This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Haskell WL, Lee IM, Pate RR, et al. Physical activity and public health. Updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Circulation 2007;116(9):1081–93.
Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Chatterjee K, et al. ACC/AHA 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Valvular Heart Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 1998 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Valvular Heart Disease): Developed in Collaboration with the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists: Endorsed by the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Circulation 2006;114:e84–231.
Bonow RO, Cheitlin MD, Crawford MH, Douglas PS. Task Force 3: valvular heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;45:1334–40.
Boulpaep EL. Integrated control of the cardiovascular system. In: Boron WF, Boulpaep EL, (ed.) Medical physiology: a cellular and molecular approach. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders, 2003, 2005:582–585.
Rassi A Jr, Crawford MH, Richards KL, Miller JF. Differing mechanisms of exercise flow augmentation at the mitral and aortic valves. Circulation 1988;77:543–51.
Stewart WJ, Jiang L, Mich R, Pandian N, Guerrero JL, Weyman AE. Variable effects of changes in flow rate through the aortic, pulmonary and mitral valves on valve area and flow velocity: impact on quantitative Doppler flow calculations. J Am Coll Cardiol 1985;6:653–62.
Fuster V, O'Rourke RA, Walsh RA, Poole-Wilson P. Hurst's The Heart. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 2008.
Pescatello LS, Fargo AE, Leach CN, Scherzer HH. Short-term effect of dynamic exercise on arterial blood pressure. Circulation 1991;85:1557.
Otto CM, Pearlman AS, Kraft CD, Miyake-Hull CY, Burwash IG, Gardner CJ. Physiologic changes with maximal exercise in asymptomatic valvular aortic stenosis assessed by Doppler echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992;20:1160–7.
Burwash IG, Pearlman AS, Kraft CD, Miyake-Hull C, Healy NL, Otto CM. Flow dependence of measures of aortic stenosis severity during exercise. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994;24:1342–50.
Johnson LL, Sciacca RR, Ellis K, Weiss MB, Cannon PJ. Reduced left ventricular myocardial blood flow per unit mass in aortic stenosis. Circulation 1978;57:582–90.
Vinten-Johansen J, Weiss HR. Oxygen consumption in subepicardial and subendocardial regions of the canine left ventricle. The effect of experimental acute valvular aortic stenosis. Circ Res 1980;46:139–45.
Marcus ML, Doty DB, Hiratzka LF, Wright CB, Eastham CL. Decreased coronary reserve: a mechanism for angina pectoris in patients with aortic stenosis and normal coronary arteries. N Engl J Med 1982;307:1362–6.
Bache RJ, Wang Y, Jorgensen CR. Hemodynamic effects of exercise in isolated valvular aortic stenosis. Circulation 1971;44:1003–13.
Burwash IG, Thomas DD, Sadahiro M, et al. Dependence of Gorlin formula and continuity equation valve areas on transvalvular volume flow rate in valvular aortic stenosis. Circulation 1994;89:827–35.
Ettinger PO, Frank MJ, Levinson GE. Hemodynamics at rest and during exercise in combined aortic stenosis and insufficiency. Circulation 1972;45:267–76.
deFilippi CR, Willett DL, Brickner ME, et al. Usefulness of dobutamine echocardiography in distinguishing severe from nonsevere valvular aortic stenosis in patients with depressed left ventricular function and low transvalvular gradients. Am J Cardiol 1995;75:191–4.
Martin TW, Moody JM Jr, Bird JJ, Slife D, Murgo JP. Effect of exercise on indices of valvular aortic stenosis. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn 1992;25:265–71.
Lin SS, Roger VL, Pascoe R, Seward JB, Pellikka PA. Dobutamine stress Doppler hemodynamics in patients with aortic stenosis: feasibility, safety, and surgical correlations. Am Heart J 1998;136:1010–6.
Otto CM, Burwash IG, Legget ME, et al. Prospective study of asymptomatic valvular aortic stenosis. Clinical, echocardiographic, and exercise predictors of outcome. Circulation 1997;95:2262–70.
Peidro R, Brion G, Angelino A. Exercise testing in asymptomatic aortic stenosis. Cardiology 2006;108:258–64.
Alborino D, Hoffmann JL, Fournet PC, Bloch A. Value of exercise testing to evaluate the indication for surgery in asymptomatic patients with valvular aortic stenosis. J Heart Valve Dis 2002;11:204–9.
Pierard LA, Lancellotti P. Stress testing in valve disease. Heart 2007;93:766–72.
Carabello BA. Aortic stenosis. N Engl J Med 2002;346:677–82.
Dehmer GJ, Firth BG, Hillis LD, et al. Alterations in left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction at rest and during exercise in patients with aortic regulation. Am J Cardiol 1981;48:17–27.
Thompson R, Ross I, Leslie P, Easthope R. Haemodynamic adaptation to exercise in asymptomatic patients with severe aortic regurgitation. Cardiovasc Res 1985;19:212–8.
Kawanishi D, McKay C, Chandraratna P, et al. Cardiovascular response to dynamic exercise in patients with chronic symptomatic mild-to-moderate and severe aortic regurgitation. Circulation 1986;73:62–72.
Bekeredjian R, Grayburn PA. Valvular heart disease: aortic regurgitation. Circulation 2005;112:125–34.
Rosendorff C. Essential Cardiology: Principles and Practice. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2005, p. 865.
Song JK, Kang DH, Lee CW, et al. Factors determining the exercise capacity in mitral stenosis. Am J Cardiol 1996;78:1060–2.
Wood P. Pulmonary hypertension with special reference to the vasoconstrictive factor. Br Heart J 1958;20:557–70.
Johnston DL, Kostuk WJ. Left and right ventricular function during symptom-limited exercise in patients with isolated mitral stenosis. Chest 1986;89:186–91.
Carabello BA. Modern management of mitral stenosis. Circulation 2005;112:432–7.
Kabukcu M, Arslantas E, Ates I, Demircioglu F, Ersel F. Clinical, echocardiographic, and hemodynamic characteristics of rheumatic mitral valve stenosis and atrial fibrillation. Angiology 2005;56:159–63.
Krasuski RA, Bush A, Kay JE, et al. C-reactive protein elevation independently influences the procedural success of percutaneous balloon mitral valve commissurotomy. Am Heart J 2003;146:1099–104.
Ueshima K, Myers J, Ribisl PM, et al. Hemodynamic determinants of exercise capacity in chronic atrial fibrillation. Am Heart J 1993;125:1301–5.
Alpert JS, Dalen JE, Rahimtoola SH. Valvular Heart Disease. Philadelphia: PA, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2000; p. 478.
Krasuski RA, Assar MD, Wang A, et al. Usefulness of percutaneous balloon mitral commissurotomy in preventing the development of atrial fibrillation in patients with mitral stenosis. Am J Cardiol 2004;93:936–9.
Voelker W, Berner A, Regele B, et al. Effect of exercise on valvular resistance in patients with mitral stenosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993;22:777–82.
Dahan M, Paillole C, Martin D, Gourgon R. Determinants of stroke volume response to exercise in patients with mitral stenosis: a Doppler echocardiographic study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993;21:384–9.
Voelker W, Karsch KR. Exercise Doppler echocardiography in conjunction with right heart catheterization for the assessment of mitral stenosis. Int J Sports Med 1996;17 (Suppl 3):S191–5.
Rahimtoola SH, Durairaj A, Mehra A, Nuno I. Current evaluation and management of patients with mitral stenosis. Circulation 2002;106:1183–8.
Otto CM. Clinical practice. Evaluation and management of chronic mitral regurgitation. N Engl J Med 2001;345:740–6.
Armstrong GP, Griffin BP. Exercise echocardiographic assessment in severe mitral regurgitation. Coron Artery Dis 2000;11:23–30.
Lancellotti P, Lebrun F, Pierard LA. Determinants of exercise-induced changes in mitral regurgitation in patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;42:1921–8.
Takano H, Adachi H, Ohshima S, Taniguchi K, Kurabayashi M. Functional mitral regurgitation during exercise in patients with heart failure. Circ J 2006;70:1563–7.
Madaric J, Watripont P, Bartunek J, et al. Effect of mitral valve repair on exercise tolerance in asymptomatic patients with organic mitral regurgitation. Am Heart J 2007;154:180–5.
Leung DY, Armstrong G, Griffin BP, Thomas JD, Marwick TH. Latent left ventricular dysfunction in patients with mitral regurgitation: feasibility of measuring diminished contractile reserve from a simplified model of noninvasively derived left ventricular pressure-volume loops. Am Heart J 1999;137:427–34.
Ikkos D, Jonsson B, Linderholm H. Effect of exercise in pulmonary stenosis with intact ventricular septum. Br Heart J 1966;28:316–30.
Driscoll DJ, Wolfe RR, Gersony WM, et al. Cardiorespiratory responses to exercise of patients with aortic stenosis, pulmonary stenosis, and ventricular septal defect. Circulation 1993;87:I102–13.
Krabill KA, Wang Y, Einzig S, Moller JH. Rest and exercise hemodynamics in pulmonary stenosis: comparison of children and adults. Am J Cardiol 1985;56:360–5.
Steinberger J, Moller JH. Exercise testing in children with pulmonary valvar stenosis. Pediatr Cardiol 1999;20:27,31; discussion 32.
Bouzas B, Kilner PJ, Gatzoulis MA. Pulmonary regurgitation: not a benign lesion. Eur Heart J 2005;26:433–9.
Roest AA, Helbing WA, Kunz P, et al. Exercise MR imaging in the assessment of pulmonary regurgitation and biventricular function in patients after tetralogy of Fallot repair. Radiology 2002;223:204–11.
Cumming GR. Maximal supine exercise haemodynamics after open heart surgery for Fallot's tetralogy. Br Heart J 1979;41:683–91.
Jonsson H, Ivert T, Jonasson R, Holmgren A, Bjork VO. Work capacity and central hemodynamics thirteen to twenty-six years after repair of tetralogy of Fallot. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1995;110:416–26.
Braverman AC, Guven H, Beardslee MA, Makan M, Kates AM, Moon MR. The bicuspid aortic valve. Curr Probl Cardiol 2005;30:470–522.
Svensson LG, Kim KH, Lytle BW, Cosgrove DM. Relationship of aortic cross-sectional area to height ratio and the risk of aortic dissection in patients with bicuspid aortic valves. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003;126:892–3.
Maron BJ, Ackerman MJ, Nishimura RA, Pyeritz RE, Towbin JA, Udelson JE. Task Force 4: HCM and other cardiomyopathies, mitral valve prolapse, myocarditis, and Marfan syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;45:1340–5.
Goldman L, Caldera DL, Nussbaum SR, et al. Multifactorial index of cardiac risk in noncardiac surgical procedures. N Engl J Med 1977;297:845–50.
Detsky AS, Abrams HB, Forbath N, Scott JG, Hilliard JR. Cardiac assessment for patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. A multifactorial clinical risk index. Arch Intern Med 1986;146:2131–4.
Eagle KA, Brundage BH, Chaitman BR, et al. Guidelines for perioperative cardiovascular evaluation for noncardiac surgery. Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Committee on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery. Circulation 1996;93:1278–317.
Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Zipes DP. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders, 2007.
Christ M, Sharkova Y, Geldner G, Maisch B. Preoperative and perioperative care for patients with suspected or established aortic stenosis facing noncardiac surgery. Chest 2005;128:2944–53.
Fleisher LA, Beckman JA, Brown KA, et al. ACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Care for Noncardiac Surgery: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery): Developed in Collaboration With the American Society of Echocardiography, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Heart Rhythm Society, Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society for Vascular Medicine and Biology, and Society for Vascular Surgery. Circulation 2007;116:1971.
Kertai MD, Bountioukos M, Boersma E, et al. Aortic stenosis: an underestimated risk factor for perioperative complications in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. Am J Med 2004;116:8–13.
Rohde LE, Polanczyk CA, Goldman L, Cook EF, Lee RT, Lee TH. Usefulness of transthoracic echocardiography as a tool for risk stratification of patients undergoing major noncardiac surgery. Am J Cardiolz 2001;87:505–9.
Torsher LC, Shub C, Rettke SR, Brown DL. Risk of patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing noncardiac surgery. Am J Cardiol 1998;81:448–52.
O'Keefe JH Jr, Shub C, Rettke SR. Risk of noncardiac surgical procedures in patients with aortic stenosis. Mayo Clin Proc 1989;64:400–5.
Raymer K, Yang H. Patients with aortic stenosis: cardiac complications in non-cardiac surgery. Can J Anaesth 1998;45:855–9.
Wang A, Harrison JK, Bashore TM. Balloon aortic valvuloplasty. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 1997;40:27–36.
Evangelista A, Tornos P, Sambola A, Permanyer-Miralda G, Soler-Soler J. Long-term vasodilator therapy in patients with severe aortic regurgitation. N Engl J Med 2005;353:1342–9.
Potyk D, Raudaskoski P. Preoperative cardiac evaluation for elective noncardiac surgery. Arch Fam Med 1998;7:164–73.
Barash PG, Cullen BF, Stoelting RK. Clinical Anesthesia 5th Edition. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006;1:1595.
Reyes VP, Raju BS, Wynne J, et al. Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty compared with open surgical commissurotomy for mitral stenosis. N Engl J Med 1994;331:961–7.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Humana Press, a part of Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hart, S.A., Krasuski, R.A. (2009). Exercise and Noncardiac Surgery in Valvular Heart Disease. In: Wang, A., Bashore, T. (eds) Valvular Heart Disease. Contemporary Cardiology. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-411-7_22
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-411-7_22
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-982-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-59745-411-7
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)