla A.T., Pepin K.H., Gish W.R., Chissoe S.L., Wendl M.C., Delehaunty K.D., Miner T.L., Delehaunty A., Kramer J.B., Cook L.L., Fulton R.S., Johnson D.L., Minx P.J., Clifton S.W., Hawkins T., Branscomb E., Predki P., Richardson P., Wenning S., Slezak T., Doggett N., Cheng J.F., Olsen A., Lucas S., Elkin C., Uberbacher E., Frazier M., Gibbs R.A., Muzny D.M., Scherer S.E., Bouck J.B., Sodergren E.J., Worley K.C., Rives C.M., Gorrell J.H., Metzker M.L., Naylor S.L., Kucherlapati R.S., Nelson D.L., Weinstock G.M., Sakaki Y., Fujiyama A., Hattori M., Yada T., Toyoda A., Itoh T., Kawagoe C., Watanabe H., Totoki Y., Taylor T., Weissenbach J., Heilig R., Saurin W., Artiguenave F., Brottier P., Bruls T., Pelletier E., Robert C., Wincker P., Smith D.R., Doucette-Stamm L., Rubenfield M., Weinstock K., Lee H.M., Dubois J., Rosenthal A., Platzer M., Nyakatura G., Taudien S., Rump A., Yang H., Yu J., Wang J., Huang G., Gu J., Hood L., Rowen L., Madan A., Qin S., Davis R.W., Federspiel N.A., Abola A.P., Proctor M.J., Myers R.M., Schmutz J., Dickson M., Grimwood J., Cox D.R., Olson M.V., Kaul R., Raymond C., Shimizu N., Kawasaki K., Minoshima S., Evans G.A., Athanasiou M., Schultz R., Roe B.A., Chen F., Pan H., Ramser J., Lehrach H., Reinhardt R., McCombie W.R., de la Bastide M., Dedhia N., Blocker H., Hornischer K., Nordsiek G., Agarwala R., Aravind L., Bailey J.A., Bateman A., Batzoglou S., Birney E., Bork P., Brown D.G., Burge C.B., Cerutti L., Chen H.C., Church D., Clamp M., Copley R.R., Doerks T., Eddy S.R., Eichler E.E., Furey T.S., Galagan J., Gilbert J.G., Harmon C., Hayashizaki Y., Haussler D., Hermjakob H., Hokamp K., Jang W., Johnson L.S., Jones T.A., Kasif S., Kaspryzk A., Kennedy S., Kent W.J., Kitts P., Koonin E.V., Korf I., Kulp D., Lancet D., Lowe T.M., McLysaght A., Mikkelsen T., Moran J.V., Mulder N., Pollara V.J., Ponting C.P., Schuler G., Schultz J., Slater G., Smit A.F., Stupka E., Szustakowski J., Thierry-Mieg D., Thierry-Mieg J., Wagner L., Wallis J., Wheeler R., Williams A., Wolf Y.I., Wolfe K.H., Yang S.P., Yeh R.F., Collins F., Guyer M.S., Peterson J., Felsenfeld A., Wetterstrand K.A., Patrinos A., Morgan M.J., de Jong P., Catanese J.J., Osoegawa K., Shizuya H., Choi S. and Chen Y.J. 2001. Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome. Nature 409: 860–921
Landi S., Gemignani F., Gioia-Patricola L., Chabrier A. and Canzian F. 2003. Evaluation of a microarray for genotyping polymorphisms related to xenobiotic metabolism and DNA repair. Biotechniques 35: 816–820, 822, 824–817
Larramendy M.L., Niini T., Elonen E., Nagy B., Ollila J., Vihinen M. and Knuutila S. 2002. Overexpression of translocation-associated fusion genes of FGFRI, MYC, NPMI, and DEK, but absence of the translocations in acute myeloid leukemia. A microarray analysis. Haematologica 87: 569–577
Leal C.B., Schmitt F.C., Bento M.J., Maia N.C. and Lopes C.S. 1995. Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Histologic categorization and its relationship to ploidy and immunohistochemical expression of hormone receptors, p53, and c-erbB-2 protein. Cancer 75: 2123–2131
Lee Y.F., John M., Falconer A., Edwards S., Clark J., Flohr P., Roe T., Wang R., Shipley J., Grimer R.J., Mangham D.C., Thomas J.M., Fisher C., Judson I. and Cooper C.S. 2004. A gene expression signature associated with metastatic outcome in human leiomyosarcomas. Cancer Res 64: 7201–7204
Leung Y.F. and Cavalieri D. 2003. Fundamentals of cDNA microarray data analysis. Trends Genet 19: 649–659
Li Y.J., Hoang-Xuan K., Zhou X.P., Sanson M., Mokhtari K., Faillot T., Cornu P., Poisson M., Thomas G. and Hamelin R. 1998. Analysis of the p21 gene in gliomas. J Neurooncol 40: 107–111
Liang F., Holt I., Pertea G., Karamycheva S., Salzberg S.L. and Quackenbush J. 2000. Gene index analysis of the human genome estimates approximately 120,000 genes. Nat Genet 25: 239–240
Lindlof A. 2003. Gene identification through large-scale EST sequence processing. Appl Bioinformatics 2: 123–129
Liotta L.A. and Kohn E.C. 2001. The microenvironment of the tumour-host interface. Nature 411: 375–379
