Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Atrial Fibrillation pp 77–100Cite as

Dominant Frequency Mapping to Assess the Consequences of Remodeling in the Mechanism of Atrial Fibrillation

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Contemporary Cardiology ((CONCARD))

Abstract

The mechanisms underlying atrial fibrillation (AF) remain poorly understood. In some patients, AF initiation often occurs from arrhythmogenic foci arising at muscular sleeves in a pulmonary vein (PV). Either direct radio-frequency (RF) ablation of these foci or, more recently, their disconnection from the left atrium by ablation at venous ostia is the basis for curative AF ablation procedures. However, it is likely that, in most cases, the mechanism of AF maintenance is different from that which initiates it. Isolated animal heart experiments suggested that some cases of AF may be maintained by the uninterrupted periodic activity of a small number of discrete reentrant sites (rotors) located in the posterior left atrial (LA) wall, near the PV/LA junction. During sustained AF, such sources activate at an exceedingly high rotation frequency. Thus, rotors near the PV/LA junction dominate over any other slower sources that may form elsewhere and act as the drivers for the entire fibrillatory process. High-resolution spectral analysis of the spatial distribution of activation frequencies reveals a hierarchy with appreciable frequency gradients across the atria. Here, we briefly review our current understanding of the mechanisms and manifestations of AF and discuss the applicability of spectral analysis tools to the study of AF in patients with the idea of helping to improve the efficacy of ablation therapies. We focus in part on recent clinical studies that provide justification for the combined use of dominant frequency and electroanatomical mapping to systematically correlate the spatial distribution of excitation frequency with cardiac anatomy; provide mechanistic insight into different types of AF, particularly regarding the consequences of atrial remodeling leading to persistent AF; and facilitate ablation procedures.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. 1. Feinberg WM, Blackshear JL, Laupacis A, Kronmal R, Hart RG. Prevalence, age distribution, and gender of patients with atrial fibrillation. Arch Intern Med. 1995;155:469–473.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. 2. Wolf PA, Abbot RD, Kannel WB. Atrial fibrillation as an independent risk factor for stroke: the Framingham Study. Stroke. 1991;22:983–988.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. 3. Schumacher B, Luderitz B. Rate issues in atrial fibrillation: consequences of tachycardia and therapy for rate control. Am J Cardiol. 1998;82:29N–36N.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. 4. Haissaguerre M, Shah DC, Jais P, Hocini M, Yamane T, Deisenhofer I, Garrigue S, Clementy J. Mapping-guided ablation of pulmonary veins to cure atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol. 2000;86:9K–19K.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. 5. Haissaguerre M, Jais P, Shah DC, Takahashi A, Hocini M, Quiniou G, Garrigue S, Le Mouroux A, Le Metayer P, Clementy J. Spontaneous initiation of atrial fibrillation by ectopic beats originating in the pulmonary veins. N Engl J Med. 1998;339:659–666.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. 6. Moe GK, Abildskov JA. Atrial fibrillation as a self-sustaining arrhythmia independent of focal discharges. Am Heart J. 1959;58:59–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. 7. Haissaguerre M, Jais P, Shah DC, Arentz T, Kalusche D, Takahashi A, Garrigue S, Hocini M, Peng JT, Clementy J. Catheter ablation of chronic atrial fibrillation targeting the reinitiating triggers. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2000;11:2–10.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. 8. Benussi S, Pappone C, Nascimbene S, Oreto G, Caldarola A, Stefano PL, Casati V, Alfieri O. A simple way to treat chronic atrial fibrillation during mitral valve surgery: the epicardial radiofrequency approach. Eur J Cardio-Thorac Surg. 2000;17:524–529.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. 9. Knight BP, Weiss R, Bahu M, Souza J, Zivin A, Goyal R, Daoud E, Man KC, Strickberger SA, Morady F. Cost comparison of radiofrequency modification and ablation of the atrioventricular junction in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. Circulation. 1997;96:1532–1536.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. 10. Jalife J, Berenfeld O, Mansour M. Mother rotors and fibrillatory conduction: a mechanism of atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc Res. 2002;54:204–216.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Pappone C, Rosanio S. Pulmonary vein isolation for atrial fibrillation. In Zipes DP, Jalife J, eds, Cardiac electrophysiology—from cell to bedside. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  12. 12. Haissaguerre M, Sanders P, Hocini M, Hsu LF, Shah DC, Scavee C, Takahashi Y, Rotter M, Pasquie JL, Garrigue S, Clementy J, Jais P. Changes in atrial fibrillation cycle length and inducibility during catheter ablation and their relation to outcome. Circulation. 2004;109:3007–3013.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. 13. Berenfeld O, Sanders P, Vaidyanathan R, Jais P, Hocini M, Haissaguerre M, Jalife J. High-resolution dominant frequency mapping reveals different spatial distribution of activation rate in patients with paroxysmal vs chronic atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm. 2004;1(1S):S142.

    Google Scholar 

  14. 14. Sanders P, Berenfeld O, Hocini M, Jais P, Vaidyanathan R, Hsu LF, Garrigue S, Takahashi Y, Rotter M, Sacher F, Scavee C, Ploutz-Snyder R, Jalife J, Haissaguerre M. Spectral analysis identifies sites of high-frequency activity maintaining atrial fibrillation in humans. Circulation. 2005;112:789–797.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Allessie MA, Lammers WJEP, Bonke FIM, Hollen J. Experimental evaluation of Moe's wavelet hypothesis of atrial fibrillation. In Zipes DP, Jalife J, eds, Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias. Orlando, FL: Grune and Stratton; 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  16. 16. Cox JL, Canavan TE, Schuessler RB, Cain ME, Lindsay BD, Stone C, Smith PK, Corr PB, Boineau JP. The surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation. II. Intraoperative electrophysiologic mapping and description of the electrophysiologic basis of atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1991;101:406–426.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Lewis T. The mechanism and graphic registration of the heart beat. London: Shaw and Sons; 1925.

    Google Scholar 

  18. 18. Schuessler RB, Grayson TM, Bromberg BI, Cox JL, Boineau JP. Cholinergically mediated tachyarrhythmias induced by a single extrastimulus in the isolated canine right atrium. Circ Res. 1992;71:1254–1267.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. 19. Skanes AC, Mandapati R, Berenfeld O, Davidenko JM, Jalife J. Spatiotemporal periodicity during atrial fibrillation in the isolated sheep heart. Circulation. 1998;98:1236–1248.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. 20. Mandapati R, Skanes A, Chen J, Berenfeld O, Jalife J. Stable microreentrant sources as a mechanism of atrial fibrillation in the isolated sheep heart. Circulation. 2000;101:194–199.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. 21. Nattel S. New ideas about atrial fibrillation 50 years on. Nature. 2002;415:219–226.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. 22. Pappone C, Rosanio S, Oreto G, Tocchi M, Gugliotta F, Vicedomini G, Salvati A, Dicandia C, Mazzone P, Santinelli V, Gulletta S, Chierchia S. Circumferential radiofrequency ablation of pulmonary vein ostia: a new anatomic approach for curing atrial fibrillation. Circulation. 2000;102:2619–2628.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. 23. Rosanio S, Pappone C, Vicedomini G, Tocchi M, Mazzone P, Gulletta S, Gugliotta F, Nardi S, Di Candia C, Salvati A. Chronic atrial fibrillation. Is it a curable condition? Eur Heart J. 2001;22:361.

    Google Scholar 

  24. 24. Morillo CA, Klein GJ, Jones DL, Guiraudon CM. Chronic rapid atrial pacing: structural, functional, and electrophysiological characteristics of a new model of sustained atrial fibrillation. Circulation. 1995;91:1588–1595.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. 25. Roithinger FX, Steiner PR, Goseki Y, Sparks PB, Lesh MD. Electrophysiological effects of selective right vs left atrial linear lesions in a canine model of chronic atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 1999;10:1564–1574.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. 26. Horvath G, Goldberger JJ, Kadish AH. Simultaneous occurrence of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2000;11:849–858.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. 27. Papageorgiou P, Monahan K, Boyle NG, Seifert MJ, Beswick P, Zebede J, Epstein LM, Josephson ME. Site-dependent intra-atrial conduction delay. Relationship to initiation of atrial fibrillation. Circulation. 1996;94:384–389.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. 28. Sih HJ, Berbari EJ, Zipes DP. Epicardial maps of atrial fibrillation after linear ablation lesions. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 1997;8:1046–1054.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. 29. Power JM, Beacom GA, Alferness CA, Raman J, Wijffels M, Farish SJ, Burrell LM, Tonkin AM. Susceptibility to atrial fibrillation: a study in an ovine model of pacing-induced early heart failure. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 1998;9: 423–435.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. 30. Li D, Zhang L, Kneller J, Nattel S. Potential ionic mechanism for repolarization differences between canine right and left atrium. Circ Res. 2001;88:1168–1175.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. 31. Harada A, Sasaki K, Fukushima T, Ikeshita M, Asano T, Yamauchi S, Shoji T. Atrial activation during chronic atrial fibrillation in patients with isolated mitral valve disease. Ann Thorac Surg. 1996;61:104–112.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. 32. Harada A, Konishi T, Fukata M, Higuchi K, Sugimoto T, Sasaki K. Intraoperative map guided operation for atrial fibrillation due to mitral valve disease. Ann Thorac Surg. 2000;69:450.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. 33. Mandapati R, Asano Y, Baxter WT, Gray R, Davidenko J, Jalife J. Quantification of effects of global ischemia on dynamics of ventricular fibrillation in isolated rabbit heart. Circulation. 1998;98:1688–1696.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. 34. Skanes AC, Gray RA, Zuur CL, Jalife J. Spatio-temporal patterns of atrial fibrillation: role of the subendocardial structure. Semin Interv Cardiol. 1997;2:185–193.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. 35. Berenfeld O, Mandapati R, Dixit S, Skanes AC, Chen J, Mansour M, Jalife J. Spatially distributed dominant excitation frequencies reveal hidden organization in atrial fibrillation in the Langendorff-perfused sheep heart. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2000;11:869–879.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. 36. Mansour M, Mandapati R, Berenfeld O, Chen J, Samie FH, Jalife J. Left-to-right gradient of atrial frequencies during acute atrial fibrillation in the isolated sheep heart. Circulation. 2001;103:2631–2636.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. 37. Jalife J, Morley GE, Tallini NY, Vaidya D. A fungal metabolite that eliminates motion artifacts. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 1998;9:1358–1362.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. 38. Berenfeld O, Zaitsev AV, Mironov SF, Pertsov AM, Jalife J. Frequency-dependent breakdown of wave propagation into fibrillatory conduction across the pectinate muscle network in the isolated sheep right atrium. Circ Res. 2002;90:1173–1180.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. 39. Cabo C, Pertsov AM, Baxter WT, Davidenko JM, Gray RA, Jalife J. Wave-front curvature as a cause of slow conduction and block in isolated cardiac muscle. Circ Res. 1994;75:1014–1028.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. 40. Spach MS, Josephson ME. Initiating reentry: the role of nonuniform anisotropy in small circuits. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 1994;5:182–209.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. 41. Rohr S, Kucera JP, Fast VG, Kleber AG. Paradoxical improvement of impulse conduction in cardiac tissue by partial cellular uncoupling. Science. 1997;275:841–844.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. 42. Gray RA, Pertsov AM, Jalife J. Incomplete reentry and epicardial breakthrough patterns during atrial fibrillation in the sheep heart. Circulation. 1996;94: 2649–2661.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. 43. Fast VG, Kleber AG. Cardiac tissue geometry as a determinant of unidirectional conduction block: assessment of microscopic excitation spread by optical mapping in patterned cell cultured and in a computer model. Cardiovasc Res. 1995;29:697–707.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. 44. Fast VG, Kleber AG. Block of impulse propagation at an abrupt tissue expansion: Evaluation of the critical strand diameter in two- and three-dimensional computer models. Cardiovasc Res. 1995;30:449–459.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. 45. Kim KB, Rodefeld MD, Schuessler RB, Cox JL, Boineau JP. Relationship between local atrial fibrillation interval and refractory period in the isolated canine atrium. Circulation. 1996;94:2961–2967.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. 46. Wang Z, Feng J, Nattel S. Idiopathic atrial fibrillation in dogs: electrophysiologic determinants and mechanisms of antiarrhythmic action of flecainide. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995;26:277–286.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. 47. Satoh T, Zipes DP. Unequal atrial stretch in dogs increases dispersion of refractoriness conductive to developing atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 1996;7:833–842.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. 48. Efimov IR, Huang DT, Rendt JM, Salama G. Optical mapping of repolarization and refractoriness from intact hearts. Circulation. 1994;90:1469–1480.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. 49. Feng J, Yue L, Wang Z, Nattel S. Ionic mechanisms of regional action potential heterogeneity in the canine right atrium. Circ Res. 1998;83:541–551.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. 50. Spach MS, Dolber PC, Anderson PAW. Multiple regional differences in cellular properties that regulate repolarization and contraction in the right atrium of adult and newborn dogs. Circ Res. 1989;65:1594–1611.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Yamashita T, Nakajima T, Hazama H, Hamada E, Murakawa Y, Sawada K, Omata M. Regional differences in transient outward current density and inhomogeneities of repolarization in rabbit right atrium. Circulation. 1995;92:3061–3069.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. 52. Rozenshtraukh LV, Zaitsev AV, Pertsov AM, Fast VG, Krinskii VI. The mechanism of the development of atrial tachyarrhythmia after stimulation of the vagus nerve. Kardiologiia. 1988;28:79–84.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. 53. Sharifov OF, Zaitsev AV, Rosenshtraukh LV, Kaliadin AY, Beloshapko GG, Yushmanova AV, Schuessler RB, Boineau JP. Spatial distribution and frequency dependence of arrhythmogenic vagal effects in canine atria. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2000;11:1029–1042.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. 54. Zaitsev AV, Berenfeld O, Mironov SF, Jalife J, Pertsov AM. Distribution of excitation frequencies on the epicardial and endocardial surfaces of fibrillating ventricular wall of the sheep heart. Circ Res. 2000;86:408–417.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. 55. Schauerte P, Scherlag BJ, Pitha J, Scherlag MA, Reynolds D, Lazzara R, Jackman WM. Catheter ablation of cardiac autonomic nerves for prevention of vagal atrial fibrillation. Circulation. 2000;102:2774–2780.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. 56. Olgin JE, Sih HJ, Hanish S, Jayachandran JV, Wu J, Zheng QH, Winkle W, Mulholland GK, Zipes DP, Hutchins G. Heterogeneous atrial denervation creates substrate for sustained atrial fibrillation. Circulation. 1998;98:2608–2614.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. 57. Sharifov OF, Fedorov VV, Beloshapko GG, Yushmanova AV, Rosenshtraukh LV. Effects of E047/1, a new antiarrhythmic drug, on experimental atrial fibrillation in anesthetized dogs. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2001;38:706–714.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. 58. Sarmast F, Kolli A, Zaitsev A, Parisian K, Dhamoon AS, Guha PK, Warren M, Anumonwo JMB, Taffet SM, Berenfeld O, Jalife J. Cholinergic atrial fibrillation: I-K,I-ACh gradients determine unequal left/right atrial frequencies and rotor dynamics. Cardiovasc Res. 2003;59:863–873.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. 59. Pappone C, Santinelli V, Manguso F, Vicedomini G, Gugliotta F, Augello G, Mazzone P, Tortoriello V, Landoni G, Zangrillo A, Lang C, Tomita T, Mesas C, Mastella E, Alfieri O. Pulmonary vein denervation enhances long-term benefit after circumferential ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Circulation. 2004;109:327–334.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. 60. Wijffels MC, Kirchhof CJ, Dorland R, Allessie MA. Atrial fibrillation begets atrial fibrillation. A study in awake chronically instrumented goats. Circulation. 1995;92:1954–1968.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. 61. Wijffels MC, Kirchhof CJ, Dorland R, Power J, Allessie MA. Electrical remodeling due to atrial fibrillation in chronically instrumented conscious goats: roles of neurohumoral changes, ischemia, atrial stretch, and high rate of electrical activation. Circulation. 1997;96:3710–3720.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. 62. Elvan A, Wylie K, Zipes DP. Pacing-induced chronic atrial fibrillation impairs sinus node function in dogs. Electrophysiological remodeling. Circulation. 1996;94:2953–2960.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. 63. Goette A, Honeycutt C, Langberg JJ. Electrical remodeling in atrial fibrillation. Time course and mechanisms. Circulation. 1996;94:2968–2974.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. 64. Hobbs WJ, Fynn S, Todd DM, Wolfson P, Galloway M, Garratt CJ. Reversal of atrial electrical remodeling after cardioversion of persistent atrial fibrillation in humans. Circulation. 2000;101:1145–1151.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. 65. Wells JL Jr, MacLean WAH, James TN, Waldo AL. Characterization of atrial flutter: studies in man after open heart surgery using fixed atrial electrodes. Circulation. 1979;60:665–673.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. 66. Roithinger FX, Karch MR, Steiner PR, Sippens Groenewegen A, Lesh MD. Relationship between atrial fibrillation and typical atrial flutter in humans—activation sequence changes during spontaneous conversion. Circulation. 1997;96:3484–3491.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. 67. Li D, Fareh S, Leung TK, Nattel S. Promotion of atrial fibrillation by heart failure in dogs: atrial remodeling of a different sort. Circulation. 1999;100:87–95.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. 68. Haissaguerre M, Shah DC, Jais P, Hocini M, Yamane T, Deisenhofer I, I, Garrigue S, Clementy J. Mapping-guided ablation of pulmonary veins to cure atrial fibrillation. Am J Cardiol. 2000;86:K9–K19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. 69. Newby KH, Zimerman L, Wharton JM, Kent V, Kearney M, Brandon MJ, Natale A. Radiofrequency ablation of atrial flutter and atrial tachycardias in patients with permanent indwelling catheters. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1996;19:1612–1617.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. 70. Natale A, Pisano E, Shewchik J, Bash D, Fanelli R, Potenza D, Santarelli P, Schweikert R, White R, Saliba W, Kanagaratnam L, Tchou P, Lesh M. First human experience with pulmonary vein isolation using a through-the-balloon circumferential ultrasound ablation system for recurrent atrial fibrillation. Circulation. 2000;102:1879–1882.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. 71. Skanes AC, Klein GJ, Krahn AD, Yee R. Initial experience with a novel circular cryoablation catheter for pulmonary vein isolation. Circulation. 2002;106:633.

    Google Scholar 

  72. 72. Morady F. Catheter ablation of supraventricular arrhythmias: state of the art. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2004;15:124–139.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. 73. Oral H, Scharf C, Chugh A, Hall B, Cheung P, Good E, Veerareddy S, Pelosi F, Morady F. Catheter ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation—segmental pulmonary vein ostial ablation vs left atrial ablation. Circulation. 2003;108:2355–2360.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. 74. Hwang C, Peter T, Chen PS. Radiofrequency ablation of accessory pathways guided by the location of the ligament of Marshall. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2003;14:616–620.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. 75. Chen MS, Marrouche NF, Khaykin Y, Gillinov AM, Wazni O, Martin DO, Rossillo A, Verma A, Cummings J, Erciyes D, Saad E, Bhargava M, Bash D, Schweikert R, Burkhardt D, Williams-Andrews M, Perez-Lugones A, Abdul-Karim A, Saliba W, Natale A. Pulmonary vein isolation for the treatment of atrial fibrillation in patients with impaired systolic function. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43:1004–1009.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. 76. Ernst S, Ouyang FF, Linder C, Hertting K, Stahl F, Chun J, Hachiya H, Bansch D, Antz M, Kuck KH. Initial experience with remote catheter ablation using a novel magnetic navigation system—magnetic remote catheter ablation. Circulation. 2004;109:1472–1475.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. 77. Nakagawa H, Jackman WM. Catheter ablation of macroreentrant atrial tachycardia in patients following atriotomy. Eur Heart J. 2002;23:1566–1568.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. 78. Haissaguerre M, Jais P, Shah DC, Takahashi A, Hocini M, Quiniou G, Garrigue S, Le Mouroux A, Le Metayer P, Clementy J. Spontaneous initiation of atrial fibrillation by ectopic beats originating in the pulmonary veins. N Engl J Med. 1998;339:659–666.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Haissaguerre M, Sanders P, Jais P, Hocini M, Shah DC, Clementy J. Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: triggers and substrate. In Zipes DP, Jalife J, eds, Cardiac electrophysiology—from cell to bedside. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  80. 80. Haissaguerre M, Shah DC, Jais P, Hocini M, Yamane T, Deisenhofer I, Chauvin M, Garrigue S, Clementy J. Electrophysiological breakthroughs from the left atrium to the pulmonary veins. Circulation. 2000;102:2463–2465.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. 81. Pappone C, Oreto G, Rosanio S, Vicedomini G, Tocchi M, Gugliotta F, Salvati A, Dicandia C, Calabro MP, Mazzone P, Ficarra E, Di Gioia C, Gulletta S, Nardi S, Santinelli V, Benussi S, Alfieri O. Atrial electroanatomic remodeling after circumferential radiofrequency pulmonary vein ablation—efficacy of an anatomic approach in a large cohort of patients with atrial fibrillation. Circulation. 2001;104:2539–2544.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. 82. Oral H, Knight BP, Tada H, Ozaydin M, Chugh A, Hassan S, Scharf C, Lai SWK, Greenstein R, Pelosi F, Strickberger SA, Morady F. Pulmonary vein isolation for paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation. Circulation. 2002;105:1077–1081.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. 83. Allessie MA, Boyden PA, Camm AJ, Kleber AG, Lab MJ, Legato MJ, Rosen MR, Schwartz PJ, Spooner PM, Van Wagoner DR, Waldo AL. Pathophysiology and prevention of atrial fibrillation. Circulation. 2001;103:769–777.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. 84. Packer DL, Asirvatham S, Monahan KH, Shen WK, Rea RF, Hammill SC. Progression of pulmonary vein stenosis in patients following focal atrial fibrillation ablation. Circulation. 2001;104:461.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. 85. Dilling-Boer D, Van der Merwe N, Adams J, Foulon S, Goethals H, Willems R, Ector H, Heidbuchel H. Ablation of focally induced atrial fibrillation: selective or extensive? J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2004;15:200–205.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. 86. Yamane T, Shah DC, Jais P, Hocini M, Deisenhofer I, Choi KJ, Macle L, Clementy J, Haissaguerre M. Electrogram polarity reversal as an additional indicator of breakthroughs from the left atrium to the pulmonary veins. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;39:1337–1344.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. 87. Gepstein L, Hayam G, Shpun S, BenHaim SA. 3D spatial dispersion of cycle-length histograms during atrial fibrillation in the chronic goat model. Circulation. 1997;96:1298.

    Google Scholar 

  88. 88. Misier AR, Opthof T, van Hemel NM, Defauw JJ, de Bakker JM, Janse MJ, van Capelle FJ. Increased dispersion of “refractoriness” in patients with idiopathic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992;19:1531–1535.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. 89. Jais P, Hocini M, Macle L, Choi KJ, Deisenhofer I, Weerasooriya R, Shah DC, Garrigue S, Raybaud F, Scavee C, Le Metayer P, Clementy J, Haissaguerre M. Distinctive electrophysiological properties of pulmonary veins in patients with atrial fibrillation. Circulation. 2002;106:2479–2485.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. 90. Wu TJ, Doshi RN, Huang HLA, Blanche C, Kass RM, Trento A, Cheng W, Karagueuzian HS, Peter CT, Chen PS. Simultaneous biatrial computerized mapping during permanent atrial fibrillation in patients with organic heart disease. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2002;13:571–577.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. 91. Sih HJ, Zipes DP, Berbari EJ, Olgin JE. A high-temporal resolution algorithm for quantifying organization during atrial fibrillation. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 1999;46:440–450.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. 92. Roithinger FX, Groenewegen AS, Ellis WS, Karch MR, Steiner PR, Lesh MD. Analysis of spectral variance from the total body surface ECG: a new quantitative noninvasive tool for measuring organization in atrial fibrillation. Circulation. 1997;96:2568.

    Google Scholar 

  93. Markides V, Segal OR, Tondato F, Peters NS. Mapping. In Zipes DP, Jalife J, eds, Cardiac electrophysiology—from cell to bedside. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  94. 94. Darbar D, Olgin JE, Miller JM, Friedman PA. Localization of the origin of arrhythmias for ablation: from electrocardiography to advanced endocardial mapping systems. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2001;12:1309–1325.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. 95. Barbaro V, Bartolini P, Calgagnini G, Censi F, Morelli S, Michelucci A. Mapping the organization of atrial fibrillation with basket catheters part I: validation of a real-time algorithm. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2001;24:1082–1088.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. 96. Michelucci A, Bartolini P, Calcagnini G, Censi F, Colella A, Morelli S, Padeletti L, Pieragnoli P, Barbaro V. Mapping the organization of atrial fibrillation with basket catheters part II: regional patterns in chronic patients. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2001;24:1089–1096.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. 97. Shpun S, Gepstein L, Hayam G, BenHaim SA. Guidance of radiofrequency endocardial ablation with real-time three-dimensional magnetic navigation system. Circulation. 1997;96:2016–2021.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. 98. Gepstein L, Hayam G, BenHaim SA. A novel method for nonfluoroscopic catheter-based electroanatomical mapping of the heart—in vitro and in vivo accuracy results. Circulation. 1997;95:1611–1622.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. 99. Schilling RJ, Kadish AH, Peters NS, Goldberger J, Davies DW. Endocardial mapping of atrial fibrillation in the human right atrium using a non-contact catheter. Eur Heart J. 2000;21:550–564.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. 100. Asirvatham S, Packer DL. Validation of non-contact mapping to localize the site of simulated pulmonary vein ectopic foci. Circulation. 2000;102:441.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported in part by grants from the U.S. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the National Institutes of Health (P01-HL39707, R01-HL70074, R01-HL60843) to J. J. and by American Heart Association Scientist Development Grant 0230311N to O. B.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    José Jalife (Professor of Internal Medicine, The Cyrus and Jane Farrehi Professor of Cardiovascular Research, Professor of Molecular and Integrative Physiology)

  2. Institute for Cardiovascular Research, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA

    Omer Berenfeld (Assistant Professor of Pharmacology, AF Research Group Leader)

Authors
  1. José Jalife
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Omer Berenfeld
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Arrhythmia Institute, St. David's Medical Center, Austin, Texas, USA

    Andrea Natale MD (Executive Medical Director of the Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, Consulting Professor) (Executive Medical Director of the Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, Consulting Professor)

  2. Division of Cardiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA

    Andrea Natale MD (Executive Medical Director of the Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, Consulting Professor) (Executive Medical Director of the Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, Consulting Professor)

  3. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    José Jalife MD (Professor of Internal Medicine, The Cyrus and Jane Farrehi Professor of Cardiovascular Research, Professor of Molecular and Integrative Physiology) (Professor of Internal Medicine, The Cyrus and Jane Farrehi Professor of Cardiovascular Research, Professor of Molecular and Integrative Physiology)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2008 Humana Press, a part of Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Jalife, J., Berenfeld, O. (2008). Dominant Frequency Mapping to Assess the Consequences of Remodeling in the Mechanism of Atrial Fibrillation. In: Natale, A., Jalife, J. (eds) Atrial Fibrillation. Contemporary Cardiology. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-163-5_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-163-5_7

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-856-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59745-163-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation