Skip to main content

Phenomenology of Coarse Brain Disease

  • Chapter
The Medical Basis of Psychiatry

Two previous chapters on the phenomenology of coarse brain disease are briefly reviewed and important organizing principles are delineated. The central focus of the chapter is on traumatic brain injuries and cerebrovascular accidents. Historically germane dichotomies are discussed (organic/functional; mind/body distinctions) together with the notion of “specific etiology.” Certain topics from the earlier chapters are updated; neuroimaging and war-related brain injuries are added.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Abrams R, Taylor MA, Sierles F. Phenomenology of coarse brain disease. In: Winokur MD, ed. Winokur & Clayton’s The Medical Basis of Psychiatry. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1986:423–432.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Robinson RG. Phenomenology of coarse brain disease, in Winokur MD, ed. Winokur & Clayton’s The Medical Basis of Psychiatry, 2nd ed., Philadelphia: Saunders, 1994:403–416.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Meehl PE. Specific genetic etiology, psychodynamics, and therapeutic nihilism. Int J Mental Health 1972;1:10–27.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Langlois JA, Rutland-Brown W, Thomas KE. Traumatic brain injury in the United States: Emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and deaths. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Atlanta, Georgia, 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Finkelstein E, Corso P, Miller T, et al. The incidence and economic burden of injuries in the United States. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Thurman D, Alverson C, Dunn K, Guerrero J, Sniezek J. Traumatic brain injury in the United States: a public health perspective. J Head Trauma and Rehab 1999;14:602–615.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Fann JR, Katon WJ, Uomoto JM, Esselman PC. Psychiatric disorders and functional disability in outpatients with traumatic brain injuries. Am J Psychiatry 1995;152:1493–1499.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Koponen S, Taiminen T, Portin R, Himanen L, Isoniemi H, Heinonen H, Hinkka S, Tenuvuo O: Axis I and II psychiatric disorders after traumatic brain injury: a 30-year follow-up study. Am J Psychiatry 2002;159:1315–1321.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Geddes JF, Vowles GH, Nicoll JA, Revesz T. Neuronal cytoskeletal changes are an early consequence of repetitive head injury. Acta Neuropath 1999;98:171–178.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Mehta KM, Ott A, Kalmijn S, Slooter AJ, van Duijn CM, Hofinan A, Breteler MM. Head trauma and risk of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease: The Rotterdam Study. Neurol 1999;53:1959–1962.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Graham DI, McIntosh WL, Maxwell WL, Nicoll JAR. Recent advances in neurotrauma. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2000;59:641–651.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Plassman BA, Havlik BA, Steffens BA, Helms BA, Newman BA, Drosdick BA, Phillips BA, Gau BA, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Burke JR, et al. Documented head injury in early adulthood and risk of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. Neurol 2002;55:1158–1166.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Gottlieb S. Head injury doubles the risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Brit Med J 2000;321:1100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Lye TC, Shores EA. Traumatic brain injury as a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease: A review. Neuropsychol Rev 2000;10:115–129.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Jellinger KA, Paulus W, Wrocklage C, Litvan I. Traumatic brain injury as a risk factor for Alzheimer disease: comparison of two retrospective autopsy cohorts with evaluation of ApoE genotype. BMC Neurology 2001;1:3.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Sheehan W, Thurber S. Psychosis or temporal lobotomy: SPECT findings in a paraplegic patient with chronic mental illness. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2006;114:140–143.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Stern Y. What is cognitive reserve? Theory and research application of the reserve concept. J Neuropsychol Soc 2003;8:448–460.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Kesler SH, Adams HF, Blasey CM, Bigler ED. Premorbid intellectual functioning, education, and brain size in traumatic brain injury: An investigation of the cognitive reserve Hypothesis. Appl Neuropsychol 2003;10:152–162.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Bigler ED. Premorbid brain volume and dementia. Arch Neurol 2001;58:831–833.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Bigler ED, Johnson CJ, Anderson CV, Blatter DD, Gale SD, Russo, AA, Ryser DK, Macnamara SE, Bailey BJ, Hopkins RO, Abildskov TJ. Traumatic brain injury: The role of hippocampal atrophy. Neuropsychol 1996;10:333–342.