Skip to main content

Lung Injury after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

  • Chapter
Book cover Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Part of the book series: Contemporary Hematology ((CH))

  • 1300 Accesses

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 219.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 279.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 379.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Clark J, Madtes D, Martin T, Hackman R, Farrand A, Crawford S. Idiopathic pneumonia after bone marrow transplantation: cytokine activation and lipopoly-saccharide amplification in the bronchoalveolar compartment. Crit Care Med 1999;27:1800.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Crawford S, Hackman R. Clinical course of idiopathic pneumonia after bone marrow transplantation. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993;147:1393.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Weiner RS, Mortimer MB, Gale RP, Gluckman E, Kay HEM, Kolb JJ, Hartz AJ, Rimm AA. Interstitial pneumonitis after bone marrow transplantation. Ann. Intern. Med. 1986;104:168–175.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Quabeck K. The lung as a critical organ in marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplantation 1994;14:S19–S28.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Crawford S, Longton G, Storb R. Acute graft versus host disease and the risks for idiopathic pneumonia after marrow transplantation for severe aplastic anemia. Bone Marrow Transplant 1993;12:225.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Kantrow SP, Hackman RC, Boeckh M, Myerson D, Crawford SW. Idiopathic pneumonia syndrome: Changing spectrum of lung injury after marrow transplantation. Transplantation 1997; 63:1079–1086.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Afessa B, Litzow MR, Tefferi A. Bronchiolitis obliterans and other late onset noninfectious pulmonary complications in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2001;28:425–434.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Holland HK, Wingard JR, Beschorner WE, Saral R, Santos GW. Bronchiolitis obliterans in bone marrow transplantation and its relationship to chronic graft-versus-host disease and low serum IgG. Blood 1988;72:621–627.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Schultz KR, Green GJ, Wensley D, Sargent MA, Magee JF, Spinelli JJ, Pritchard S, Davis JH, Rogers PCJ, Chan KW, Phillips GL. Obstructive lung disease in children after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Blood 1994;84:3212–3220.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Crawford SW, Pepe M, Lin D, Benedetti F, Deeg HJ. Abnormalities of pulmonary function tests after marrow transplantation predict nonrelapse mortality. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995;152:690–695.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Sullivan K, Mori M, Sanders J et al. Late complications of allogeneic and autolo-gous bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplantation 1992;10:127– 134.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Wiesendanger P, Archimbaud E, Mornex J, Brune J, Cordier J. Post transplant obstructive lung disease (“broncliolitis obliterans”). Euro Respir J 1995;8:551–558.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Sanchez J, Torres A, Serrano J, Romain J, Martin C, Perula L, Martinez F, Ganey P. Long term follow up of immunosuppressive treatment for obstructive airway disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplantation 1997;20:403–408.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Badier M, Guillot C, Delpierre S, Vanuxem P, Blaise D, Maraninchi D. Pulmonary function changes 100 Days and one year after bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplantation 1993;12:457–461.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Quigley P, Yeager A, Loughlin G. The effects of bone marrow transplantation on pulmonary function in children. Pediatric Pulmonary 1994;18:361–367.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Abhyankar S, Gilliland DG, Ferrara JLM. Interleukin 1 is a critical effector molecule during cytokine dysregulation in graft-versus-host disease to minor histocom-patibility antigens. Transplant. 1993;56:1518–1523.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Clark J, Hansen J, Hertz M, Parkman R, Jensen L, Peavy H. Idiopathic pneumonia syndrome after bone marrow transplantation. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1993;147:1601–1606.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Yousem SA. The histological spectrum of pulmonary graft-versus-host disease in bone marrow transplant recipients. Hum Pathol 1995;26:668–675.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Wingard JR, Mellits ED, Sostrin MB et al. Interstitial pneumonitis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Nine-year experience at a single institution. Medicine 1988;67:175–186.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Neiman P, Wasserman PB, Wentworth BB et al. Interstitial pneumonia and cytomegalovirus infection as complications of human marrow transplantation. Transplantation 1973;15:478–485.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Yanik G, Hellerstedt B, Custer J, Hutchinson R, Kwon D, Ferrara JL, Uberti J, Cooke KR, Etanercept (Enbrel) administration for idiopathic pneumonia syndrome after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2002;8:395–400.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Robbins RA, Linder J, Stahl MG et al. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in autologous bone marrow transplant recipients. Am. J. Med. 1989;87:511–518.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Lewis ID, DeFor T, Weisdorf DJ. Increasing incidence of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: cryptic etiology and uncertain therapy. Bone Marrow Transplant 2000;26:539–543.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Metcalf JP, Rennard SI, Reed EC, Haire WD, Sisson JH, Walter T, Robbins RA. Corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy for diffuse alveolar hemorrhage associated with bone marrow transplantation. University of Nebraska Medical Center Bone Marrow Transplant Group. Am J Med. 1994;96:327–334.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Sloane J, Depledge M, Powles R, Morgenstern G, Trickey B, Dady P. Histopathology of the lung after bone marrow transplantation. J. Clin. Pathol. 1983;36:546–554.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Wojno KJ, Vogelsang GB, Beschorner WE, Santos GW. Pulmonary hemorrhage as a cause of death in allogeneic bone marrow recipients with severe acute graft-versus-host disease. Transplantation 1994;57:88–92.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Capizzi SA, Kumar S, Huneke NE, Gertz MA, Inwards DJ, Litzow MR, Lacy MQ, Gastineau DA, Prakash UB, Tefferi A. Peri-engraftment respiratory distress syndrome during autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2001;27:1299–1303.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Wilczynski SW, Erasmus JJ, Petros WP, Vredenburgh JJ, Folz RJ. Delayed pulmonary toxicity syndrome following high-dose chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation for breast cancer. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998;157:565–573.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Bhalla KS, Wilczynski SW, Abushamaa AM, Petros WP, McDonald CS, Loftis JS, Chao NJ, Vredenburgh JJ, Folz RJ. Pulmonary toxicity of induction chemotherapy prior to standard or high-dose chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic support. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;161:17–25.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Weiner RS, Horowitz MM, Gale RP, Dicke KA, van Bekkum DW, Masaoka T, Ramsay NKC, Rimm AA, Rozman C, Bortin MM. Risk factors for interstitial pneumonitis following bone marrow transplantation for severe aplastic anemia. Br.J.Haematol. 1989;71:535.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Meyers JD, Flournoy N, Thomas ED. Nonbacterial pneumonia after alloge-neic marrow transplantation: a review of ten years' experience. Rev Infect Dis. 1982;4:1119–1132.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Atkinson K, Turner J, Biggs JC, Dodds A, Concannon A. An acute pulmonary syndrome possibly representing acute graft-versus-host disease involving the lung interstitium. Bone Marrow Transplant. 1991;8:231.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Della Volpe A, Ferreri AJ, Annaloro C, Mangili P, Rosso A, Calandrino R, Villa E, Lambertenghi-Deliliers G, Fiorino C. Lethal pulmonary complications significantly correlate with individually assessed mean lung dose in patients with hematologic malignancies treated with total body irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2002;52:483–488.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Fukuda T, Hackman R, Guthrie KA, Carter RA, Sandmaier BM, Davis C, Martin PJ, Storb RF, Madtes DK. Risks and outcomes of idiopathic pneumonia dyndrome after sllogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: the intensity of the conditioning regimen outweighs the effect of acute graft-versus-host disease. Biol Blood and Marrow Transplant. 2003;9:65.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Down JD, Mauch P, Warhol M, Neben S, Ferrara JLM. The effect of donor T lymphocytes and total-body irradiation on hemopoietic engraftment and pulmonary toxicity following experimental allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Transplant. 1992;54:802–808.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Shankar G, Cohen DA. Idiopathic pneumonia syndrome after bone marrow transplantation: the role of pre-transplant radiation conditioning and local cytokine dysregulation in promoting lung inflammation and fibrosis. Int J Exp Pathol. 2001;82:101–113.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Kelley J. Cytokines of the lung. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1990;141:765–788.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Piguet P, Collart M, Grau G, Sappino A, Vassalli P. Requirement of tumour necrosis factor for development of silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Nature 1990;344:245– 247.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Schmidt J, Pliver CN, Lepe-Zuniga JL, Green I, Gery I. Silica-stimulated monocytes release fibroblast proliferation factors identical to interleukin-1. A potential role for interleukin-1 in the pathogenesis of silicosis. J. Clin. Invest. 1984;73:1462–1472.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Suter P, Suter S, Girardin E, Roux-Lombard P, Grau G, Dayer J. High bronchoal-veolar levels of tumor necrosis factor and its inhibitors, interleukin-1, interferon, and elastase, in patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome after trauma, shock or sepsis. Am Rev Resp Dis 1992;145:1016.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Hyers T, Tricomi S, Dettenmier P, Fowler A. Tumor necrosis factor levels in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1991;144:268.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Bortin M, Ringden O, Horowitz M, Rozman C, Weiner R, Rimm A. Temporal relationships between the major complications of bone marrow transplantation for leukemia. Bone Marrow Transplant 1989;4:339.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Beschorner W, Saral R, Hutchins G, Tutschka P, Santos G. Lymphocytic bronchitis associated with graft versus host disease in recipients of bone marrow transplants. N. Engl. J. Med. 1978;299:1030–1036.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Milburn HJ, Poulter LW, Prentice HG, Du Bois RM. Pulmonary cell populations in recipients of bone marrow transplants with interstitial pneumonitis. Thorax 1989;44:570.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Milburn HJ, Du Bois RM, Prentice HG, Poulter LW. Pneumonitis in bone marrow transplant recipients results from a local immune response. Clin Exp Immunol. 1990;81:232.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Schwarer AP, Hughes JMB, Trotman-Dickenson B, Krausz T, Goldman JM. A chronic pulmonary syndrome associated with graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic marrow transplantation. Transplant. 1992;54:1002–1008.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Sutedja TG, Apperley JF, Hughes JMB et al. Pulmonary function after bone marrow transplantation for chronic myeloid leukemia. Thorax 1988;43:163–169.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Piguet PF, Grau GE, Collart MA, Vassalli P, Kapanci Y. Pneumopathies of the graft-versus-host reaction. Alveolitis associated with an increased level of tumor necrosis factor MRNA and chronic interstitial pneumonitis. Lab. Invest. 1989;61:37–45.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Clark JG, Madtes DK, Hackman RC, Chen W, Cheever MA, Martin PJ. Lung injury induced by alloreactive Th1 cells is characterized by host-derived mononu-clear cell inflammation and activation of alveolar macrophages. J Immunol. 1998; 61:1913–1920.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Shankar G, Bryson J, Jennings C, Morris P, Cohen D. Idiopathic pneumonia syndrome in mice after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 1998;18:235–242.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Cooke KR, Kobzik L, Martin TR, Brewer J, Delmonte J, Crawford JM, Ferrara JLM. An experimental model of idiopathic pneumonia syndrome after bonemarrow transplantation. I. The roles of minor H antigens and endotoxin. Blood 1996;8:3230–3239.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Cooke KR, Krenger W, Hill GR, Martin T, Kobzik L, Brewer J, Simmons R, Crawford JM, van den Brink MRM, Ferrara JLM. Host reactive donor T cells are associated with lung injury after experimental allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Blood 1998;92:2571–2580.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Hackman RC, Sale GE. Large airway inflammation as a possible manifestation of a pulmonary graft-versus-host reaction in bone marrow allograft recipients. Lab Invest 1981;44:26A.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Connor R, Ramsay N, McGlave P, Snover D, Kersey J, Burke B. Pulmonary pathology in bone marrow transplant recipients. Lab Invest 1982;46:3.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Workman D, Clancy JJ. Interstitial pneumonitis and lymphocytic bronchiolitis/ bronchitis as a direct result of acute lethal graft-versus-host disease duplicate the histopathology of lung allograft rejection. Transplant 1994;58:207.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Taylor PA, Yaegar TM, Wangensteen OD, Bitterman PB, Ingbar DH, Vallera DA, Blazar BR. The critical early proinflammatory events associated with idiopathic pneumonia syndrome in irradiated murine allogenic recipients are due to donor T cell infusion and potentiated by cyclophoshamide. J Clin Invest. 1997;100:1015–1027.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Cooke K, Kobzik L, Teshima T, Lowler K, Clouthier S, Ferrara J. A role for Fas-Fas ligand but not perforin mediated cytolysis in the development of experimental idiopathic pneumonia syndrome. Blood 2000;96:768a.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Gerbitz A, Ewing P, Olkiewicz K, Willmarth NE, Williams D, Hildebrandt G, Wilke A, Liu C, Eissner G, Andreesen R, Holler E, Guo R, Ward PA, Cooke KR. A role for CD54 (intracellular adhesion molecule-1) in leukocyte recruitment to the lung during the development of experimental idiopathic pneumonia syndrome. Transplantation 2005;79:536–542.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Curtis DJ, Smale A, THien F, Schwarer AP, Szer J. Chronic airflow obstruction in long-term survivors of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplantation 1995;16:169–173.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Clark JG, Schwartz DA, Flournoy N, Sullivan KM, Crawford SW, Thomas ED. Risk factors for air-flow obstruction in recipients of bone marrow transplants. Ann. Intern. Med. 1987;107:648–656.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Piguet PF, Grau GE, Allet B, Vassalli PJ. Tumor necrosis factor/cachectin is an effector of skin and gut lesions of the acute phase of graft-versus-host disease. J.Exp.Med. 1987;166:1280–1289.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Cooke KR, Hill GR, Gerbitz A, Kobzik L, Martin TR, Crawford JM, Brewer JP, Ferrara JLM. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha neutralization reduces lung injury after experimental allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Transplantation 2000;70:272–279.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Smith S, Skerrett S, Chi E, Jonas M, Mohler K, Wilson C. The locus of tumor necrosis factor-a action in lung inflammation. Am J. Respir Cell Mol Biol 1998;19:881.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Nelson S, Bagby G, Gainton B, Wilson L, Thompson J, Summer W. Compart-mentalization of intraalveolar and systemic lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor and the pulmonary inflammatory response. J. Infect. Dis. 1989; 159:189.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Ulich TR, Watson LR, Yin SM, Guo KZ, Wang P, Thang H, del Castillo J. The intratracheal administration of endotoxin and cytokines. I. Characterization of LPS-induced IL-1 and TNF mRNA expression and the LPS-, IL-1-, and TNF-induced inflammatory infiltrate. Am J Pathol 1991;138:1485–1496.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Nestel F P, Price KS, Seemayer TA, Lapp WS. Macrophage priming and lipopoly-saccharide-triggered release of tumor necrosis factor alpha during graft-versus-host disease. J Exp Med. 1992;175:405–413.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Hill G, Ferrara JLM.The primacy of the gastrointestinal tract as a target organ of acute graft-versus-host disease: rationale for the use of cytokine shields in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Blood 2000;95:2754–2759.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Cooke K, Gerbitz A, Hill G, Crawford J, Teshima T, Ferrara JLM. LPS Antagonism reduces graft-versus-host disease and preserves graft-versus-leukemia activity after experimental bone marrow transplantation. J Clin Invest 2001;7:1581–1589.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Fegan C, Poynton CH, Whittaker JA. The gut mucosal barrier in bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 1990;5:373–377.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Jackson SK, Parton J, Barnes RA, Poynton CH, Fegan C. Effect of IgM-enriched intravenous immunoglobulin (Pentaglobulin) on endotoxaemia and anti-endotoxin antibodies in bone marrow transplantation. Euro J Clin Invest. 1993;23:540–545.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Hill GR, Crawford JM, Cooke KJ, Brinson YS, Pan L, Ferrara JLM. Total body irradiation and acute graft versus host disease. The role of gastrointestinal damage and inflammatory cytokines. Blood 1997;90:3204–3213.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Cooke K, Hill G, Crawford J, Bungard D, Brinson Y, Delmonte Jr. J, Ferrara JLM. Tumor necrosis factor-a production to lipopolysaccharide stimulation by donor cells predicts the severity of experimental acute graft versus host disease. J. Clin. Invest. 1998;102:1882–1891.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Cooke K, Hill G, Gerbitz A, Kobzik L, Martin T, Crawford J, Brewer J, Ferrara JLM. Hyporesponsiveness of donor cells to LPS stimulation reduces the severity of experimental idiopathic pneumonia syndrome: potential role for a gut-lung axis of inflammation. J Immunol. 2000;165:6612–6619.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Hildebrandt GC, Olkiewicz KM, Corrion LA, Chang Y, Clouthier S, Liu C, Cooke KR. Donor-derived tumor necrosis factor-alpha regulates pulmonary chemokine expression and the development of idiopathic pneumonia syndrom after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Blood 2004;104:586–593.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Hattori K, Hirano T, Miyajima H, Yamakawa N, Tateno M, Oshimi K, Kayagaki N, Yagita H, Okumura K. Differential effects of anti-Fas ligand and anti-tumor necrosis factor-a antibodies on acute graft-versus-host disease pathologies. Blood 1998;91:4051–4055.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Vallera DA, Taylor PA, Vannice JL, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Blazar BR. Interleukin-1 or tumor necrosis factor-alpha antagonists do not inhibit graft-versus-host disease induced across the major histocompatibility barrier in mice. Transplantation 1995;60:1371–1374.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Clark JG, Mandac JB, Dixon AE, Martin PJ, Hackman RC, Madtes DK. Neutralization of tumor necrosis factor-alpha action delays but does not prevent lung injury induced by alloreactive T helper 1 cells. Transplantation 2000;70:39–43.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Baker MB, Altman NH, Podack ER, Levy RB. The role of cell-mediated cytotoxicity in acute GVHD after MHC-matched allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in mice. J. Exp. Med. 1996;183:2645–2656.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Braun YM, Lowin B, French L, Acha-Orbea H, Tschopp J. Cytotoxic T cells deficient in both functional Fas ligand and perforin show residual cytolytic activity yet lose their capacity to induce lethal acute graft-versus-host disease. J Exp Med. 1996;183:657–661.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Haddad I, Ingbar D, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Blazar B. Activated alveolar macro-phage-derived nitric oxide predicts the development of lung damage after marrow transplantation in mice. Chest 1999;116:37S.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Haddad I, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Ingbar D, Yang S, Milla C, Blazar B. High levels of peroxynitrite are generated in the lungs of irradiated mice given cyclo-phosphamide and allogeneic T cells: A potential mechanism of injury after marrow transplantation. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 1999;20:1125.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Jasinski M, Wieckiewicz J, Ruggiero I, Pituch-Noworlska A, Zembala M. Isotype-specific regulation of MHC class II gene expression in human monocytes by exogenous and endogenous tumor necrosis factor. J Clin Immunol 1995;15:185.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Crawford J. Cellular and molecular biology of the inflamed liver. Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. 1997;13:175.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Matuschak G, Pinksy M, Klein E, Van Thiel D, Rinaldo J. Effects of D-galac-tosamine induced acute liver injury on mortality and pulmonary responses to Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1990;141:1296.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Matuschak GM, Mattingly ME, Tredway TL, Lechner AJ. Liver-lung interactions during E. coli endotoxemia. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1994;149:41–49.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Nakao A, Taki S, Yasui M, Kimura Y, Nonami T, Harada A, Takagi H. The fate of intravenously injected endotoxin in normal rats and in rats with liver failure. Hepatology 1994;19:1251.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Lehmann V, Freudenberg M, Galanos C. Lethal toxicity of lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor in norma and D-galactosamine treated mice. J. Exp. Med. 1987;165:657.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Galanos C, Freudenber M, Reutter W. Galactosamine induced sensitization to the lethal effects of endotoxin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1987;76:5939.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Katz M, Grosfeld J, Gross K. Impaired bacterial clearance and trapping in obstructive jaundice. Am. J. Surg. 1984;199.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Holler E, Kolb HJ, Moller A, Kempeni J, Lisenfeld S, Pechumer H, Lehmacher W, Ruckdeschel G, Gleixner B, Riedner C, Ledderose G, Brehm G, Mittermuller J, Wilmanns W. Increased serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha precede major complications of bone marrow transplantation. Blood 1990;75:1011–1016.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Martin T, Rubenfeld G, Ruzinski J. Relationship between soluble CD14, lipopolysaccharide binding protein, and the alveolar inflammatory response in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am. J. Resp. Crit. Care Med. 1997;155:937–944.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Shlomchik WD, Couzens MS, Tang CB, McNiff J, Robert ME, Liu J, Shlomchik MJ, Emerson SG. Prevention of graft versus host disease by inactivation of host antigen-presenting cells. Science 1999;285:412–415.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Madtes DK, Crawford SW. Lung injuries associated with graft-versus-host reactions. In Ferrara JLM, Deeg HJ, Burakoff SJ (eds) Graft-vs.-Host Disease. Marcel Dekker, Inc, New York, NY, 1997:425.

    Google Scholar 

  94. Rabinowich H, Zeevi A, Paradis IL, Yousem SA, Dauber JH, Kormos R, Hardesty RL, Griffith BP, Duquesnoy RJ. Proliferative responses of bronchoalveolar lavage lymphocytes from heart-lung transplant patients. Transplantation 1990;49:115.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Watanabe T, Kawamura T, Kawamura H, Haga M, Shirai K, Watanabe H, Eguchi S, Abo T. Intermediate TCR cells in mouse lung. Their effector function to induce pneumonitis in mice with autoimmune-like graft-versus-host disease. J Immunol. 1997;58:5805.

    Google Scholar 

  96. Chen W, Chatta K, Rubin W, Liggit DH, Kusunoki Y, Martin P, Cheever MA. Polymorphic segments of CD45 can serve as targets for GVHD and GVL responses. Blood 1995;86:(suppl).158a.

    Google Scholar 

  97. Leblond V, Zouabi H, Sutton L, Guillon JM, Mayaud CM, Similowski T, Beigelman C, Autran B. Late CD8+ lymphocytic alveolitis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and chronic graft-versus-host disease. Am J Crit Care Med. 1994;150:1056.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Gartner JG, Merry AC, Smith CI. An analysis of pulmonary natural killer cell activity in F1-hybrid mice with acute graft-versus-host reactions. Transplantation. 1988;46:879–886.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Trauth BC, Klas C, Peters AM, Matzku S, Moller P, Falk W, Debatin KM, Krammer PH. Monoclonal antibody-mediated tumor regression by induction of apoptosis. Science 1989;245:301–305.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Itoh N, Yonehara S, Ishii A, Yonehara M, Mizushima SI, Sameshima M, Hase A, Seto Y, Nagata S. The polypeptide encoded by the cDNA for human cell surface antigen Fas can mediate apoptosis. Cell 1991;66:233–243.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Lowin B, Hahne M, Mattmann C, Tschopp J. Cytolytic T-cell cytotoxicity is mediated through perforin and Fas lytic pathways. Nature 1994;370:650–652.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Lee RK, Spielman J, Zhao DY. Perforin fas ligand and tumor necrosis factor are the major cytotoxic molecules used by lymphokine-activated killer cells. J Immunol. 1996;157:1919–1925.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Teshima T, Hill G, Pan L, Brinson Y, van den Brink MR, Cooke K, Ferrara JLM. IL-11 separates graft-versus-leukemia effects from graft-versus-host disease after bone marrow transplantation. J Clin Invest. 1999;104:317–325.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Blazar BR, Taylor PA, Vallera DA. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells each can utilize a per-forin-dependent pathway to mediate lethal graft-versus-host disease in major histo-compatibility complex-disparate recipients. Transplantation 1997;64: 571–576.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Rafi AQ, Zeytun A, Bradley M, Sponenberg D, Grayson R, Nagarkatti M. Evidence for the involvement of Fas ligand and perforin in the induction of vascular leak syndrome. J Immunol 1998;161:3077–3086.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Matute-Bello G, Liles WC, Steinberg KP, Kiener PA, Mongovin S, Chi EY, Jonas M, Martin TR. Soluble Fas ligand induces epithelial cell apoptosis in humans with acute lung injury (ARDS). J Immunol 1999;163:2217–2225.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Hiroyasu S, Shiraishi M, Koji T, Mamadi T, Sugawa H, Tomori H, Muto Y. Analysis of Fas system in pulmonary injury of graft-versus-host disease after rat intestinal transplantation. Transplantation 1999;68:933–938.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Hashimoto S, Kobayashi A, Kooguchi K, Kitamura Y, Onodera H, Nakajima H. Upregulation of two death pathways of perforin/granzyme and FasL/Fas in septic acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000;161:237–243.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Ingbar DH, Jung P, Haddad IY, Bitterman PB, Wangensteen OD, Farrell CL, Lacey DL, Blazar BR. KGF pretreatment decreases B7 and granzyme B expression and hastens repair in lungs of mice after allogeneic BMT. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2000;278:L988–999.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Stein R, Hummel D, Bohn D, Levison H, Roifman CM. Lymphocytic pneumonitis following bone marrow transplantation in severe combined immunodeficiency. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991;143:1406–1408.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Massard G, Tongiio MW, Wihlm JM, Morand G. The dendritic cell lineage: an ubiquitous antigen-presenting organization. Ann Thorac Surg 1996;61:252.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Armstrong LR, Christensen PJ, Paine R, Chen GH, McDonald RA, Lim TK, Toews GB. Regulation of the immunostimulatory activity of rat pulmonary interstitial dendritic cells by cell-cell interactions and cytokines. Am J Repir Cell Mol Biol. 1994;11:682.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Pollard AM, Lipscomb MF. Characterization of murine lung dendritic cells: similarities to Langerhans cells and thymic dendritic cells. J Exp Med. 1990;172:159–167.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Masten BJ, Yates JL, Pollard Koga AM, Lipscomb MF. Characterization of accessory molecules in murine lung dendritic cell function: roles for CD80, CD86, CD54, and CD40L. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1997;16:335–342.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Christensen PJ, Armstrong LR, Fak JJ, Chen GH, McDonald RA, Toews GB, Paine R. Regulation of rat pulmonary dendritic cell immunostimulatory activity by alveolar epithelial cell-derived granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1995;13:426.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. van Haarst JM, de Wit HJ, Drexhage HA, Hoogsteden HC. Distribution and immunophenotype of mononuclear phagocytes and dendritic cells in the human lung. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1994;10:487–492.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  117. Holt PG, Oliver J, Bilyk N, McMenamin C, McMenamin PG, Kraal G, Thepen T. Downregulation of the antigen presenting cell function(s) of pulmonary dendritic cells in vivo by resident alveolar macrophages. J Exp Med. 1993;177:397–407.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Dupuis M, McDonald DM. Dendritic-cell regulation of lung immunity. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1997;17:284.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. van Haarst JM, de Wit HJ, Drexhage HA, Hoogsteden HC. Distribution and immunophenotype of mononuclear and dendritic cells in the human lung. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1994;10:487.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  120. Yousem SA, Ray L, Paradis IL, Dauber JA, Griffith BP. Potential role of dendritic cells in bronchiolitis obliterans in heart-lung transplantation. Ann Thorac Surg 1990;49:424.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Teshima T, Ordemann R, Reddy P, Gagin S, Liu C, Cooke KR, Ferrara JLM. Acute graft-versus-host disease does not require alloantigen expression on host epithelium. Nat Med. 2002;8:575–581.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Holt PG, Haining S, Nelson DJ, Sedgwick JD. Origin and steady-state turnover of class II MHC-bearing dendritic cells in the epithelium of the conducting airways. J Immunol. 1994;153:256–261.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Murai M, Yoneyama H, Ezaki T, Suematsu M, Terashim Y, Harada A, Hamada H, Asakura H, Ishikawa H, Matsushima K. Peyer's patch is the essential site in initiating murine acute and lethal graft-versus-host reaction. Nat Immunol. 2003;4: XXX—XXX.

    Google Scholar 

  124. Glode LM, Rosenstreich DL. Genetic control of B cell activation by bacterial lipopolysaccaride is mediated by multiple distinct genes or alleles. J. Immunol. 1976;117:2061–2066.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Poltorak A, Ziaolong H, Smirnova I, Liu M-Y, Van Huffel C, Du X, Birdwell D, Alejos E, Silva M, Galanos C, Freudenberg M, Ricciardi-Castagnoli P, Layton B, Beutler B. Defective LPS signaling in C3H/HeJ and C57BL/20ScCr mice: Mutations in Tlr4 Gene. Science 1998;282:2085–2088.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Watson J, Kelly K, Largen M, Taylor BA. The genetic mapping of a defective LPS response gene in C3H/Hej mice. J. Immunol. 1978;120:422–424.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Sultzer BM, Castagna R, Bandeakar J, Wong P. Lipopolysaccharide nonresponder cells: the C3H/HeJ defect. Immunobiol. 1993;187:257–271.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Cooke K, Olkiewicz K, Clouthier S, Liu C, Ferrara JLM. Critical Role for CD14 and the innate immune response in the induction of experimental acute graft-ver-sus-host disease. Blood 2001;98:776a.

    Google Scholar 

  129. Maus U, Herold S, Muth H, Maus R, Ermert L, Ermert M, Weissmann N, Rosseau S, Seeger W, Grimminger F, Lohmeyer J. Monocytes recruited into the alveolar air space of mice show a monocytic phenotype but upregulate CD14. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2001;280:L58–68.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Martin T, Goodman R. The role of chemokines in the pathophysiology of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In Hebert C (ed) Chemokines in Disease. Humana Press, Totowa, 1999:81–110.

    Google Scholar 

  131. DiGiovine B, Lynch J, Martinez F, Flint A, Whyte R, Iannettoni M, Arenberg D, Burdick M, Glass M, Wilke C, Morris S, Kunkel S, Strieter R. Bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophilia is associated with obliterative bronchiolitis after lung transplantation: role of IL-8. J Immunol 1996;157:4194–5202.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Riise GC, Andersson BA, Kjellstrom C, Martensson G, Nilsson FN, Ryd W, Schersten H. Persistent high BAL fluid granulocyte activation marker levels as early indicators of bronchiolitis obliterans after lung transplant. Eur Respir J. 1999;14:1123–1130.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Zheng L, Walters EH, Ward C, Wang N, Orsida B, Whitford H, Williams TJ, Kotsimbos T, Snell GI. Airway neutrophilia in stable and bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome patients following lung transplantation. Thorax 2000;55:53–59.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Reynaud-Gaubert M, Thomas P, Badier M, Cau P, Giudicelli R, Fuentes P. Early detection of airway involvement in obliterative bronchiolitis after lung transplantation. Functional and bronchoalveolar lavage cell findings. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000;161:1924–1929.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Elssner A, Vogelmeier C. The role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of obliterative bronchiolitis after lung transplantation. Transpl Infect Dis. 2001;3:168–176.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Mackay CR. Chemokines: immunology's high impact factors. Nat Immunol 2001;2:95–101.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Kishimoto TK, Walcheck B, Rothlein R. Leukocyte adhesion, trafficking, and migration. In Ferrara JLM, Deeg HJ, Burakoff SJ (eds) Graft-vs.-Host Disease. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1997:151–178.

    Google Scholar 

  138. Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Hermanson JR, Haddad IY, Wangensteen OD, Blazar BR. Intercellular adhesion molecule-I (ICAM-I, CD54) deficiency segregates theunique pathophysiological requirements for generating idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS) versus graft-versus-host disease following allogeneic murine bone marrow transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2001;7:368–377.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Gerbitz A, Nickoloff B, Olkiewitz KM, Erickson NE, Corrion LA, Hildebrandt GC, Kobzik L, Eissner G, Holler E, Ferrara JLM, Cooke KR. A Role for TNF-alpha mediated endothelial apoptosis in the development of experimental idiopathic pneumonia syndrome. Transplantation 2004;78:494–502.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Blazar BR, Taylor PA, Panoskaltis-Mortari A, Gray GS, Vallera D. Co-blockade of the LFA1:ICAM and CD28/CTLA4:B7 pathways is a highly effective means of preventing acute lethal graft-versus host disease induced by fully major histo-compatibility complex-disparate donor grafts. Blood 1995;85:2607–2618.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. Luster AD. Chemokines: chemotactic cytokines that mediate inflammation. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:436–445.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Gerard C, Rollins BJ. Chemokines and disease. Nat Immunol. 2001;2:108–115.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Luster AD. The role of chemokines in linking innate and adaptive immunity. Curr Opin Immunol. 2002;14:129–135.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Strieter RM, Hermanson JR, Fegeding K V, Murphy WJ, Farrell CL, Lacey DL, Blazar BR. Induction of monocyte- and T-cell-attracting chemokines in the lung during the generation of idiopathic pneumonia syndrome following allogeneic murine bone marrow transplantation. Blood 2000;96: 834–839.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Dixon AE, Mandac JB, Madtes DK, Martin PJ, Clark JG. Chemokine expression in Th1 cell-induced lung injury: prominence of IFN-gamma-inducible chemokines. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2000;279:L592–599.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. Hildebrandt GC, Duffner UA, Olkiewicz KM, Corrion LA, Willmarth NE, Williams DL, Clouthier SG, Hogaboam CM, Reddy PR, Moore BB, Kuziel WA, Liu C, Yanik G, Cooke KR. A Critical Role of CCR2/MCP-1 interactions in the development of idiopathic pneumonia syndrome after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Blood 2004;103:2417–2426.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. Hildebrandt GC, Corrion LA, Olkiewicz KM, Lu B, Lowler K, Duffner U, Moore BB, Kuziel WA, Liu C, Cooke KR. Blockade of CXCR3 receptor:ligand interactions reduces leukocyte recruitment to the lung and the severity of experimental idiopathic pneumonia syndrome. J Immunol. 2004;173:2050–2059.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. Yanik GA, Levine JE, Ferrara JLM, Uberti JP, Ho VT, Antin JH, Cooke KR. Survival following etanercept therpay for the treatment of idiopathic pneumonia syndrome after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Blood 2004;104 (suppl):104a.

    Google Scholar 

  149. Depledge MH, Barrett A, Powles RL. Lung function after bone marrow grafting. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1983;9:145–151.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. Gore EM, Lawton CA, Ash RC, Lipchik RJ. Pulmonary function changes in long-term survivors of bone marrow transplantation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1996;36:67–75.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. Tait RC, Burnett AK, Robertson AG, McNee S, Riyami BM, Carter R, Stevenson RD. Subclinical pulmonary function defects following autologous and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: relationship to total body irradiation and graft-versus-host disease. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1991;20:1219–1227.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. Cerveri I, Zoia MC, Fulgoni P, Corsico A, Casali L, Tinelli C, Zecca M, Giorgiani G, Locatelli F. Late pulmonary sequelae after childhood bone marrow transplantation. Thorax 1999;54:131–135.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. d'Alessandro MP, Kozakewich HP, Cooke KR, Taylor GA. Radiologic-pathologic conference of Children's Hospital Boston: new pulmonary nodules in a child undergoing treatment for a solid malignancy. Pediatr Radiol. 1996;26:19–21.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  154. Clark JG, Crawford SW, Madtes DK, Sullivan KM. Obstructive lung disease after allogeneic marrow transplantation. Clinical presentation and course. Ann Intern Med. 1989;111:368–376.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  155. Ralph DD, Springmeyer SC, Sullivan KM, Hackman RC, Storb R, Thomas ED. Rapidly progressive air-flow obstruction in marrow transplant recipients. Possibleassociation between obliterative bronchiolitis and chronic graft-versus-host disease. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1984;129:641–644.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. Sullivan KM, Agura E, Anasetti C, Appelbaum F, Badger C, Bearman S, Erickson K, Flowers M, Hansen J, Loughran T et al. Chronic graft-versus-host disease and other late complications of bone marrow transplantation. Semin Hematol. 1991;28:250–259.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  157. Wyatt SE, Nunn P, Hows J.M., Yin J, Hayes M, Catovsky D, Gordon-Smith EC, Hughes JMB, Goldman JM, Galton DAG. Airways obstruction associated with graft-versus-host disease after bone marrow transplantation. Thorax 1984;39:887.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  158. Urbanski SJ, Kossakowska AE, Curtis J, Chan CK, Hutcheon MA, Hyland RH, Messner H, Minden M, Sculier J P. Idiopathic small airways pathology in patients with graft-versus-host disease following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Am J Surg Pathol. 1987;11:965.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. King TE, Jr. Overview of bronchiolitis. Clin Chest Med. 1993;14:607–610.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  160. Crawford SW, Clark JG. Bronchiolitis associated with bone marrow transplantation. Clin Chest Med. 1993;14:741–749.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  161. Cooper JD, Billingham M, Egan T, Hertz MI, Higenbottam T, Lynch J, Mauer J, Paradis I, Patterson GA, Smith C, et al. A working formulation for the standardization of nomenclature and for clinical staging of chronic dysfunction in lung allografts. International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant. 1993;12:713–716.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  162. Ooi GC, Peh WC, Ip M. High-resolution computed tomography of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after bone marrow transplantation. Respiration 1998;65:187–191.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  163. Bankier AA, Van Muylem A, Knoop C, Estenne M, Gevenois PA. Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome in heart-lung transplant recipients: diagnosis with expiratory CT. Radiology 2001;218:533–539.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  164. Beinert T, Dull T, Wolf K, Holler E, Vogelmeier C, Behr J, Kolb H. Late pulmonary impairment following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Eur J Med Res. 1996;1:343–348.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  165. Boehler A, Kesten S, Weder W, Speich R. Bronchiolitis obliterans after lung transplantation: a review. Chest 1998;114:1411–1426.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  166. Coker R, Laurent G. Pulmonary fibrosis: cytokines in the balance. Eu Respir J. 1998;11:1218–1221.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  167. Hogaboam CM, Smith RE, Kunkel SL. Dynamic interactions between lung fibroblasts and leukocytes: implications for fibrotic lung disease. Proc Assoc Am Physicians 1998;110:313–320.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. Belperio JA, Keane MP, Burdick MD, Lynch JP, 3rd, Xue YY, Berlin A, Ross DJ, Kunkel SL, Charo IF, Strieter RM 2001 Critical role for the chemokine MCP-1/CCR2 in the pathogenesis of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. J Clin Invest. 2001;108:547–556.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  169. Belperio JA, DiGiovine B, Keane MP, Burdick MD, Ying Xue Y, Ross DJ, Lynch JP, 3rd, Kunkel SL, Strieter RM 2002 Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist as a biomarker for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome in lung transplant recipients. Transplantation 2002;73:591–599.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  170. Elssner A, Jaumann F, Dobmann S, Behr J, Schwaiblmair M, Reichenspurner H, Furst H, Briegel J, Vogelmeier C. Elevated levels of Interleukin-8 and transforming growth factor-beta in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with bron-chiolitis obliterans syndrome: proinflammatory role of bronchial epithelial cells. Munich Lung Transplant Group. Transplantation 2000;70:362–367.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  171. Fattal-German M, Le Roy Ladurie F, Cerrina J, Lecerf F, Berrih-Aknin S. Expression and modulation of ICAM-1, TNF-alpha and RANTES in human alveolar macrophages from lung-transplant recipients in vitro. Transpl Immunol. 1998;6:183–192.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  172. Reynaud-Gaubert M, Thomas P, Gregoire R, Badier M, Cau P, Sampol J, Giudicelli R, Fuentes P. Clinical utility of bronchoalveolar lavage cell phenotypeanalyses in the postoperative monitoring of lung transplant recipients. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2002;21:60–66.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  173. Boehler A, Bai XH, Liu M, Cassivi S, Chamberlain D, Slutsky AS, Keshavjee S. Upregulation of T-helper 1 cytokines and chemokine expression in post-transplant airway obliteration. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;159:1910–1917.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  174. Boehler A, Chamberlain D, Xing Z, Slutsky AS, Jordana M, Gauldie J, Liu M, Keshavjee S. Adenovirus-mediated interleukin-10 gene transfer inhibits post-transplant fibrous airway obliteration in an animal model of bronchiolitis obliterans. Hum Gene Ther. 1998;9:541–551.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  175. Belperio JA, Burdick MD, Keane MP, Xue YY, Lynch JP, 3rd, Daugherty BL, Kunkel SL, Strieter RM. The role of the CC chemokine, RANTES, in acute lung allograft rejection. J Immunol. 2000;165:461–472.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  176. El-Gamel A, Sim E, Hasleton P, Hutchinson J, Yonan N, Egan J, Campbell C, Rahman A, Sheldon S, Deiraniya A, Hutchinson I. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) and obliterative bronchiolitis following pulmonary transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant. 1999;18:828–837.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  177. Glanville AR, Tazelaar HD, Theodore J, Imoto E, Rouse RV, Baldwin JC, Robin ED. The distribution of MHC class I and II antigens on bronchial epithelium. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989;139:330–334.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  178. Beaumont F, Schilizzi BM, Kallenberg CG, DeLey L. Expression of class II-MHC antigens on alveolar and bronchiolar epithelial cells in fibrosing alveolitis. Chest 1986;89:136.

    Google Scholar 

  179. Duncan SR, Valentine V, Roglic M, Elias DJ, Pekny KW, Theodore J, Kono DH, Theofilopoulos AN. T cell receptor biases and clonal proliferations among lung transplant recipients with obliterative bronchiolitis. J Clin Invest.1996;97:2642– 2650.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  180. Duncan SR, Leonard C, Theodore J, Lega M, Girgis RE, Rosen GD, Theofilopoulos AN. Oligoclonal CD4(+) T cell expansions in lung transplant recipients with obliterative bronchiolitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;165:1439–1444.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  181. Leonard CT, Soccal PM, Singer L, Berry GJ, Theodore J, Holt PG, Doyle RL, Rosen GD. Dendritic cells and macrophages in lung allografts: A role in chronic rejection? Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000;161:1349–1354.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  182. Ward C, Whitford H, Snell G, Bao H, Zheng L, Reid D, Williams TJ, Walters EH. Bronchoalveolar lavage macrophage and lymphocyte phenotypes in lung transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2001;20:1064–1074.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  183. Yamada A, Konishi K, Cruz GL, Takehara M, Morikawa M, Nakagawa I, Murakami M, Abe T, Todo S, Uede T. Blocking the CD28-B7 T-cell costimulatory pathway abrogates the development of obliterative bronchiolitis in a murine heterotopic airway model. Transplantation 2000;69:743–749.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  184. Szeto WY, Krasinskas AM, Kreisel D, Popma SH, Rosengard BR. Donor antigen-presenting cells are important in the development of obliterative airway disease. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2000;120:1070–1077.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  185. Lukacs NW, Hogaboam C, Chensue SW, Blease K, Kunkel SL. Type 1/type 2 cytokine paradigm and the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Chest 2001;120: 5S–8S.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  186. Selman M, King TE, Pardo A. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: prevailing and evolving hypotheses about its pathogenesis and implications for therapy. Ann Intern Med. 2001;134:136–151.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  187. Lynch III JP, Toews G. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. In Fishman AP, Elias JA, Fishman JA, Grippi MA, Kaiser LR, Senior RB (eds) Pulmonary Diseases and Disorders. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1998:1069–1084.

    Google Scholar 

  188. Takizawa H, Ohta K, Horiuchi T, Suzuki N, Ueda T, Yamaguchi M, Yamashita N, Ishii A, Suko M, Okudaira H et al. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis in athymic nude mice. Additional evidence of T cell dependency. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1992;146:479–484.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  189. Christensen PJ, Goodman RE, Pastoriza L, Moore B, Toews GB. Induction of lung fibrosis in the mouse by intratracheal instillation of fluorescein isothiocy-anate is not T-cell-dependent. Am J Pathol. 1999;155:1773–1779.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  190. Hogaboam CM, Blease K, Mehrad B, Steinhauser ML, Standiford TJ, Kunkel SL, Lukacs NW. Chronic airway hypereactivity, goblet cell hyperplasia, and peribronchial fibrosis during allergic airway disease induced by Aspergillus fumigatus. Am J Pathol. 2000;156:723–732.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  191. Selman M. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis challenges for the future. Chest 2001; 120:8–10.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  192. Crystal RG, Bitterman PB, Mossman B, Schwarz MI, Sheppard D, Almasy L, Chapman HA, Friedman SL, King TE, Jr., Leinwand LA, Liotta L, Martin GR, Schwartz DA, Schultz GS, Wagner CR, Musson RA. Future research directions in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: summary of a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute working group. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166:236–246.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  193. Pardo A, Selman M. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: new insights in its pathogenesis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2002;34:1534–1538.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  194. Zhang K, Rekhter MD, Gordon D, Phan SH. Myofibroblasts and their role in lung collagen gene expression during pulmonary fibrosis. A combined immunohisto-chemical and in situ hybridization study. Am J Pathol. 1994;145:114–125.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  195. Lukacs NW, Kunkel SL, Allen R, Evanoff HL, Shaklee CL, Sherman JS, Burdick MD, Strieter RM. Stimulus and cell-specific expression of C-X-C and C-C chemokines by pulmonary stromal cell populations. Am J Physiol. 1995;268:L856–861.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  196. Chensue SW, Warmington K, Ruth J, Lincoln P, Kuo MC, Kunkel SL. Cytokine responses during mycobacterial and schistosomal antigen-induced pulmonary granuloma formation. Production of Th1 and Th2 cytokines and relative contribution of tumor necrosis factor. Am J Pathol. 1994;145:1105–1113.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  197. Chen ES, Greenlee BS, Wills-Karp M, Moller DR. Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis is attenuated in Interferon-gamma knockout mice. Chest 2001;120 Suppl:8S.

    Google Scholar 

  198. Keane MP, Belperio JA, Burdick MD, Strieter RM. Interleukin-12 attenuates pulmonary fibrosis via induction of interferon-gamma. Chest 2001;120 Suppl:8S.

    Google Scholar 

  199. Huaux F, Liu T, McGarry B, Ullenbruch M, Phan SH. Dual Roles of IL-4 in Lung injury and fibrosis. J Immunol. 2003;170:2083–2092.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  200. Izbicki G, Or R, Christensen TG, Segel MJ, Fine A, Goldstein RH, Breuer R. Bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in IL-4-overexpressing and knockout mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2002;283:L1110–1116.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  201. Kapanci Y, Desmouliere A, Pache JC, Redard M, Gabbiani G. Cytoskeletal protein modulation in pulmonary alveolar myofibroblasts during idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Possible role of transforming growth factor beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995;152:2163–2169.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  202. Zhang Y, Lee TC, Guillemin B, Yu MC, Rom WN. Enhanced IL-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha release and messenger RNA expression in macrophages from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis or after asbestos exposure. J Immunol. 1993;150:4188–4196.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  203. Piguet PF, Ribaux C, Karpuz V, Grau GE, Kapanci Y. Expression and localization of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and its mRNA in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Pathol. 1993;143:651–655.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  204. Whyte M, Hubbard R, Meliconi R, Whidborne M, Eaton V, Bingle C, Timms J, Duff G, Facchini A, Pacilli A, Fabbri M, Hall I, Britton J, Johnston I, Di Giovine F. Increased risk of fibrosing alveolitis associated with interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene polymorphisms. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000;162:755–758.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  205. Piguet P, Collart M, Grau G, Kapanci Y, Vassalli P. Tumor necrosis factor/cachectin plays a key role in bleomycin-induced pneumopathy and fibrosis. J Exp Med. 1989;170:655–663.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  206. Ortiz L, Lasky J, Lungarella G, Cavarra E, Martorana P, Banks W, Peschon J, Schmidts H-L, Brody A, Friedman M. Upregulation of the p75 but not the p55 TNFa receptor mRNA after silica and bleomycin exposure and protectin from lung injury in double receptor knockout mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1999;20:825–833.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  207. Smith RE, Strieter RM, Phan SH, Lukacs N, Kunkel SL. TNF and IL-6 mediate MIP-1alpha expression in bleomycin-induced lung injury. J Leukoc Biol. 1998;64:528–536.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  208. Moore BB, Paine R, 3rd, Christensen PJ, Moore TA, Sitterding S, Ngan R, Wilke CA, Kuziel WA, Toews GB. Protection from pulmonary fibrosis in the absence of CCR2 signaling. J Immunol. 2001;167:4368–4377.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  209. Piguet P, Vesin C. Treatment by human recombinant soluble TNF receptor of pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin or silica in mice. Eur Respir J. 1994;7:515–518.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  210. Sime P, Marr R, Gauldie D, Xing Z, Hewlett B, Graham F, Gauldie J. Transfer of tumor necrosis factor-a to rat lung induces severe pulmonary inflammation and patchy interstitial fibrogenesis with induction of transforming growth factor-b1 and myofibroblasts. Am J of Pathol. 1998;153:825–832.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  211. Miyazaki Y, Araki K, Vesin C, Garcia I, Kapanci Y, Whitsett J, Piguet P-F, Vassalli P. Expression of a tumor necrosis factor-a transgene in murine lung causes lymphocytic and fibrosing alveolitis. J Clin Invest. 1995;96:250–259.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  212. Nakama K, Miyazaki Y, Nasu M. Immunophenotyping of lymphocytes in the lung interstitium and expression of osteopontin and interleukin-2 mRNAs in two different murine models of pulmonary fibrosis. Exp Lung Res. 1998;24:57–70.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  213. Trisolini R, Bandini G, Stanzani M, Chilosi M, Cancellieri A, Boaron M, Poletti V. Morphologic changes leading to bronchiolitis obliterans in a patient with delayed noninfectious lung disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2001;28:1167–1170.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  214. Selman M, Pardo A. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an epithelial/fibroblastic cross-talk disorder. Respir Res. 2002;3:3.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  215. Sumitomo M, Sakiyama S, Tanida N, Fukumoto T, Monden Y, Uyama T. Difference in cytokine production in acute and chronic rejection of rat lung allo-grafts. Transpl Int. 1996;9:S223–225.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  216. Christensen PJ, Rolfe MW, Standiford TJ, Burdick MD, Toews GB, Streiter RM. Characterization of the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and IL-8 in allogeneic immune response. J.Immunol. 1993;151:1205–1213.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  217. Antoniades HN, Neville-Golden J, Galanopoulos T, Kradin RL, Valente AJ, Graves DT. Expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 mRNA in human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1992;89:5371–5375.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  218. Iyonaga K, Takeya M, Saita N, Sakamoto O, Yoshimura T, Ando M, Takahashi K. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and other interstitial lung diseases. Hum Pathol. 1994;25:455–463.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  219. Standiford TJ, Rolfe MR, Kunkel SL, Lynch JP, 3rd, Becker FS, Orringer MB, Phan S, Strieter RM. Altered production and regulation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 from pulmonary fibroblasts isolated from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Chest 1993;103:121S.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  220. Rabitsch W, Deviatko E, Keil F, Herold C, Dekan G, Greinix HT, Lechner K, Klepetko W, Kalhs P. Successful lung transplantation for bronchiolitis obliterans after allogeneic marrow transplantation. Transplantation 2001;71:1341–1343.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  221. Payne L, Chan CK, Fyles G, Hyland RH, Bafundi P, Yeung M, Messner H. Cyclosporine as possible prophylaxis for obstructive airways disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Chest 1993;104:114–118.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  222. Whitford H, Walters EH, Levvey B, Kotsimbos T, Orsida B, Ward C, Pais M, Reid S, Williams T, Snell G. Addition of inhaled corticosteroids to systemic immuno-suppression after lung transplantation: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Transplantation 2002;73:1793–1799.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  223. Niden A, Koss MN, Boylen CT, Azizi N, Chan K. An open label pilot study to determine the potential efficacy of TNFR:Fc (Enbrel, etanercept) in the treatment of usual interstitial pneumonitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;165:A728.

    Google Scholar 

  224. Chiang KY, Abhyankar S, Bridges K, Godder K, Henslee-Downey JP. Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor receptor fusion protein as complementary treatment for chronic graft-versus-host disease. Transplantation 2002;73:665–667.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  225. Yanik GA, Uberti JP, Ferrara JLM., White ES, Hellerstedt BA, Standiford TJ, Cooke KR. Etanercept for subacute lung injury following allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Blood 2003;102: (suppl):471a.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Humana Press, a part of Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Cooke, K.R., Yanik, G. (2008). Lung Injury after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. In: Soiffer, R.J. (eds) Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Contemporary Hematology. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-438-4_22

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-438-4_22

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-934115-05-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59745-438-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics