Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Usual Susceptibility Patterns of Common Moulds and Systemic Fungi

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Interactions of Yeasts, Moulds, and Antifungal Agents

  • 897 Accesses

Abstract

The in vitro susceptibility patterns of some of the common moulds such as Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp., and other hyaline moulds; Zygomycetes, and dematiaceous moulds such as Alternaria spp., Curvularia spp., Exophiala spp., and other black moulds are described in this chapter. For some isolates such as A. fumigatus and A. flavus results are fairly predictable, and isolates are often susceptible to all agents tested; others such as Fusarium sp. may demonstrate less predictable patterns that require that susceptibility be performed for each isolate of significance. In this chapter, we describe the most common susceptibility patterns as found in the published literature, including some geographic differences throughout various parts of the world where results have been reported.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Alastruey-Izquierdo A, Cuenca-Estrella M, Monzon A et al (2008) Antifungal susceptibility of clinical Fusarium spp. isolates identified by molecular methods. J Antimicrob Chemother 61:805–809

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Alastruey-Izquierdo A, Cuenca-Estrella M, Monzon A, Rodriguez-Tudela JL (2007) Prevalence and susceptibility of new species of Pseudallescheria and Scedosporium in a collection of clinical mould isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 51:748–751

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Alastruey-Izquierdo A, Castelli MA, Cuesta I et al (2009) Activity of posaconazole and other antifungal agents against Mucorales strains identified by sequencing of internal transcribed spacers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 53:1686–1689

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Almyroudis NG, Sutton DA, Fothergill AW et al (2007) In vitro susceptibilities of 217 isolates of zygomycetes to conventional and new antifungal agents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 51:2587–2590

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Alvarez E, Garcia-Hermoso D, Sutton DA et al (2010) Molecular phylogeny and proposal of two new species of the emerging pathogenic fungus Saksenaea. J Clin Microbiol 48:4410–4416

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Boyce RD, Deziel PJ, Otley CC et al (2010) Phaeohyphomycosis due to Alternaria species in transplant recipients. Transpl Infect Dis 12:242–250

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Bueid A, Howard SJ, Moore CB et al (2010) Azole antifungal resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus: 2008 and 2009. J Antimicrob Chemother 65:2116–2118

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Castelli MV, Alastruey-Izquierdo A, Cuesta I et al (2008) Susceptibility testing and molecular classification of Paecilomyces spp. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 52:2926–2928

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. CLSI document M38A-2 (2008a) Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi: approved standard, 2nd edn. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA

    Google Scholar 

  10. Cuenca-Estrella M, Alastruey-Izquierdo A, Alcazar-Fuoli L et al (2008) In vitro activities of 35 double combinations of antifungal agents against Scedosporium apiospermum and Scedosporium prolificans. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 52:1136–1139

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Cuenca-Estrella M, Gomez-Lopez A, Buitrago MJ et al (2006) In vitro activities of 10 combinations of antifungal agents against the multiresistant pathogen Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 50:2248–2250

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Cuenca-Estrella M, Gomez-Lopez A, Mellado E et al (2006) Head-to-head comparison of the activities of currently available antifungal agents against 3378 Spanish clinical isolates of yeasts and filamentous fungi. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 50:917–921

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Cuenca-Estrella M, Gomez-Lopez A, Mellado E et al (2009) Activity profile in vitro of micafungin against Spanish clinical isolates of common and emerging species of yeasts and molds. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 53:2192–2195

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Diekema DJ, Messer SA, Hollis RJ et al (2003) Activities of caspofungin, itraconazole, posaconazole, revuconazole, voriconazole, and amphotericin B against 448 recent clinical isolates of filamentous fungi. J Clin Microbiol 41:3623–3626

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Espinel-Ingroff A, Boyle K, Sheehan DJ (2001) In vitro antifungal activities of voriconazole and reference agents as determined by NCCLS methods: review of the literature. Mycopathologia 150:101–115

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Espinel-Ingroff A, Johnson E, Hockey H, Troke P (2008) Activities of voriconazole, itraconazole and amphotericin B in vitro against 590 moulds from 323 patients in the voriconazole Phase III clinical studies. J Antimicrob Chemother 61:616–620

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Espinel-Ingroff A, Diekema DJ, Fothergill A et al (2010) Wild-type MIC distributions and epidemiological cutoff values for the triazoles and six Aspergillus spp. for the CLSI broth microdilution method (M38-A2 Document). J Clin Microbiol 48:3251–3257

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Fera MT, Lacamera E, DeSarro A (2009) New triazoles and echinocandins: mode of action, in vitro activity and mechanisms of resistance. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 7:981–998