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Hopkins RO, Tate DF, Bigler ED. Anoxic versus traumatic brain injury: Amount of tissue loss, not etiology, alters cognitive and emotional function. Neuropsychol 2005;19:233–342.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Abou-Saleh M. Neuroimaging in psychiatry: An update. J Psychosomatic Res 2006;61:289–293.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Abdel-Dayem HM, Sadek SA, Kouris K, et al. Changes in cerebral perfusion after acute head injury: comparison of CT with Tc-99m-HMPAO SPECT. Radiology 1987;165:221–226.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Abdel-Dayem, HM, Masdeu J, O’Connell R, et al. Brain perfusion abnormalities following minor/moderate closed head injury: comparison between early and late imaging in two groups of patients [Abstract]. Eur J Nuclear Med 1994;21:750.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Gray BG, Ichise M, Chung DG, et al. Technetium-99m-HMPAO SPECT in the evaluation of patients with a remote history of traumatic brain injury: a comparison with x-ray computed tomography. J Nucl Med 1992;33:52–58.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Kant R, Smith-Seemiller L, Isaac G, et al. Tc-HMPAO SPECT in persistent post- concussion syndrome after mild head injury: comparison with MRI/CT. Brain Injury 1997;11:115–124.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Umile EM, Plotkin RC, Sandel ME. Functional assessment of mild traumatic brain injury using SPECT and neuropsychological testing. Brain Injury 1998;12:577–594.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Bremmer JD. Brain Imaging Handbook. New York and London, W. W. Norton, 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Laatsch L, Jobe T, Sychra J, Lin Q, Blend M. Impact of cognitive rehabilitation therapy on neuropsychological impairments as measured by brain perfusion SPECT: A longitudinal study. Brain Injury 1997;11:851–863.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Pincus JH, Tucker GJ. Behavioral Neurology, 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Taylor MA. The Neuropsychiatric Mental Status Examination. New York: Sp Medical and Scientific Books, 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Monasta VJ, Lubar JF, Linden M. The development of a quantitative electroencephalographic scanning process for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Neuropsych 2001;15:136–144.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Dziobek I, Fleck S, Rogers K, Wolf OT, Convit A. The amygdala theory of autism revisited: Linking structure to behavior. Neuropsychologia 2006;44:1891–1899.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Festa EK, Insler RZ, Salmon DP, Paxton J, Hamilton JM, Hindel W. Neocortical disconnectivity disrupts sensory integration in Alzheimer’s disease. . Neuropsychol 2005;19:728–738.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Mitchell JP, Sullivan AL, Schacter DL, Budson AE. Misattribution errors in Alzheimer’s disease: The illusory truth effect. Neuropsychol 2006;20:185–192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Backman L, Jones S, Berger A., Laukka EJ, Small BJ. Cognitive impairment in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease: A meta-analysis. Neuropsychol 2005;19:520–531.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Bigio EH, Hynan LS, Sontag E, Satumtira S, White CL. Synapse loss is greater in presenile than senile onset Alzheimer disease: Implications for the cognitive reserve hypothesis. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2002;28:218–227.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Tomlinson BE, Blessed G, Roth M. Observations on the brains of demented old people. J Neurological Sci 1970;11:305–242.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Robinson RG. Mood changes in stroke patients: relations to lesion location. Comp Psychiatry 1983;24:555–566.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Federoff JP, Starkstein SE, Forrester AW, Geisler FH, Jorge RE, Arndt SV, Robinson RG. Depression in patients with acute traumatic brain injury. Am J Psychiatry 1992;149:918–923.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Okie S. Traumatic brain injury in the war zone. N Engl J Med 2005;353:1–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Mayorga MA. The pathology of primary blast overpressure injury. Toxicology 1997;121:17–28.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Cernak I, Wang Z, Jiang J, Bian X, Slavic J. Ultrastructural and functional characteristics of blast injury-induced neurotrauma. J Trauma Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 2001;50:695–706.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Humana Press, a part of Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Meller, W., Sheehan, W., Thurber, S. (2008). Phenomenology of Coarse Brain Disease. In: Fatemi, S.H., Clayton, P.J. (eds) The Medical Basis of Psychiatry. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-252-6_26

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-252-6_26

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-917-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59745-252-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics