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Cardiovascular Biomarkers pp 347–372Cite as

Biology of Natriuretic Peptides

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Part of the book series: Contemporary Cardiology ((CONCARD))

Abstract

The natriuretic peptide family consists of a group of structurally similar, but genetically distinct, peptide hormones that play a major role in the regulation of cardiovascular, endocrine, and renal homeostasis. Since the discovery of atrial natriuretic peptide almost 25 yr ago, remarkable progress has been made in the field of natriuretic peptide research. This chapter reviews current knowledge in biology of the natriuretic peptides, including mechanisms of synthesis and release, biological effects, and clearance.

The predominant stimulus controlling the synthesis and release of natriuretic peptides from cardiac atria and ventricles is wall stretch. However, recent evidence suggests ischemia per se may be an additional factor influencing synthesis and release. The biological effects of the natriuretic peptides are mediated via binding to cell surface-associated natriuretic peptide receptors. The natriuretic peptide receptors are expressed widely in the cardiovascular system and have also been identified in the lungs, kidneys, skin, platelets and pre-synaptic sympathetic nerve fibers. Natriuretic peptides are functional antagonists to the major vasoconstrictor neurohormonal axes, exert potent natriuretic and diuretic effects in the kidneys, and modulate cell growth, apoptosis, and proliferation in vascular smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes. The natriuretic peptide system is activated in a broad spectrum of cardiovascular diseases, including systolic diastolic right and left ventricular dysfunction, acute coronary syndromes, stable coronary heart disease, valvular heart disease, and left- and right-ventricular hypertrophy.

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  1. Department of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, University of Oslo, Nordbyhagen, Norway

    Charlotte Kragelund MD (Post-Doctoral Fellow)

  2. Faculty Division Akershus University Hospital, University of Oslo, Nordbyhagen, Norway

    Torbjørn Omland MD, PhD, MPH (Professor of Medicine)

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  1. Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA

    David A. Morrow MD, MPH

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Kragelund, C., Omland, T. (2006). Biology of Natriuretic Peptides. In: Morrow, D.A. (eds) Cardiovascular Biomarkers. Contemporary Cardiology. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-051-5_21

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-051-5_21

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-526-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59745-051-5

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