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Oral Contraceptives

History, Pharmacology, Metabolic Effects, Side Effects, and Health Benefits

  • Chapter
The Handbook of Contraception

Part of the book series: Current Clinical Practice ((CCP))

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Abstract

Because of social, political, financial, or legal reasons, many contraceptive methods have been removed from the contraceptive armamentarium, sometimes almost as quickly as they were introduced. The original subdermal implant, a monthly intramuscular injection containing medroxyprogesterone acetate and estradiol cypionate, and a multitude of intrauterine devices have all been withdrawn from the US market after facing insurmountable problems. Over the last 45 years, however, oral contraceptives (OCs) have undergone extensive study, continual development and significant improvements. Unlike the original OCs, new low-dose OCs, as shown in Fig. 1, have few health risks when used in properly selected users and many health benefits. Currently, more than 100 million women worldwide and 18 million women in the United States rely on OCs (1).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Family Medicine, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA

    Donna Shoupe MD

  2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA

    Daniel R. Mishell Jr. MD

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  1. Donna Shoupe MD
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  2. Daniel R. Mishell Jr. MD
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Family Medicine, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA

    Donna Shoupe MD

  2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA

    Siri L. Kjos MD

  3. Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA

    Siri L. Kjos MD

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© 2006 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ

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Shoupe, D., Mishell, D.R. (2006). Oral Contraceptives. In: Shoupe, D., Kjos, S.L. (eds) The Handbook of Contraception. Current Clinical Practice. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-150-5_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-150-5_2

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

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