Liu E.T. 2005. Genomic technologies and the interrogation of the transcriptome. Mech Ageing Dev 126: 153–159
Lockhart D.J., Dong H., Byrne M.C., Follettie M.T., Gallo M.V., Chee M.S., Mittmann M., Wang C., Kobayashi M., Horton H. and Brown E.L. 1996. Expression monitoring by hybridization to high-density oligonucleotide arrays. Nat Biotechnol 14: 1675–1680
Margulies M., Egholm M., Altman W.E., Attiya S., Bader J.S., Bemben L.A., Berka J., Braverman M.S., Chen Y.J., Chen Z., Dewell S.B., Du L., Fierro J.M., Gomes X.V., Godwin B.C., He W., Helgesen S., Ho C.H., Irzyk G.P., Jando S.C., Alenquer M.L., Jarvie T.P., Jirage K.B., Kim J.B., Knight J.R., Lanza J.R., Leamon J.H., Lefkowitz S.M., Lei M., Li J., Lohman K.L., Lu H., Makhijani V.B., McDade K.E., McKenna M.P., Myers E.W., Nickerson E., Nobile J.R., Plant R., Puc B.P., Ronan M.T., Roth G.T., Sarkis G.J., Simons J.F., Simpson J.W., Srinivasan M., Tartaro K.R., Tomasz A., Vogt K.A., Volkmer G.A., Wang S.H., Wang Y., Weiner M.P., Yu P., Begley R.F. and Rothberg J.M. 2005. Genome sequencing in microfabricated high-density picolitre reactors. Nature 437: 376–380
Marsh S. 2005. Thymidylate synthase pharmacogenetics. Invest New Drugs 23: 533–537
Martin G.M. and Hoehn H. 1974. Genetics and human disease. Hum Pathol 5: 387–405
Matsuyama R., Togo S., Shimizu D., Momiyama N., Ishikawa T., Ichikawa Y., Endo I., Kunisaki C., Suzuki H., Hayasizaki Y. and Shimada H. 2006. Predicting 5-fluorouracil chemosensitivity of liver metastases from colorectal cancer using primary tumor specimens: three-gene expression model predicts clinical response. Int J Cancer 119: 406–413
Matsuzaki H., Dong S., Loi H., Di X., Liu G., Hubbell E., Law J., Berntsen T., Chadha M., Hui H., Yang G., Kennedy G.C., Webster T.A., Cawley S., Walsh P.S., Jones K.W., Fodor S.P. and Mei R. 2004a. Genotyping over 100,000 SNPs on a pair of oligonucleotide arrays. Nat Methods 1: 109–111
Matsuzaki H., Loi H., Dong S., Tsai Y.Y., Fang J., Law J., Di X., Liu W.M., Yang G., Liu G., Huang J., Kennedy G.C., Ryder T.B., Marcus G.A., Walsh P.S., Shriver M.D., Puck J.M., Jones K.W. and Mei R. 2004b. Parallel genotyping of over 10,000 SNPs using a one-primer assay on a high-density oligonucleotide array. Genome Res 14: 414–425
Matsuzaki Y., Hashimoto S., Fujita T., Suzuki T., Sakurai T., Matsushima K. and Kawakami Y. 2005. Systematic identification of human melanoma antigens using serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE). J Immunother 28: 10–19
McLean L.A., Gathmann I., Capdeville R., Polymeropoulos M.H. and Dressman M. 2004. Pharmacogenomic analysis of cytogenetic response in chronic myeloid leukemia patients treated with imatinib. Clin Cancer Res 10: 155–165
McVean G., Spencer C.C. and Chaix R. 2005. Perspectives on Human Genetic Variation from the HapMap Project. PLoS Genet 1: e54
Meijer G.A., Hermsen M.A., Baak J.P., van Diest P.J., Meuwissen S.G., Belien J.A., Hoovers J.M., Joenje H., Snijders P.J. and Walboomers J.M. 1998. Progression from colorectal adenoma to carcinoma is associated with non-random chromosomal gains as detected by comparative genomic hybridisation. J Clin Pathol 51: 901–909
Mengel M., von Wasielewski R., Wiese B., Rudiger T., Muller-Hermelink H.K. and Kreipe H. 2002. Inter-laboratory and inter-observer reproducibility of immunohistochemical assessment of the Ki-67 labelling index in a large multi-centre trial. J Pathol 198: 292–299
Mercatante D. and Kole R. 2000. Modification of alternative splicing pathways as a potential approach to chemotherapy. Pharmacol Ther 85: 237–243
Micci F., Teixeira M.R., Haugom L., Kristensen G., Abeler V.M. and Heim S. 2004. Genomic aberrations in carcinomas of the uterine corpus. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 40: 229–246
Milani L., Fredriksson M. and Syvanen A.C. 2006. Detection of alternatively spliced transcripts in leukemia cell lines by minisequencing on microarrays. Clin Chem 52: 202–211
Mironov A.A., Fickett J.W. and Gelfand M.S. 1999. Frequent alternative splicing of human genes. Genome Res 9: 1288–1293
Moch H., Schraml P., Bubendorf L., Mirlacher M., Kononen J., Gasser T., Mihatsch M.J., Kallioniemi O.P. and Sauter G. 1999. High-throughput tissue microarray analysis to evaluate genes uncovered by cDNA microarray screening in renal cell carcinoma. Am J Pathol 154: 981–986
Modrek B. and Lee C.J. 2003. Alternative splicing in the human, mouse and rat genomes is associated with an increased frequency of exon creation and/or loss. Nat Genet 34: 177–180
Mount D.W. and Pandey R. 2005. Using bioinformatics and genome analysis for new therapeutic interventions. Mol Cancer Ther 4: 1636–1643
Mousses S., Wagner U., Chen Y., Kim J.W., Bubendorf L., Bittner M., Pretlow T., Elkahloun A.G., Trepel J.B. and Kallioniemi O.P. 2001. Failure of hormone therapy in prostate cancer involves systematic restoration of androgen responsive genes and activation of rapamycin sensitive signaling. Oncogene 20: 6718–6723
Mucci N.R., Akdas G., Manely S. and Rubin M.A. 2000. Neuroendocrine expression in metastatic prostate cancer: evaluation of high throughput tissue microarrays to detect heterogeneous protein expression. Hum Pathol 31: 406–414
Mundle S.D. and Sokolova I. 2004. Clinical implications of advanced molecular cytogenetics in cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 4: 71–81
Nagao K., Togawa N., Fujii K., Uchikawa H., Kohno Y., Yamada M. and Miyashita T. 2005. Detecting tissue-specific alternative splicing and disease-associated aberrant splicing of the PTCH gene with exon junction microarrays. Hum Mol Genet 14: 3379–3388
Nakao K., Mehta K.R., Fridlyand J., Moore D.H., Jain A.N., Lafuente A., Wiencke J.W., Terdiman J.P. and Waldman F.M. 2004. High-resolution analysis of DNA copy number alterations in colorectal cancer by array-based comparative genomic hybridization. Carcinogenesis 25: 1345–1357
Nakeff A., Sahay N., Pisano M. and Subramanian B. 2002. Painting with a molecular brush: genomic/proteomic interfacing to define the drug action profile of novel solid-tumor selective anticancer agents. Cytometry 47: 72–79
Novoradovskaya N., Whitfield M.L., Basehore L.S., Novoradovsky A., Pesich R., Usary J., Karaca M., Wong W.K., Aprelikova O., Fero M., Perou C.M., Botstein D. and Braman J. 2004. Universal Reference RNA as a standard for microarray experiments. BMC Genomics 5: 20
Okazaki Y., Furuno M., Kasukawa T., Adachi J., Bono H., Kondo S., Nikaido I., Osato N., Saito R., Suzuki H., Yamanaka I., Kiyosawa H., Yagi K., Tomaru Y., Hasegawa Y., Nogami A., Schonbach C., Gojobori T., Baldarelli R., Hill D.P., Bult C., Hume D.A., Quackenbush J., Schriml L.M., Kanapin A., Matsuda H., Batalov S., Beisel K.W., Blake J.A., Bradt D., Brusic V., Chothia C., Corbani L.E., Cousins S., Dalla E., Dragani T.A., Fletcher C.F., Forrest A., Frazer K.S., Gaasterland T., Gariboldi M., Gissi C., Godzik A., Gough J., Grimmond S., Gustincich S., Hirokawa N., Jackson I.J., Jarvis E.D., Kanai A., Kawaji H., Kawasawa Y., Kedzierski R.M., King B.L., Konagaya A., Kurochkin I.V., Lee Y., Lenhard B., Lyons P.A., Maglott D.R., Maltais L., Marchionni L., McKenzie L., Miki H., Nagashima T., Numata K., Okido T., Pavan W.J., Pertea G., Pesole G., Petrovsky N., Pillai R., Pontius J.U., Qi D., Ramachandran S., Ravasi T., Reed J.C., Reed D.J., Reid J., Ring B.Z., Ringwald M., Sandelin A., Schneider C., Semple C.A., Setou M., Shimada K., Sultana R., Takenaka Y., Taylor M.S., Teasdale R.D., Tomita M., Verardo R., Wagner L., Wahlestedt C., Wang Y., Watanabe Y., Wells C., Wilming L.G., Wynshaw-Boris A., Yanagisawa M., Yang I., Yang L., Yuan Z., Zavolan M., Zhu Y., Zimmer A., Carninci P., Hayatsu N., Hirozane-Kishikawa T., Konno H., Nakamura M., Sakazume N., Sato K., Shiraki T., Waki K., Kawai J., Aizawa K., Arakawa T., Fukuda S., Hara A., Hashizume W., Imotani K., Ishii Y., Itoh M., Kagawa I., Miyazaki A., Sakai K., Sasaki D., Shibata K., Shinagawa A., Yasunishi A., Yoshino M., Waterston R., Lander E.S., Rogers J., Birney E. and Hayashizaki Y. 2002. Analysis of the mouse transcriptome based on functional annotation of 60,770 full-length cDNAs. Nature 420: 563–573
Onda M., Emi M., Yoshida A., Miyamoto S., Akaishi J., Asaka S., Mizutani K., Shimizu K., Nagahama M., Ito K., Tanaka T. and Tsunoda T. 2004. Comprehensive gene expression profiling of anaplastic thyroid cancers with cDNA microarray of 25 344 genes. Endocr Relat Cancer 11: 843–854
Ono K., Tanaka T., Tsunoda T., Kitahara O., Kihara C., Okamoto A., Ochiai K., Takagi T. and Nakamura Y. 2000. Identification by cDNA microarray of genes involved in ovarian carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 60: 5007–5011
Pan C.C., Chen P.C., Tsay S.H. and Ho D.M. 2005. Differential immunoprofiles of hepatocellular carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, and adrenocortical carcinoma: a systemic immunohistochemical survey using tissue array technique. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 13: 347–352
Peehl D.M., Shinghal R., Nonn L., Seto E., Krishnan A.V., Brooks J.D. and Feldman D. 2004. Molecular activity of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in primary cultures of human prostatic epithelial cells revealed by cDNA microarray analysis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 92: 131–141
Perin T., Canzonieri V., Massarut S., Bidoli E., Rossi C., Roncadin M. and Carbone A. 1996. Immunohistochemical evaluation of multiple biological markers in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Eur J Cancer 32A: 1148–1155
Perou C.M., Sorlie T., Eisen M.B., van de Rijn M., Jeffrey S.S., Rees C.A., Pollack J.R., Ross D.T., Johnsen H., Akslen L.A., Fluge O., Pergamenschikov A., Williams C., Zhu S.X., Lonning P.E., Borresen-Dale A.L., Brown P.O. and Botstein D. 2000. Molecular portraits of human breast tumours. Nature 406: 747–752
Petricoin E.F. and Liotta L.A. 2004. Proteomic approaches in cancer risk and response assessment. Trends Mol Med 10: 59–64
Petricoin E.F., III, Bichsel V.E., Calvert V.S., Espina V., Winters M., Young L., Belluco C., Trock B.J., Lippman M., Fishman D.A., Sgroi D.C., Munson P.J., Esserman L.J. and Liotta L.A. 2005. Mapping molecular networks using proteomics: a vision for patient-tailored combination therapy. J Clin Oncol 23: 3614–3621
Pogosianz H.E. and Prigogina E.L. 1972. Chromosome abnormalities and carcinogenesis. Neoplasma 19: 319–325
Pollack J.R., Perou C.M., Alizadeh A.A., Eisen M.B., Pergamenschikov A., Williams C.F., Jeffrey S.S., Botstein D. and Brown P.O. 1999. Genome-wide analysis of DNA copy-number changes using cDNA microarrays. Nat Genet 23: 41–46
Quackenbush J. 2001. Computational analysis of microarray data. Nat Rev Genet 2: 418–427
Ramaswamy S., Tamayo P., Rifkin R., Mukherjee S., Yeang C.H., Angelo M., Ladd C., Reich M., Latulippe E., Mesirov J.P., Poggio T., Gerald W., Loda M., Lander E.S. and Golub T.R. 2001. Multiclass cancer diagnosis using tumor gene expression signatures. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98: 15149–15154
Ramaswamy S., Ross K.N., Lander E.S. and Golub T.R. 2003. A molecular signature of metastasis in primary solid tumors. Nat Genet 33: 49–54
Reis E.M., Ojopi E.P., Alberto F.L., Rahal P., Tsukumo F., Mancini U.M., Guimaraes G.S., Thompson G.M., Camacho C., Miracca E., Carvalho A.L., Machado A.A., Paquola A.C., Cerutti J.M., da Silva A.M., Pereira G.G., Valentini S.R., Nagai M.A., Kowalski L.P., Verjovski-Almeida S., Tajara E.H., Dias-Neto E., Bengtson M.H., Canevari R.A., Carazzolle M.F., Colin C., Costa F.F., Costa M.C., Estecio M.R., Esteves L.I., Federico M.H., Guimaraes P.E., Hackel C., Kimura E.T., Leoni S.G., Maciel R.M., Maistro S., Mangone F.R., Massirer K.B., Matsuo S.E., Nobrega F.G., Nobrega M.P., Nunes D.N., Nunes F., Pandolfi J.R., Pardini M.I., Pasini F.S., Peres T., Rainho C.A., dos Reis P.P., Rodrigus-Lisoni F.C., Rogatto S.R., dos Santos A., dos Santos P.C., Sogayar M.C. and Zanelli C.F. 2005. Large-scale transcriptome analyses reveal new genetic marker candidates of head, neck, and thyroid cancer. Cancer Res 65: 1693–1699
Rhodes D.R. and Chinnaiyan A.M. 2005. Integrative analysis of the cancer transcriptome. Nat Genet 37(Suppl): S31–S37
Richter J., Wagner U., Kononen J., Fijan A., Bruderer J., Schmid U., Ackermann D., Maurer R., Alund G., Knonagel H., Rist M., Wilber K., Anabitarte M., Hering F., Hardmeier T., Schonenberger A., Flury R., Jager P., Fehr J.L., Schraml P., Moch H., Mihatsch M.J., Gasser T., Kallioniemi O.P. and Sauter G. 2000. High-throughput tissue microarray analysis of cyclin E gene amplification and overexpression in urinary bladder cancer. Am J Pathol 157: 787–794
Rihn B.H., Mohr S., McDowell S.A., Binet S., Loubinoux J., Galateau F., Keith G. and Leikauf G.D. 2000. Differential gene expression in mesothelioma. FEBS Lett 480: 95–100
Roversi G., Pfundt R., Moroni R.F., Magnani I., van Reijmersdal S., Pollo B., Straatman H., Larizza L. and Schoenmakers E.F. 2005. Identification of novel genomic markers related to progression to glioblastoma through genomic profiling of 25 primary glioma cell lines. Oncogene 25: 1571–1583
Sallinen S.L., Sallinen P.K., Haapasalo H.K., Helin H.J., Helen P.T., Schraml P., Kallioniemi O.P. and Kononen J. 2000. Identification of differentially expressed genes in human gliomas by DNA microarray and tissue chip techniques. Cancer Res 60: 6617–6622
Samimi G., Manorek G., Castel R., Breaux J.K., Cheng T.C., Berry C.C., Los G. and Howell S.B. 2005. cDNA microarray-based identification of genes and pathways associated with oxaliplatin resistance. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 55: 1–11
Sanchez-Carbayo M., Socci N.D., Lozano J.J., Li W., Charytonowicz E., Belbin T.J., Prystowsky M.B., Ortiz A.R., Childs G. and Cordon-Cardo C. 2003. Gene discovery in bladder cancer progression using cDNA microarrays. Am J Pathol 163: 505–516
Schena M., Shalon D., Davis R.W. and Brown P.O. 1995. Quantitative monitoring of gene expression patterns with a complementary DNA microarray. Science 270: 467–470
Schmidt H., Hensel M., Dobrindt U., Agerer F., Michaelis K., Janka A., Buchrieser C., Samuelson M., Svanborg C., Gottschalk G., Karch H., Hacker J., Dobrindt U., Wick L.M., Qi W., Lacher D.W. and Whittam T.S. 2004. Pathogenicity islands in bacterial pathogenesis. Clin Microbiol Rev 17: 14–56
Schraml P., Kononen J., Bubendorf L., Moch H., Bissig H., Nocito A., Mihatsch M.J., Kallioniemi O.P. and Sauter G. 1999. Tissue microarrays for gene amplification surveys in many different tumor types. Clin Cancer Res 5: 1966–1975
Seike M., Kondo T., Fujii K., Okano T., Yamada T., Matsuno Y., Gemma A., Kudoh S. and Hirohashi S. 2005. Proteomic signatures for histological types of lung cancer. Proteomics 5: 2939–2948
Selaru F.M., Zou T., Xu Y., Shustova V., Yin J., Mori Y., Sato F., Wang S., Olaru A., Shibata D., Greenwald B.D., Krasna M.J., Abraham J.M. and Meltzer S.J. 2002. Global gene expression profiling in Barrett's esophagus and esophageal cancer: a comparative analysis using cDNA microarrays. Oncogene 21: 475–478
Sengoelge G., Luo W., Fine D., Perschl A.M., Fierlbeck W., Haririan A., Sorensson J., Rehman T.U., Hauser P., Trevick J.S., Kulak S.C., Wegner B. and Ballermann B.J. 2005. A SAGE-based comparison between glomerular and aortic endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 288: F1290–F1300
Shah T., de Villiers E., Nene V., Hass B., Taracha E., Gardner M.J., Sansom C., Pelle R. and Bishop R. 2006. Using the transcriptome to annotate the genome revisited: application of massively parallel signature sequencing (MPSS). Gene 366: 104–108
Sherry S.T., Ward M.H., Kholodov M., Baker J., Phan L., Smigielski E.M. and Sirotkin K. 2001. dbSNP: the NCBI database of genetic variation. Nucleic Acids Res 29: 308–311
Skacel M., Skilton B., Pettay J.D. and Tubbs R.R. 2002. Tissue microarrays: a powerful tool for high-throughput analysis of clinical specimens: a review of the method with validation data. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 10: 1–6
Smith D.I. 2002. Transcriptional profiling develops molecular signatures for ovarian tumors. Cytometry 47: 60–62
Somiari R.I., Somiari S., Russell S. and Shriver C.D. 2005. Proteomics of breast carcinoma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 815: 215–225
Soreghan B.A., Yang F., Thomas S.N., Hsu J. and Yang A.J. 2003. High-throughput proteomic-based identification of oxidatively induced protein carbonylation in mouse brain. Pharm Res 20: 1713–1720
Sorlie T., Perou C.M., Tibshirani R., Aas T., Geisler S., Johnsen H., Hastie T., Eisen M.B., van de Rijn M., Jeffrey S.S., Thorsen T., Quist H., Matese J.C., Brown P.O., Botstein D., Eystein Lonning P. and Borresen-Dale A.L. 2001. Gene expression patterns of breast carcinomas distinguish tumor subclasses with clinical implications. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98: 10869–10874
Squire J.A., Pei J., Marrano P., Beheshti B., Bayani J., Lim G., Moldovan L. and Zielenska M. 2003. High-resolution mapping of amplifications and deletions in pediatric osteosarcoma by use of CGH analysis of cDNA microarrays. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 38: 215–225
Srinivas P.R., Kramer B.S. and Srivastava S. 2001. Trends in biomarker research for cancer detection. Lancet Oncol 2: 698–704
Stapleton M., Liao G., Brokstein P., Hong L., Carninci P., Shiraki T., Hayashizaki Y., Champe M., Pacleb J., Wan K., Yu C., Carlson J., George R., Celniker S. and Rubin G.M. 2002. The Drosophila gene collection: identification of putative full-length cDNAs for 70% of D. melanogaster genes. Genome Res 12: 1294–1300
Staunton J.E., Slonim D.K., Coller H.A., Tamayo P., Angelo M.J., Park J., Scherf U., Lee J.K., Reinhold W.O., Weinstein J.N., Mesirov J.P., Lander E.S. and Golub T.R. 2001. Chemosensitivity prediction by transcriptional profiling. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98: 10787–10792
Steel L.F., Shumpert D., Trotter M., Seeholzer S.H., Evans A.A., London W.T., Dwek R. and Block T.M. 2003. A strategy for the comparative analysis of serum proteomes for the discovery of biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma. Proteomics 3: 601–609
Stillman B.A. and Tonkinson J.L. 2001. Expression microarray hybridization kinetics depend on length of the immobilized DNA but are independent of immobilization substrate. Anal Biochem 295: 149–157
Stults J.T. and Arnott D. 2005. Proteomics. Methods Enzymol 402: 245–289
Takata R., Katagiri T., Kanehira M., Tsunoda T., Shuin T., Miki T., Namiki M., Kohri K., Matsushita Y., Fujioka T. and Nakamura Y. 2005. Predicting response to methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin neoadjuvant chemotherapy for bladder cancers through genome-wide gene expression profiling. Clin Cancer Res 11: 2625–2636
Thorisson G.A. and Stein L.D. 2003. The SNP Consortium website: past, present and future. Nucleic Acids Res 31: 124–127
Turesky R.J. 2004. The role of genetic polymorphisms in metabolism of carcinogenic heterocyclic aromatic amines. Curr Drug Metab 5: 169–180
Vasselli J.R., Shih J.H., Iyengar S.R., Maranchie J., Riss J., Worrell R., Torres-Cabala C., Tabios R., Mariotti A., Stearman R., Merino M., Walther M.M., Simon R., Klausner R.D. and Linehan W.M. 2003. Predicting survival in patients with metastatic kidney cancer by gene-expression profiling in the primary tumor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100: 6958–6963
van't Veer L.J., Dai H., van de Vijver M.J., He Y.D., Hart A.A., Mao M., Peterse H.L., van der Kooy K., Marton M.J., Witteveen A.T., Schreiber G.J., Kerkhoven R.M., Roberts C., Linsley P.S., Bernards R. and Friend S.H. 2002. Gene expression profiling predicts clinical outcome of breast cancer. Nature 415: 530–536
Velculescu V.E., Zhang L., Vogelstein B. and Kinzler K.W. 1995. Serial analysis of gene expression. Science 270: 484–487
Velculescu V.E., Zhang L., Zhou W., Vogelstein J., Basrai M.A., Bassett D.E., Jr., Hieter P., Vogelstein B. and Kinzler K.W. 1997. Characterization of the yeast transcriptome. Cell 88: 243–251
Venter J.C., Adams M.D., Myers E.W., Li P.W., Mural R.J., Sutton G.G., Smith H.O., Yandell M., Evans C.A., Holt R.A., Gocayne J.D., Amanatides P., Ballew R.M., Huson D.H., Wortman J.R., Zhang Q., Kodira C.D., Zheng X.H., Chen L., Skupski M., Subramanian G., Thomas P.D., Zhang J., Gabor Miklos G.L., Nelson C., Broder S., Clark A.G., Nadeau J., McKusick V.A., Zinder N., Levine A.J., Roberts R.J., Simon M., Slayman C., Hunkapiller M., Bolanos R., Delcher A., Dew I., Fasulo D., Flanigan M., Florea L., Halpern A., Hannenhalli S., Kravitz S., Levy S., Mobarry C., Reinert K., Remington K., Abu-Threideh J., Beasley E., Biddick K., Bonazzi V., Brandon R., Cargill M., Chandramouliswaran I., Charlab R., Chaturvedi K., Deng Z., Di Francesco V., Dunn P., Eilbeck K., Evangelista C., Gabrielian A.E., Gan W., Ge W., Gong F., Gu Z., Guan P., Heiman T.J., Higgins M.E., Ji R.R., Ke Z., Ketchum K.A., Lai Z., Lei Y., Li Z., Li J., Liang Y., Lin X., Lu F., Merkulov G.V., Milshina N., Moore H.M., Naik A.K., Narayan V.A., Neelam B., Nusskern D., Rusch D.B., Salzberg S., Shao W., Shue B., Sun J., Wang Z., Wang A., Wang X., Wang J., Wei M., Wides R., Xiao C., Yan C., Yao A., Ye J., Zhan M., Zhang W., Zhang H., Zhao Q., Zheng L., Zhong F., Zhong W., Zhu S., Zhao S., Gilbert D., Baumhueter S., Spier G., Carter C., Cravchik A., Woodage T., Ali F., An H., Awe A., Baldwin D., Baden H., Barnstead M., Barrow I., Beeson K., Busam D., Carver A., Center A., Cheng M.L., Curry L., Danaher S., Davenport L., Desilets R., Dietz S., Dodson K., Doup L., Ferriera S., Garg N., Gluecksmann A., Hart B., Haynes J., Haynes C., Heiner C., Hladun S., Hostin D., Houck J., Howland T., Ibegwam C., Johnson J., Kalush F., Kline L., Koduru S., Love A., Mann F., May D., McCawley S., McIntosh T., McMullen I., Moy M., Moy L., Murphy B., Nelson K., Pfannkoch C., Pratts E., Puri V., Qureshi H., Reardon M., Rodriguez R., Rogers Y.H., Romblad D., Ruhfel B., Scott R., Sitter C., Smallwood M., Stewart E., Strong R., Suh E., Thomas R., Tint N.N., Tse S., Vech C., Wang G., Wetter J., Williams S., Williams M., Windsor S., Winn-Deen E., Wolfe K., Zaveri J., Zaveri K., Abril J.F., Guigo R., Campbell M.J., Sjolander K.V., Karlak B., Kejariwal A., Mi H., Lazareva B., Hatton T., Narechania A., Diemer K., Muruganujan A., Guo N., Sato S., Bafna V., Istrail S., Lippert R., Schwartz R., Walenz B., Yooseph S., Allen D., Basu A., Baxendale J., Blick L., Caminha M., Carnes-Stine J., Caulk P., Chiang Y.H., Coyne M., Dahlke C., Mays A., Dombroski M., Donnelly M., Ely D., Esparham S., Fosler C., Gire H., Glanowski S., Glasser K., Glodek A., Gorokhov M., Graham K., Gropman B., Harris M., Heil J., Henderson S., Hoover J., Jennings D., Jordan C., Jordan J., Kasha J., Kagan L., Kraft C., Levitsky A., Lewis M., Liu X., Lopez J., Ma D., Majoros W., McDaniel J., Murphy S., Newman M., Nguyen T., Nguyen N., Nodell M., Pan S., Peck J., Peterson M., Rowe W., Sanders R., Scott J., Simpson M., Smith T., Sprague A., Stockwell T., Turner R., Venter E., Wang M., Wen M., Wu D., Wu M., Xia A., Zandieh A. and Zhu X. 2001. The sequence of the human genome. Science 291: 1304–1351
Veuger M.J., Heemskerk M.H., Honders M.W., Willemze R. and Barge R.M. 2002. Functional role of alternatively spliced deoxycytidine kinase in sensitivity to cytarabine of acute myeloid leukemic cells. Blood 99: 1373–1380
van de Vijver M.J., He Y.D., van ’t Veer L.J., Dai H., Hart A.A., Voskuil D.W., Schreiber G.J., Peterse J.L., Roberts C., Marton M.J., Parrish M., Atsma D., Witteveen A., Glas A., Delahaye L., van der Velde T., Bartelink H., Rodenhuis S., Rutgers E.T., Friend S.H. and Bernards R. 2002. A gene-expression signature as a predictor of survival in breast cancer. N Engl J Med 347: 1999–2009
Warnat P., Eils R. and Brors B. 2005. Cross-platform analysis of cancer microarray data improves gene expression based classification of phenotypes. BMC Bioinformatics 6: 265
von Wasielewski R., Mengel M., Wiese B., Rudiger T., Muller-Hermelink H.K. and Kreipe H. 2002. Tissue array technology for testing interlaboratory and interobserver reproducibility of immunohistochemical estrogen receptor analysis in a large multicenter trial. Am J Clin Pathol 118: 675–682
Weinberg R.A. 1983. Alteration of the genomes of tumor cells. Cancer 51: 1971–1975
Weiss M.M., Snijders A.M., Kuipers E.J., Ylstra B., Pinkel D., Meuwissen S.G., van Diest P.J., Albertson D.G. and Meijer G.A. 2003. Determination of amplicon boundaries at 20q13.2 in tissue samples of human gastric adenocarcinomas by high-resolution microarray comparative genomic hybridization. J Pathol 200: 320–326
Wick L.M., Qi W., Lacher D.W. and Whittam T.S. 2005. Evolution of genomic content in the stepwise emergence of Escherichia coli O157:H7. J Bacteriol 187: 1783–1791
Wikman F.P., Lu M.L., Thykjaer T., Olesen S.H., Andersen L.D., Cordon-Cardo C. and Orntoft T.F. 2000. Evaluation of the performance of a p53 sequencing microarray chip using 140 previously sequenced bladder tumor samples. Clin Chem 46: 1555–1561
Wilson I.M., Davies J.J., Weber M., Brown C.J., Alvarez C.E., MacAulay C., Schubeler D. and Lam W.L. 2006. Epigenomics: mapping the methylome. Cell Cycle 5: 155–158
Wolf M., El-Rifai W., Tarkkanen M., Kononen J., Serra M., Eriksen E.F., Elomaa I., Kallioniemi A., Kallioniemi O.P. and Knuutila S. 2000. Novel findings in gene expression detected in human osteosarcoma by cDNA microarray. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 123: 128–132
Wrobel G., Roerig P., Kokocinski F., Neben K., Hahn M., Reifenberger G. and Lichter P. 2005. Microarray-based gene expression profiling of benign, atypical and anaplastic meningiomas identifies novel genes associated with meningioma progression. Int J Cancer 114: 249–256
Wulfkuhle J.D., Paweletz C.P., Steeg P.S., Petricoin E.F., III and Liotta L. 2003. Proteomic approaches to the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of cancer. Adv Exp Med Biol 532: 59–68
Yang L.Y., Wang W., Peng J.X., Yang J.Q. and Huang G.W. 2004. Differentially expressed genes between solitary large hepatocellular carcinoma and nodular hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 10: 3569–3573
Yeatman T.J. 2003. The future of clinical cancer management: one tumor, one chip. Am Surg 69: 41–44
Yi Y., Mirosevich J., Shyr Y., Matusik R. and George A.L., Jr. 2005. Coupled analysis of gene expression and chromosomal location. Genomics 85: 401–412
Zhang L.H. and Ji J.F. 2005. Molecular profiling of hepatocellular carcinomas by cDNA microarray. World J Gastroenterol 11: 463–468
Zhang Z., Bast R.C., Jr., Yu Y., Li J., Sokoll L.J., Rai A.J., Rosenzweig J.M., Cameron B., Wang Y.Y., Meng X.Y., Berchuck A., Van Haaften-Day C., Hacker N.F., de Bruijn H.W., van der Zee A.G., Jacobs I.J., Fung E.T. and Chan D.W. 2004. Three biomarkers identified from serum proteomic analysis for the detection of early stage ovarian cancer. Cancer Res 64: 5882–5890
Zhao X., Weir B.A., LaFramboise T., Lin M., Beroukhim R., Garraway L., Beheshti J., Lee J.C., Naoki K., Richards W.G., Sugarbaker D., Chen F., Rubin M.A., Janne P.A., Girard L., Minna J., Christiani D., Li C., Sellers W.R. and Meyerson M. 2005. Homozygous deletions and chromosome amplifications in human lung carcinomas revealed by single nucleotide polymorphism array analysis. Cancer Res 65: 5561–5570
Zucchi I., Mento E., Kuznetsov V.A., Scotti M., Valsecchi V., Simionati B., Vicinanza E., Valle G., Pilotti S., Reinbold R., Vezzoni P., Albertini A. and Dulbecco R. 2004. Gene expression profiles of epithelial cells microscopically isolated from a breast-invasive ductal carcinoma and a nodal metastasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101: 18147–18152
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Humana Press, a part of Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Enkemann, S., McLoughlin, J., Jensen, E., Yeatman, T. (2009). Whole-Genome Analysis of Cancer. In: Gordon, G. (eds) Bioinformatics in Cancer and Cancer Therapy. Cancer Drug Discovery and Development. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-576-3_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-576-3_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-753-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-59745-576-3
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)