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Distraction Osteogenesis of the Facial Skeleton

  • Chapter
Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration

Part of the book series: Orthopedic Biology and Medicine ((OBM))

  • 1836 Accesses

Abstract

Distraction osteogenesis of the facial skeleton has provided both a powerful tool to those who are interested in studying the biology of bone and has added a powerful technique to the armamentarium of surgeons who treat facial disfi gurement. The application of bone distraction to the facial skeleton has been largely derived from prior work in the lower extremity, and the fundamental biologic concepts of distraction osteogenesis must be thoroughly understood before the extension of this work to the facial skeleton can be consistently applied successfully. Bone distraction initiates a complex biologic process that induces biosynthetic pathways to form additional soft tissue and bone. The application of this principle to the facial skeleton must also take into consideration specifi c characteristics of the face and its anatomy. Surgeons traditionally view the face in three separate domains: 1) the upper face – from the eyes to the top of the head, 2) the mid-face – from the upper teeth to the eyes, and 3) the lower face – from the lower teeth to the neck. Each of these three domains of the facial skeleton has its specifi c biological requirements and constraints, and each domain requires different considerations for fi xation of bone devices and for the design of linkage systems. In its most elementary form, the bone distraction device must meet two essential criteria: 1) provide rigid fixation in three dimensions of the bone on either side of the bone osteotomy site (or distraction gap) and 2) provide for a linkage system that will allow the two bone components to separate gradually at a set rate (usually approximately one millimeter per day). This chapter will briefl y review the fundamental biology of distraction osteogenesis, review its development in each of the three facial domains and review the inherent biological constraints and requirements of each of these areas.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Plastic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN

    Robert J. Havlik

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  1. Robert J. Havlik
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

    William S. Pietrzak Ph.D.

  2. Biomet, Inc., Warsaw, IN, USA

    William S. Pietrzak Ph.D.

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© 2008 Humana Press, a part of Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

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Havlik, R.J. (2008). Distraction Osteogenesis of the Facial Skeleton. In: Pietrzak, W.S. (eds) Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration. Orthopedic Biology and Medicine. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-239-7_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-239-7_10

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-909-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59745-239-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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