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Tissue Engineered Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft

  • Chapter
Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration

Part of the book series: Orthopedic Biology and Medicine ((OBM))

  • 1753 Accesses

Abstract

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the most frequently ruptured ligament in the knee that is associated with functional disability. Because it lacks successful healing capabilities, it is often reconstructed. The current methods utilizing autograft and allograft tissue to reconstruct the ACL have been quite successful. However, surgeons and patients would prefer grafts without the potential for donor site morbidity (autografts) and the potential for disease transmission and unavailability (allografts). In addition, there is time necessary to shape and prepare the graft material before implantation. Tissue engineering has the potential to address some of these issues and give a more ideal graft. Trying to create a functional tissue engineered ACL graft that is available and a cost-effective, value-added alternative presents the problems and challenges of the regeneration of any tissue. The ACL presents some unique challenges ahead in developing a biological engineered tissue replacement. These unique challenges are related to its complex microanatomy, its time zero and incorporated mechanical and structural properties and its intra-articular space and intrasynovial environment. Trying to duplicate the ACL's structural and mechanical characteristics is dependent on developing, placing and properly tensioning fibers of different lengths. Its intricate macro-and microanatomy have not been duplicated to date with engineered tissue or biomaterials. The native ACL has no adjacent soft tissue, as many ligaments in the body do, that can enhance the healing process.

While biologic substitutes (naturally occurring engineered tissue) have played a major role in ACL reconstruction and serve as a source of a great deal of scientific work and precedence to build upon, regeneration of a biologic ligament outside of the human has not been clinically perfected.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Orthopaedic Research Institute, Southern California Center for Sports Medicine and Long Beach Memorial Medical Center, Long Beach, CA, USA

    Timothy M. Simon & Douglas W. Jackson

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  1. Timothy M. Simon
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  2. Douglas W. Jackson
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  1. Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

    William S. Pietrzak Ph.D.

  2. Biomet, Inc., Warsaw, IN, USA

    William S. Pietrzak Ph.D.

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Simon, T.M., Jackson, D.W. (2008). Tissue Engineered Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft. In: Pietrzak, W.S. (eds) Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration. Orthopedic Biology and Medicine. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-239-7_20

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-239-7_20

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