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Fothergill AW, Rinaldi MG, Sutton DA (2009) Antifungal susceptibility testing of Exophiala spp. a head-to-head comparison of amphotericin B, itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole. Med Mycol 47:41–43

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Gilgado F, Serena C, Cano J et al (2006) Antifungal susceptibilities of the species of the Pseudallescheria boydii complex. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 50:4211–4213

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Gonzalez GM, Fothergill AW, Sutton DA et al (2005) In vitro activities of new and established triazoles against opportunistic filamentous and dimorphic fungi. Med Mycol 43:281–284

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Heyn K, Tredup A, Salvenmoser S et al (2005) Effect of voriconazole combined with micafungin against Candida, Aspergillus, and Scedosporium spp. and Fusarium solani. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 49:5157–5159

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Iqbal NJ, Boey A, Park BJ, Brandt ME (2008) Determination of in vitro susceptibility of ­ocular Fusarium spp. isolates from keratitis cases and comparison of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M38-A2 and E test methods. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 62:348–350

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Lass-Florl C, Alastruey-Izquierdo A, Cuenca-Estrella M et al (2009) In vitro activities of various antifungal drugs against Aspergillus terreus: global assessment using the methodology of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility testing. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 53:794–795

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Lewis RE, Wiederhold NP, Klepser ME (2005) In vitro pharmacodynamics of amphotericin B, itraconazole, and voriconazole against Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Scedosporium spp. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 49:945–951

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Linares MJ, Charriel G, Solis F et al (2005) Susceptibility of filamentous fungi to voriconazole tested by two microdilution methods. J Clin Microbiol 43:250–253

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Messer A, Moet GJ, Kirby JT et al (2009) Activity of contemporary antifungal agents, including the novel echinocandin, anidulafungin, tested against Candida spp., Cryptococcus spp., and Aspergillus spp.: report from the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program (2006 to 2007). J Clin Microbiol 47:1942–1946

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Perdomo H, Sutton DA, Garcia D et al (2011) Spectrum of clinically relevant Acremonium species in the United States. J Clin Microbiol 49:243–256

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Perkhofer S, Locher M, Cuenca-Estrella M et al (2008) Posaconazole enhances the activity of amphotericin B against hyphae of zygomycetes in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 52:2636–2638

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Pfaller MA, Boyken L, Hollis RJ et al (2009) In vitro susceptibility of clinical isolates of Aspergillus spp. to anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin: a head-to-head comparison using the CLSI M38-A2 broth microdilution method. J Clin Microbiol 47:3323–3325

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Pfaller M, Boyken L, Hollis R et al (2011) Comparison of the broth microdilution methods of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing and the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute for testing itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole against Aspergillus isolates. J Clin Microbiol 49:1110–1112

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Pfaller MA, Castanheira M, Messer SA (2011) Echinocandin and triazole antifungal susceptibility profiles for Candida spp., Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus fumigatus: application of new CLSI clinical breakpoints and epidemiologic cutoff values to characterize resistance in the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program (2009). Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 69:45–50

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Pfaller MA, Messer SA, Boyken L et al (2008) In vitro survey of triazole cross-resistance among more than 700 clinical isolates of Aspergillus species. J Clin Microbiol 46:2568–2572

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Pfaller M, Boyken L, Hollis R et al (2011) Use of epidemiological cutoff values to examine 9-year trends in susceptibility of Aspergillus species to the triazoles. J Clin Microbiol 49:586–590

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Rodriguez-Tudela JL, Alcazar-Fuoli L, Mellado E et al (2008) Epidemiological cutoffs and cross-resistance to azole drugs in A. fumigatus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 52:2468–2472

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Sun Y, Liu W, Wan Z et al (2011) Antifungal activity of antifungal drugs, as well as drug combinations against Exophiala dermatitidis. Mycopathologia 171:111–117

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Yu J, Li R, Zhang M et al (2008) In vitro interaction of terbinafine with itraconazole and amphotericin against fungi causing chromoblastomycosis in China. Med Mycol 46:745–747

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Yustes C, Guarro J (2005) In vitro synergistic interaction between amphotericin B and micafungin against Scedosporium spp. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 49:3498–3500

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Section of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Clinical Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA

    Gerri S. Hall Ph.D.

Authors
  1. Gerri S. Hall Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gerri S. Hall Ph.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Section of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Clinical Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Euclid Ave. 9500, Cleveland, 44195, Ohio, USA

    Gerri S. Hall

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hall, G.S. (2012). Usual Susceptibility Patterns of Common Moulds and Systemic Fungi. In: Hall, G. (eds) Interactions of Yeasts, Moulds, and Antifungal Agents. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-134-5_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation