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Ovarian and Adrenal Androgen Biosynthesis and Metabolism

  • Chapter
Androgen Excess Disorders in Women

Part of the book series: Contemporary Endocrinology ((COE))

Abstract

The pathways of adrenal and ovarian steroid biosynthesis use the same enzymes for the initial steps of steroidogenesis but express different enzymes that convert steroid precursors to the final active products. Both the adrenal and ovary produce dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), the principal precursor of androgens and estrogens. The key enzyme in DHEA production is P450c17, which catalyzes both 17α-hydroxylation and 17,20-lyase activities. The 17,20-lyase activity of human P450c17 strongly favors 17-hydroxypregnenolone rather than 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) as a substrate, producing abundant DHEA, so that most human androgens and estrogens derive from DHEA. Understanding the biochemistry of P450c17 is central to understanding the hyperandrogenism of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Rare genetic disorders of steroidogenesis provide human genetic knockout experiments of nature, yielding important information about the biosynthesis and physiological roles of steroids.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Endocrinology, UCSF Children’es Hospital, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA

    Walter L. Miller

  2. Ahmanson Department of Pediatrics Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics, The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA

    David H. Geller

  3. Division of Reproductive Endocrinology & Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UCSF Center for Reproductive Health, San Francisco, CA

    Mitchell Rosen

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  1. Walter L. Miller
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  2. David H. Geller
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Androgen Related Disorders, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Department of Medicine, The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA

    Ricardo Azziz MD, MPH, MBA

  2. Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA

    John E. Nestler MD

  3. Department of Endocrine Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France

    Didier Dewailly MD

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Miller, W.L., Geller, D.H., Rosen, M. (2006). Ovarian and Adrenal Androgen Biosynthesis and Metabolism. In: Azziz, R., Nestler, J.E., Dewailly, D. (eds) Androgen Excess Disorders in Women. Contemporary Endocrinology. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-179-6_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-179-6_2

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