Skip to main content

Nutrition and Supplements for Pain Management

  • Chapter
Integrative Pain Medicine

Part of the book series: Contemporary Pain Medicine ((CPM))

summary

This chapter discusses dietary guidelines and nutritional supplements that have been proven to be beneficial in the treatment of pain. First, a strong foundational diet is presented, including anti-inflammatory ingredients. Next, several key supplements that are helpful for pain conditions are discussed. The chapter is completed with a discussion of some of the most common chronic pain conditions, with specific dietary guidelines and nutritional supplement selections for each condition.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Reference

  1. Nahleh Z, Tabbara IA. Complementary and alternative medicine in breast cancer patients. Palliat Support Care 2003;1(3):267–273.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. DeAngelis CD. Pain Management JAMA 2003;290(18):2480–2481.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Dillard JN, Knapp S. Complementary and alternative pain therapy in the emergency department. Emerg Med Clin North Am 2005;23(2):529–549.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/f-w00/flavonoid.html.

    Google Scholar 

  5. https://www.amsa.org/healingthehealer/antiinflam.cfm.

    Google Scholar 

  6. https://www.wholehealthmd.com.

    Google Scholar 

  7. liev E, Tsankov N, Broshtilova V. Omega-3 omega-6 fatty acids in the improvement of psoriatic symptoms. Semin Integrative Med 2003;1(4):211–214.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Capodice JL, Bemis DL, Buttyan R, Kaplan SA, Katz AE. Complementary and alternative medicine for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2005;2(4):495–501.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Plotnikoff GA, Quigley JM. Prevalence of severe hypovitaminosis D in patients with persistent, nonspecific musculoskeletal pain. Mayo Clin Proc 2003;78:1463–1470.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. People with undetermined muscle/bone pain tend to be severely vitamin D deficient. Public release: 9 Dec 2003. Minneapolis, St. Paul. Contact: ashleyb@umn.edu, University of Minnesota.

    Google Scholar 

  11. http://www.intelihealth.com B-vitamins prove effective in relieving chronic pain. April 10, 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Zhang J, Song X, LaMotte R. Enhanced excitability of sensory neurons in rats with cutaneous hyperalgesia produced by chronic compression of the dorsal root ganglion. J Neurophysiol 1999;82:3359–3370

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Medina-Santillan R, Reyes-Garcia G, Rocha-Gonzalez HI, Granados-Soto V. B vitamins increase the analgesic effect of ketorolac in the formalin test in the rat. Proc West Pharmacol Soc 2004;47:95–99.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Balch PA, Balch JF. 2000. Prescription For Nutritional Healing. Third edition. New York: Penguin Putnam, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Compston J. Bone densitometry in clinical practice. BMJ 1995;310:1570.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Tussig SJ, Batkin S. Bromelaine, the enzyme complex of pineapple and its clinical application. An update. J Ethonopharm 1988;22:191–203.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Masson M. Bromelaine in the treatment of blunt injuries to the musculoskeletal system. A case observation by an orthopedic surgeon in private practice. Fortschr Med 1995;133:330–336.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Seligman B. Bromelaine. An anti–inflammatory agent. Angiology 1962;13:508–510.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Hunter RG, Hebry GW, Henicke RM. The action of papain and bromelin on the uterus. Am J Obgyn 1957;73:887–880.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Seligman B. Oral bromelaines as adjuncts in treatment of acute thrombophlebitis. Angilogy 1969;20:22–26.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Moskowitz RW. Role of collagen hydrolyzed in bone and joint disease. Semin Arthritis Rehum 2000;30(2):87–99.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Snowden JM. The stabilization of in vivo assembled collagen fibrils by proteoglycans/glycosaminoglycans. Biochem Biophysics Acta 1982;703(1):21–25.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. McCarthy GM, McCarty DJ. Effect of topical capsaicin in the therapy of painful osteoarthritis of the hands. J Rheumatol 1992;19:604–607.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Visudhiphan S, Poolsuppasit S, Piboonnukarintr. The relationship between high fibrinolytic activity and daily capsicum ingestion in Thais. Am J Clin Nutr 1982;35:1452–1458.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Horowitz M, Wishart J, Maddox A. The effect of chili on gastrointestinal transit. J Gasterol Hepatol 1992;7:52–56.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Nelson C. Heal the burn. Pepper and lasers in cancer pain therapy. J Nat Canc Inst 1994;86:1381.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Pfeiffer MA, Ross DR, Scharge JP. A highly successful and novel model for treatment of chronic painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Diabetes Car 1993;16:1003–1115.

    Google Scholar 

  28. The Capsaicin Study Group. Effect of treatment with capsaicin on daily activities of patients with painful diabetic neuropathy. Diabetic Care 1992;15:159–165.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Ellis CN, Berberian B, Sulica VI. A double blind evaluation of topical capsaicin in puritic psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1993;29:438–442.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Bjerring P, Arendt-Nielsen L, Soderberg U. Argon laser induced cutaneous sensory and pain thresholds in post herpetic neuralgia. Quantitative modulation by topical capsaicin. Acta Derm Venereol 1990;70:121–125.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Piekert A, Hentrich M, Ochs G. Topical 0.025% capsaicin in chronic post herpetic neuralgia. Efficacy, predictors of response and long term course. J Neurol 1991;238:452–256.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Fusco BM, Alessandri M. Analgesic effect of capsaicin in idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia. Aneth Analg 1992;51:365–379.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Garg AK, Berg RA, Silver FH, Garg HG. Effect of proteolysis on type 1 collagen fiber formation. Bio Mater 1989;10(6):413–419.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Mazieres B, Combre B, Phan Van A, Tondut J, Grynfelt M. Chondroitin sulfate in osteoarthritis of the knee: a prospective, double blind, placebo controlled multi-center clinical study. J Rheumatol 2001;28(1):173–181.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Diehl HW, Fletcher HG. A simplified preparation of 2–deoxy-d-ribose based on treatment of a d-glucose monohydrate with solid calcium hydroxide. Archiv Biochem Biophys 1958;78(2).

    Google Scholar 

  36. Diehl HW. Cetyl myristoleate. U.S. Patent #4,049,824.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Murray MT. 1996. Encyclopedia of Nutritional Supplements. Rocklin, CA: Prima Publishing, 237.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Siemandi H. The effect of cis-9-cetyl myristoleate (CMO) and adjunctive therapy on arthritis and auto-immune disease: a randomized trial. Townsend Lett Doctors Patients 1997;(Aug/Sept):58–63.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Diehl HW, May EL. Cetyl myristoleate isolated from Swiss albino mice: an apparent protective agent against adjuvant arthritis in rats. J Pharm Sci 1994;83(3):296–299.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Diehl HW. Method for the treatment of osteoarthritis. U.S. Patent #5,569,676.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Sobel D, Klein AC. Arthritis: What Works. New York: St. Martins Press, pp 221–225.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Diehl HW. Method of treating rheumatoid arthritis. U.S. Patent #4,113,881.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Srimal R, Dhawan B. Pharmacology of diferuloyl methane (cucurmin), as non steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. J Pharm Pharmac 1973;25:447–452.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Satoskar RR, Shah SJ, Shenoy SG. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory property of cucurmin (diferuloyl methane) in patients with post-operative inflammation. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1986;24:651–654.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Deodhar SD, Sethi R, Srimal RC. Preliminary studies on anti-rheumatic activity of cucurmin diferuloyl methane. Int J Med Res 1980;71:632–634.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Davidson, P. 1985. Are You Sure It’s Arthritis? New York: Macmillan Publishing Co.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Walker, L. 1998. Nature’s Pharmacy. Paramus, NJ: Reward Books.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Wegener T, Lupke NP. Treatment of patients with arthrosis of hip or knee with aqueous extract of Devil’s Claw. Phytother Res 2003;17(10):1165–1172.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Altman RD, Marcussen KC. Effects of a ginger extract on knee pain in patients with osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2001;44(11):2531.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Onogi T, Minami M, Kurhaishi Y, Staoh M. Capsaicin-like effect of 6-shagoal on substance P containing primary afferents of rats. A possible mechanism of its analgesic action. Neuropharmacology 1992;31:1165–1169.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Al Yahya MA, Rafatullah S, Moss JS. Gastro protective activity of ginger, zingiber officinale rosc., in albino rats. Am J Chin Med 1989;17:51–56.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Yamaha J, Mochizuki M, Rong HQ. The anti-ulcer effect in rats of ginger constituents. J Ethnopharmacol 1988;23:299–304.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Braham R, Dawson B, Goodman C. The effect of glucosamine supplementation on people experiencing regular knee pain. Br J Sports Med 2003;37(1):45–49.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Bruyere O, Palvelka K, Rovati LC, Deroisy R, Olejarova M, Gatterova J, Glacovelli G, Reginster JY. Glucosamine sulfate reduces osteoarthritis progression in postmenopausal women with knee osteoarthritis: Evidence from two 3-year studies. Menopause 2004;11(2):138–143.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Drovanti A, Bignamini AA. Rovati Al. Therapeutic activity of oral glucosamine sulfate in osteoarthritis. A placebo controlled double blind investigation. Clin Ther 1980;3:260–272.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Lippiello L. Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate: biological response modifiers of chondrocytes under simulated conditions of joint stress. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2003;11(5):335–342.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Muller-Fass Bender H, Bach GL, Haase W. Glucosamine sulfate compared to ibuprofen in osteoartritis of the knee. Osteoartritis Cartilage 1994;2:61–69.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Noack W, Fischers M, Foster KK. Glucosamine sulfate in osteoarthritis of the knee. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 1994;2:51–59.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Philippi AF, Leffler SG, Mosure JC, Kim PD. Glucosamine, chondroitin and manganese ascorbate for degenerative joint disease of the knee or low back: a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled pilot study. Mil Med 1999;164(2):85–91.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Zupanets JA, Benzdetto NV, Dedukh NV, OStrishko JA. Experimental study of the effect of glucosamine hydrochloride on metabolic and repair processes in connective tissue structures. Eksp Klin Farmakol 2002;65(6):67–69.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Peyron JG. Intraarticular hyaluronan injections in the treatment of osteoarthritis: state-of-the-art review. J Rheumatol Suppl 1993;39:10–15.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Rosner IA, Boja BA, Malemud CJ, Moskowitz RW, Goldberg VM. Intraarticular hyaluronic acid injection and synovial prostaglandins in experimental immune synovitis. J Rheumatol 1983;10(1): 71–78.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Bunyaratavej N, Chan KM, Subramanian N. Treatment of painful osteoarthritis of the knee with hyaluronic acid. Results of a multicenter Asian study. J Med Assoc Thai 2001;84(Suppl 2): S576—S581.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Jubb RW, Piva S, Beinat L, Dacre J, Gishen P. A one-year, randomized, placebo (saline) controlled clinical trial of 500–730 kDa sodium hyaluronate (Hyalgan) on the radiological change in osteoarthritis of the knee. Int J Clin Pract 2003;57(6):467–74.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. McHughes M, Lipman AG. Managing osteoarthritis pain when your patient fails simple analgesics and NSAIDs and is not a candidate for surgery. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2006;8(1):22–29.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Novaes AC, Schaiquevich P, Nasswetter G; The Latin American Group of Quality of Life in Rheumatology. Multicenter study of hyaluronic acid obtained by biotechnology to evaluate clinical efficacy and safety in knee osteoarthritis. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res 2005;25(1):1–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Herschler RJ. Methysulfonylmethane in dietary products. United States Patent No: 4,616,039; October 7, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Barrager E, Veltman JR, Schauss AG, Schiller RN. A multicentered open label trial on the safety and efficacy of methylsulfonylmethane in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. J Altern Complement Med 2002;8:167–174.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Lawrence RM. MSM (Methysulfonylmethane): A double blind study of its use in degenerative arthritis. Int J Anti Aging Med 1998;1(1):50.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Emery P, Bradley H, Gough A. Increased prevalence of poor sulphoxidation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: effect of changes in acute phase response and second line drug treatment. Ann Rheum Dis 1992;51:318–320.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Herschler RJ. Use of methysulfonylmethane to relieve pain and nocturnal cramps and to reduce stress induced deaths in animals. United States patent No 4,973,605; November 27, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Hovarth K, Noker PE, Somfai-Relle S. Toxicity of methysulfonylmethane in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2002;40:1459–1462.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Kragballe K, Fogh K. A low fat diet supplemented with dietary fish oil (max EPA) results in improvement of psoriasis and in formation of leukotriene B5. Acta Derm Venereol 1989;69:23–28.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Lorenz R, Spengler U, Fisher S. Platelet function, thromboxane formation and blood pressure control during supplementation of the Western diet with cod liver oil. Circulation 1983;67:504–511.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Myerburg RJ. Epidemiology of ventricular tachycardia /ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1986;9:1334–1338.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Neutse JM, Starling MB. Fish oil and coronary heart disease. NZ Med J 1986;99:583–585.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Solomon SA. A placebo-controlled, double blind study of eicosapentaenoic acid-rich fish oil in patients with stable angina pectoris. Curr Med Res Opinion 1990;12:1–10.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Sperling RI. Dietary omega-3 fatty acids. Effect of lipid mediator on inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 1991;17:373–389.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Crolle G, D’Este E. Glocosamine sulfate and management of arthrosis; A controlled clinical investigation. Curr Med Res Opin 1980;7:104–109.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Drovanti A, Bignamini AA, Rovati AL. Therapeutic activity or oral glucosamine in outpatients with arthrosis. Clin Ther 1981;3:260–272.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Noak W. Glucosamine sulfate in osteoarthritis of the knee. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 1994;2: 51–59.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Setnikar I, Palimbo R, Canali S. Pharmacokinetics of glucosamine in man. Arzneim Forsch 1993;453:1109–1113.

    Google Scholar 

  83. Schwartz ER. The modulation of osteoartritic development by vitamin C and E. Int J Vit Nutr Res Suppl 1984;26:141–146.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Konig B. A long term (two year) clinical trial with S-adenosylmethyonine for treatment of osteoarthritis. Am J Med 1987;83:89–94.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Muller-Fasbender H. Double blind clinical trial of S-adenosylmethyonine versus ibuprofen in treatment of osteoarthritis. Am J Med 1987;83:81–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  86. A report from the General Practitioner Research Group. Calcium pantothenate in arthritis conditions. Pract 1980;224:208–211.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Anand JC. Osteoartritis and pantothenic acid. J Coll Gen Pract 1963;5:136–137.

    Google Scholar 

  88. Anand JC. Osteoarthritis and pantothenic acid. Lancet 1963;ii:1168.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Kulkani RR, Patki PS, Jog VP. Treatment of osteoarthritis with a herbomineral formulation. A double blind, placebo controlled, cross over study. J Enthopaharmacol 1991;33:92–95.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Benner JC, Plum F, Eds. 1996. Cecil Textbook of Medicine. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, pp 1459–1466.

    Google Scholar 

  91. General Practitioner Research Group. Practitioner 1980;224:208–211.

    Google Scholar 

  92. McCrae F, Veerapen K, Dieppe P. Diet and arthritis. Practitioner 1986;230:359–361.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Buchanan HM, Preston SJ, Brooks PM. Is diet important in rheumatoid arthritis? Br J Rheumatol 1991;30:125–134.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Darlington LG, Ramsey NW, Mansfield JR. Placebo-controlled, blind study of dietary manipulation therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 1986;i:236–238.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  95. Hicklin JA, McEwen LM, Morgan JE. The effect of diet in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Allergy 1980;10:463–467.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  96. Kejdsen-Kragh J. Controlled trial of fasting and one year vegetarian diet in rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 1991;338:899–902.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  97. Tarp U, Overvad K, Thorling EB. Selenium treatment in rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 1984;53:103.

    Google Scholar 

  98. Herger I. Enzyme therapy in multiple rheumatoid diseases. Therapieoche 1983;33:3948–3957.

    Google Scholar 

  99. Taussig S, Batkin S. Bromelaine: the enzyme complex of pineapple (Ananas comosus) and its clinical application. An update. J Ethonopharmacol 1988;22:191–203.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Abraham G. Nutritional factors in the etiology of the premenstrual tension syndromes. J Reprod Med 1983;28:446–464.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Banhart KT, Freeman EW, Sondheimer SJ. A clinician’s guide to the premenstrual syndrome. Med Clin North Am 1995;79:1457–1472.

    Google Scholar 

  102. Collins A, Landgren BM. Essential fatty acids in treatment of premenstural syndrome. Acta Obstet Gynecol 1993;81:93–98.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Piesse JW. Nutritional factors in the premenstrual syndrome. Int Clin Nutr Rev 1984;4:54–81. (b) Piesse JW. Nutritional factors in the premenstrual syndrome. Int Clin Nutr Rev 1984;4:54–81.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Dinnerstein L. Progesterone treatment of premenstrual syndrome. A double blind cross over trial. Br Med J 1985;290:1617–1621.

    Google Scholar 

  105. Facchinetti F, Nppi G, Petralgia F. Oestradiol/progesterone imbalance and the premenstrual syndrome. Lancet 1983;2:1302.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Harada M, Suzuki M, Ozzaki Y. Effect of Japanese Anglica root and peony root on uterine contraction in the rabbit in situ. J Pharm Dyn 1984;7:304–311.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Klienjnen J, Ter Riet G, Knipschild P. Vitamine B6 in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome – a review. Br J Obstet Gynacol 1990;97:847–852.

    Google Scholar 

  108. Yoshiro K. The physiology actions of tang kuei and cenidium. Bull Oriental Healing Arts Inst USA 1985;10:269–278.

    Google Scholar 

  109. Brandi ML. New treatment strategies. Irpiflavone, strontium, vitamin D metabolites and analogs. Am J Med 1993;95(suppl 5A):69S–74S.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Block G. Dietary guidelines and results of food consumption surveys. Am J Clin Nutr 1991;53: 356S–357S.

    Google Scholar 

  111. Mazzatiegos-Ramos E, Guerrero-Romero F, Rodriguez-Moran M. Consumption of soft drinks with phosphoric acid as risk factor for the development of hypocalcaemia in children: a case control study. J Pediatric 1995;126:940–942.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  112. Carr CJ, Shangraw RF. Nutritional and pharmaceutical aspects of calcium supplementation. Am Pharm 1987;27:49–57.

    Google Scholar 

  113. Saltman PD, Strausse LG. The role of trace minerals in osteoporosis. J Am Coll Nutr 1993;4: 384–389.

    Google Scholar 

  114. Rude RK, Adams JS, Ryzen E. Low serum concentration of 1,25–dihydroxyvitamin D in human magnesium deficiency. J Clin Endo Metabol 1985;61:933–940.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Brattstorm LE, Hultberg BL, Hardebo JE. Folic acid responsive postmenopausal homocysteinemia. Metabolism 1985;34:1073–1077.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  116. Agnisdei D, Crepaldi G, Isaia G. A double blind, placebo controlled trial of ipriflavone for prevention of post menopausal spinal bone loss. Calcif Tissue Int 1997;61:142–147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  117. Fessenden RJ, Fessenden JS. The biological properties of silicon compounds. Adv Drug Res 1987;4:95.

    Google Scholar 

  118. Holmes K, Eschenbach D, Knapp J. Salpingitis: overview of etiology and epidemiology. Am J Ob Gyn 1980;138:893–900.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Hemsell D, Heard M, Nobles B. Single agent therapy for women with acute polymicrobial pelvic infections. Am J Obstet Gyn 1987;157:488–490.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Mattingly R. Office management of acute pelvic and urinary tract infections. Clin Obstet Gyn 1962;5:275–285.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Trehearne JD, Ripa KT, Mardh PA. Antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis in acute salpingitis. Br J Vener Dis 1979;55:26–29.

    Google Scholar 

  122. Eschenbach D, Buchanan T, Pollock H. Polymicrobial etiology of acute pelvic inflammatory disease. Am J Obstet Gyn 1975;122:166–177.

    Google Scholar 

  123. Burnham RC. Therapy for acute pelvic inflammatory disease. A critique of recent treatment trials. Am J Obstet Gyn 1984;148:235–240.

    Google Scholar 

  124. Gelhorm G. Diathermy in gynecology. JAMA 1982;Mar:1005–1008.

    Google Scholar 

  125. Ramadan NM, Halvorson H, Vande-Linde A. Low brain magnesium in migraine. Headache 1989;29:590–593.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Mauskop A, Altura BT, Cracco RQ. Intravenous magnesium sulfate rapidly alleviates headaches of various types. Headache 1996;36:154–160.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Pfaffenrath V, Wessely P, Meyer C. Magnesium in the prophylaxis of migraine; A double blind placebo controlled study. Cephalgia 1996;16:436–440.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Benson H. 1975. The Relaxation Response. William Morrow.

    Google Scholar 

  129. Komaroff AL, Goldenberg D. The chronic fatigue syndrome: definition, current studies and lessons for fibromyalgia research. J Rheumatol 1989;16:23–27.

    Google Scholar 

  130. Buchwald D, Garrity DL. Comparison of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia and multiple chemical sensitivities. Arch Int Med 1994;154:2049–2053.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Shafran SD. The chronic fatigue syndrome. Am J Med 1991;90:731–739.

    Google Scholar 

  132. Kyle DV, Deshazo RD. Chronic fatigue syndrome. A conundrum. Am J Med Sci 1992;303:28–34.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Wolfe F. ACR 1990 criteria for FMS. Arthritis Rheum 1990;33:160–172.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Holmes GP, Kaplan J, Gantz N. Chronic fatigue syndrome: a working case definition. Ann Intern Med 1988;108:387–389.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Gold M, Pottash A, Extein I. Hypothyroidism and depression, evidence from complete thyroid function evaluation. JAMA 1981;245:1919–1922.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Demitrack MA. Evidence for impaired activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991;73:1224–1234.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Komaroff AL. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: relationship to chronic viral infections. J Virol Meth 1988;21:3–10.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Starus SE, Tosato G, Amstrong G. Persisting illness and fatigue in adults with evidence of Epstein–Barr virus infection. Ann Intern Med 1985;102:7–16.

    Google Scholar 

  139. Holmes GP, Kaplan J, Stewart J. A cluster of patients with a chronic mononucleosis-like syndrome. Is Epstein–Barr virus the cause? JAMA 1987;257:2297–2302.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Caligiuri M, Murray C, Buchwald D. Phenotypic and fictional deficiency of natural killer cells in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. J Immunol 1987;139:3306–3313.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. Greden JF, Fontaine P, Lubetsky M. Anxiety and depression associated with caffeine among psychiatric inpatients. Is J Psychiatry 1978;135;963–966.

    Google Scholar 

  142. Cox IM, Campbell MJ, Dowson D. Red blood cell magnesium and chronic fatigue syndrome. Lancet 1991;337;757–760.

    Google Scholar 

  143. Gullestad L, Oustein, Dolve L, Birkeland K. Oral versus intravenous magnesium supplementation in patients with magnesium deficiency. Magnes Trace Elem 1991;10:11–16.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. Linberg JS, Zobitz MM, Poindexter JR. Magnesium bioavailability from magnesium citrate and magnesium oxide. J Am Coll Nutr 1990;9:48–55.

    Google Scholar 

  145. Flatiron MA, Morley JE, Bloom ET. The effect of exercise on natural killer cells activity in young and old subjects. J Gerontol 1989;44:37–45.

    Google Scholar 

  146. Fitzgerald L. Exercise and the immune system. Immunol Today 1988;9:337–339.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. Bland JS, Barrager E, Reedy RG, Bland K. A medical food supplemented detoxification program in the management of chronic health problems. Altern Ther 1995;1:62–71.

    Google Scholar 

  148. Rigden S. Entero-hepatic resuscitation program for CFIDS. CFIDS Chron 1995;Spring:46–49.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Humana Press

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Sulindro-Ma, M., Ivy, C.L., Isenhart, A.C. (2008). Nutrition and Supplements for Pain Management. In: Audette, J.F., Bailey, A. (eds) Integrative Pain Medicine. Contemporary Pain Medicine. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-344-8_19

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-344-8_19

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-786-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59745-344-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics