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Engineering Oncolytic Measles Viruses for Targeted Cancer Therapy

  • Chapter
Molecular Targeting in Oncology

Part of the book series: Cancer Drug Discovery and Development ((CDD&D))

Summary

Many viruses are capable of destructive propagation in tumors. The goal of cancer virotherapy is to harness this destructive power to selectively destroy tumors without causing damage to normal tissues. Compared with normal tissues, tumors are more highly permissive for virus propagation because they fail to shut down protein synthesis in response to virus infection and do not readily undergo apoptosis. Additional oncolytic specificity can be achieved by engineering viruses such that their life cycles become dependent on a factor or factors supplied exclusively by tumor cells. One such strategy is transductional targeting whereby the virus is modified such that its attachment and entry are redirected through a receptor unique to the tumor cells. The two key components of transductional targeting are incorporation of functional polypeptide ligands into the virus coat and ablation of natural receptor tropisms. Available polypeptide ligands include short peptides, single-domain growth factors and cytokines, and two-domain single-chain antibodies that have higher affinities and more versatile binding specificities than short peptide ligands but more stringent folding requirements such that they can be displayed only as fusions to the surface glycoproteins of enveloped viruses. Unfortunately, for many of the viruses that have been tested, retargeted attachment fails to mediate efficient virus entry through the targeted receptor. Oncolytic measles virus (MV) provides a notable exception to this rule—not only can this virus tolerate the insertion of a wide variety of polypeptide ligands as C-terminal extensions of its attachment glycoprotein, but retargeted virus attachment usually leads to efficient virus entry through the targeted receptor. A versatile system has therefore been developed for the construction, rescue, and amplification of fully retargeted oncolytic MVs, and studies are currently underway to determine the value of transductional targeting using these agents in a variety of cancer therapy models.

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Authors
  1. Takafumi Nakamura PhD
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  2. Stephen J. Russell MD, PhD
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Surgical Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY

    Howard L. Kaufman

  2. Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College Cornell University, New York, NY

    Scott Wadler

  3. Boston University Medical Campus Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA

    Karen Antman

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Nakamura, T., Russell, S.J. (2008). Engineering Oncolytic Measles Viruses for Targeted Cancer Therapy. In: Kaufman, H.L., Wadler, S., Antman, K. (eds) Molecular Targeting in Oncology. Cancer Drug Discovery and Development. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-337-0_18

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-337-0_18

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