Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Antifungal Agents

  • Chapter
Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Mycoses

Part of the book series: Infectious Disease ((ID))

  • 1437 Accesses

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Maertens JA. History of the development of azole derivatives. Clin Microbiol Infect 2004;10 (Suppl 1):1–10.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Pfaller MA, Diekema DJ, Messer SA, Boyken L, Hollis RJ, Jones RN. In vitro susceptibilities of rare Candida bloodstream isolates to ravuconazole and three comparative antifungal agents. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2004;48:101–105.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Denning DW. Echinocandin antifungal drugs. Lancet 2003;362:1142–1151.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Odds FC, Brown AJ, Gow NA. Antifungal agents: mechanisms of action. Trends Microbiol 2003;11:272–279.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Groll AH, Piscitelli SC, Walsh TJ. Clinical pharmacology of systemic antifungal agents: a comprehensive review of agents in clinical use, current investigational compounds, and putative targets for antifungal drug development. Adv Pharmacol 1998;44:343–500.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Kurtz MB, Rex JH. Glucan synthase inhibitors as antifungal agents. Adv Protein Chem 2001;56:423–475.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Sheehan DJ, Hitchcock CA, Sibley CM. Current and emerging azole antifungal agents. Clin Microbiol Rev 1999;12:40–79.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Gubbins PO, McConnell SA, Penzak SR. Antifungal agents. In: Piscitelli SC, Rodvold KA, eds. Drug interactions in infectious diseases. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2001:185–217.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Denning DW. Echinocandin antifungal drugs. Lancet 2003;362:1142–1151.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Hector RF. Compounds active against cell walls of medically important fungi. Clin Microbiol Rev 1993;6:1–21.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Kurtz MB, Heath IB, Marrinan J, Dreikorn S, Onishi J, Douglas C. Morphological effects of lipopeptides against Aspergillus fumigatus correlate with activities against (1,3)-beta-D-glucan synthase. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1994;38:1480–1489.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. White TC. Mechanisms of resistance to antifungal agents. In: Murray PR, Baron EJ, Jorgensen JH, Pfaller MA, Yolken RH, eds. Manual of clinical microbiology. 8th Ed. Washington, DC: ASM Press, 2003:1869–1879.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Kontoyiannis DP, Lewis RE. Antifungal drug resistance of pathogenic fungi. Lancet 2002;359:1135–1144.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. NCCLS. Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts; proposed standard. NCCLS document M27-P. Wayne, PA: National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  15. NCCLS. Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts; approved standard. NCCLS document M27-A2. Wayne, PA: National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  16. NCCLS. Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of conidial-forming filamentous fungi. Approved standard. NCCLS M38-A. Wayne, PA: National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  17. NCCLS. Reference Method for Antifungal Disk Diffusion Susceptibility Testing of Yeasts; Approved Guideline. NCCLS document M44-A. Wayne, PA: National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Rex JH. Pfaller MA. Has antifungal susceptibility testing come of age? Clin Infect Dis 2002;35:982–989.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Liu TT, Lee RE, Barker KS, et al. Genome-wide expression profiling of the response to azole, polyene, echinocandin, and pyrimidine antifungal agents in Candida albicans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005;49:2226–2236.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Marichal P, Gorrens J, Coene MC, Le Jeune L, Vanden Bossche H. Origin of differences in susceptibility of Candida krusei to azole antifungal agents. Mycoses 1995;38:111–117.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Schuetzer-Muehlbauer M, Willinger B, Krapf G, Enzinger S, Presterl E, Kuchler K. The Candida albicans Cdr2p ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter confers resistance to caspofungin. Mol Microbiol 2003;48:225–235.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Tsai HF, Bard M, Izumikawa K, et al. Candida glabrata erg1 mutant with increased sensitivity to azoles and to low oxygen tension. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004;48: 2483–2489.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Sanglard D, Ischer F, Marchetti O, Entenza J, Bille J. Calcineurin A of Candida albicans: involvement in antifungal tolerance, cell morphogenesis and virulence. Mol Microbiol 2003;48:959–976.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Heitman J. Cell biology. A fungal Achilles’ heel. Science 2005;309:2175–2176.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Cowen LE, Lindquist S. Hsp90 potentiates the rapid evolution of new traits: drug resistance in diverse fungi. Science 2005;309:2185–2189.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Pappagianis D, Collins MS, Hector R, Remington J. Development of resistance to amphotericin B in Candida lusitaniae infecting a human. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1979;16:123–126.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Merz WG. Candida lusitaniae: frequency of recovery, colonization, infection, and amphotericin B resistance. J Clin Microbiol 1984;20:1194–1195.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Atkinson AJ, Bennett JE. Amphotericin B pharmacokinetics in humans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1978;13:271–276.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Bekersky I, Fielding RM, Dressler DE, Lee JW, Buell DN, Walsh TJ. Pharmacokinetics, excretion, and mass balance of liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) and amphotericin B deoxycholate in humans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002;46:828–833.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Imhof A, Walter RB, Schaffner A. Continuous infusion of escalated doses of amphotericin B deoxycholate: An open-label observational study. Clin Infect Dis 2003;36:943–951.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Eriksson U, Seifert B, Schaffner A. Comparison of effects of amphotericin B deoxycholate infused over 4 or 24 hours: randomised controlled trial. Br Med J 2001;322:579–582.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Pfaller MA, Messer SA, Hollis RJ, et al. Trends in species distribution and susceptibility to fluconazole among blood stream isolates of Candida species in the United States. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1999;33:217–222.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Lewis RE. Pharmacotherapy of Candida bloodstream infections: new treatment options, new era. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2002;3:1039–1057.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Johnson LB, Kauffman CA. Voriconazole: a new triazole antifungal agent. Clin Infect Dis 2003;36:630–637.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Ezzet F, Wexler D, Courtney R, Krishna G, Lim J, Laughlin M. Oral bioavailability of posaconazole in fasted healthy subjects: comparison between three regimens and basis for clinical dosage recommendations. Clin Pharmacokinet 2005;44:211–220.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Marr KA, Leisenring W, Crippa F, et al. Cyclophosphamide metabolism is affected by azole antifungals. Blood 2004;103:1557–1559.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Kontoyiannis DP, Lewis RE. Toward more effective antifungal therapy: the prospects of combination therapy. Br J Haematol 2004;126:165–175.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Suggested Readings

  • Boucher HW, Groll AH, Chiou CC, Walsh TJ. Newer systemic antifungal agents: pharmacokientics, safety and efficacy. Drugs 2004:64:1997–2020.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rex JH, Pfaller MA. Has antifungal susceptibility testing come of age? Clin Infect Dis 2002;35:982–989.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sheehan DJ, Hitchcock CA, Sibley CM. Current and emerging azole antifungal agents. Clin Microbiol Rev 1999;12:40–79.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gonzales GM, Fothergill AW, Sutton DA, Rinaldi MG, Lobenberg D. In vitro activities of new and established triazoles against opportunistic filamentous and dimorphic fungi. Med Mycol 2005;43:281–284.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Russell E. Lewis PharmD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Annette W. Fothergill MA,MBA
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, TX; F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD

    Duane R. Hospenthal MD,PhD

  2. Fungus Testing Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX

    Michael G. Rinaldi PhD

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Humana Press Inc.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Lewis, R.E., Fothergill, A.W. (2008). Antifungal Agents. In: Hospenthal, D.R., Rinaldi, M.G. (eds) Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Mycoses. Infectious Disease. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-325-7_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation