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Nutritional Management of Diabetes

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Diabetes and Exercise

Part of the book series: Contemporary Diabetes ((CDI))

Abstract

Medical nutrition therapy (MNT) is a cornerstone of treatment for the estimated 20.8 million people with diabetes in the United States. MNT is a more intensive and focused comprehensive nutrition therapy service that relies heavily on follow-up and provides repeated reinforcement to help change behavior. The long-term goal of medical nutrition therapy in diabetes is to prevent and/or delay diabetes complications by restoring metabolism to as close-to-normal as possible. Strategies used in MNT differ depending on the type of diabetes. In type 1 diabetes, the focus may be coordinating insulin treatment to diet and physical activity, and in type 2 diabetes, the focus may be weight reduction. This chapter will review the goals of MNT in type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes. We will review macronutrient composition including carbohydrate metabolism, micronutrient composition, and vitamin use in diabetes. We will clarify the terms used to describe carbohydrates and how they affect blood glucose (glycemic index, glycemic load, advanced glycosylation products, net carbohydrate, available carbohydrate, and glycemic glucose equivalent). Additionally, strategies for decreasing energy intake (lowering dietary energy density, reduced portion size, meal replacements, and structured meal plans) will be discussed. MNT is an integral component of diabetes prevention, management, and self-management education. All care providers involved in diabetes treatment need to be knowledgeable about nutrition therapy to help individuals with diabetes achieve recommendations for a healthy lifestyle.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA

    Nichola Davis & Judith Wylie-Rosett

  2. Division of Health Behavior and Nutrition, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA

    Carmen Isasi

  3. Department of Medicine, Bronx Lebanon Hospital, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA

    Vlad Tomuta

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  1. Norica Tomuta
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  2. Nichola Davis
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  3. Carmen Isasi
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  4. Vlad Tomuta
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  5. Judith Wylie-Rosett
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA

    Judith G. Regensteiner PhD

  2. Division of Endocrinology Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA

    Jane E.B. Reusch MD

  3. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Kerry J. Stewart EDD

  4. Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center, Microcirculation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Aristidis Veves MD, DSc

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Tomuta, N., Davis, N., Isasi, C., Tomuta, V., Wylie-Rosett, J. (2009). Nutritional Management of Diabetes. In: Regensteiner, J.G., Reusch, J.E., Stewart, K.J., Veves, A. (eds) Diabetes and Exercise. Contemporary Diabetes. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-260-1_11

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