Abstract
Indications for carotid artery stenting (CAS) have continued to evolve since carotid artery balloon angioplasty was first introduced in the early 1980s. Indeed, with the ongoing development of endovascular techniques and hardware (including stent design, emboli protection devices, and delivery systems) designed to reduce the risks of CAS, coupled with emerging data demonstrating the long-term safety and durability of CAS; accepted indications for CAS hold promise to emerge as a standard alternative to traditional carotid endarterectomy across a wider array of patient populations.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Biller J, et al. Guidelines for carotid endarterectomy: a statement for healthcare professionals from a special writing group of the Stroke Council, American Heart Association. Stroke 1998;29:554–562.
Barnett HJ, et al. Benefit of carotid endarterectomy in patients with symptomatic moderate or severe stenosis. North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators. N Engl J Med 1998;339:1415–1425.
Randomised trial of endarterectomy for recently symptomatic carotid stenosis: final results of the MRC European Carotid Surgery Trial (ECST). Lancet 1998;351:1379–1387.
Rothwell PM, Gutnikov SA, Warlow CP. Reanalysis of the final results of the European Carotid Surgery Trial. Stroke 2003;34:514–523.
Rothwell PM, et al. Analysis of pooled data from the randomised controlled trials of endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis. Lancet 2003;361:107–116.
Endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. Executive Committee for the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study. JAMA 1995;273:1421–1428.
Halliday A, et al. Prevention of disabling and fatal strokes by successful carotid endarterectomy in patients without recent neurological symptoms: randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2004;363: 1491–1502.
Coward LJ, Featherstone RL, Brown MM. Safety and efficacy of endovascular treatment of carotid artery stenosis compared with carotid endarterectomy: a Cochrane systematic review of the randomized evidence. Stroke 2005;36:905–911.
Wholey MH, Al-Mubarek N. Updated review of the global carotid artery stent registry. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2003;60:259–266.
Zahn R, et al. Embolic protection devices for carotid artery stenting: better results than stenting without protection? Eur Heart J 2004;25:1550–1558.
Cosottini M, et al. Silent cerebral ischemia detected with diffusion-weighted imaging in patients treated with protected and unprotected carotid artery stenting. Stroke 2005;36:2389–2393.
Reimers B, et al. Routine use of cerebral protection during carotid artery stenting: results of a multi-center registry of 753 patients. Am J Med 2004;116:217–222.
Cremonesi A, et al. Protected carotid stenting: clinical advantages and complications of embolic protection devices in 442 consecutive patients. Stroke 2003;34:1936–1941.
Roubin GS, et al. Immediate and late clinical outcomes of carotid artery stenting in patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis: a 5-year prospective analysis. Circulation 2001;103:532–537.
Rothwell PM, Slattery J, Warlow CP. A systematic comparison of the risks of stroke and death due to carotid endarterectomy for symptomatic and asymptomatic stenosis. Stroke 1996;27:266–269.
Wennberg DE, et al. Variation in carotid endarterectomy mortality in the Medicare population: trial hospitals, volume, and patient characteristics. JAMA 1998;279:1278–1281.
Barr JD, et al. Quality improvement guidelines for the performance of cervical carotid angioplasty and stent placement. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2003;24:2020–2034.
Rosenfield K, et al. Clinical competence statement on carotid stenting: training and credentialing for carotid stenting-multispecialty consensus recommendations: a report of the SCAI/SVMB/SVS Writing Committee to develop a clinical competence statement on carotid interventions. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;45:165–174.
Bush RL, et al. Carotid artery stenting in a community setting: experience outside of a clinical trial. Ann Vasc Surg 2003; 17:629–634.
Dangas G, et al. Carotid artery stenting in patients with high-risk anatomy for carotid endarterectomy. J Endovasc Ther 2001;8:39–43.
Ziada KM, Yadav JS. In Expanding the Indications for Carotid Stenting: Radiation-Induced Extracranial Carotid Artery Disease. Carotid Intervention, 2001;3:34–45.
Osborn A. Diagnostic Cerebral Angiography. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
Finsterer J, et al. Bilateral stenting of symptomatic and asymptomatic internal carotid artery stenosis due to fibromuscular dysplasia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2000;69:683–686.
Gomez CR. The role of carotid angioplasty and stenting. Semin Neurol 1998;18:501–511.
Liang P, Hoffman GS. Advances in the medical and surgical treatment of Takayasu arteritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2005;17:16–24.
Brown KR, et al. Multistate population-based outcomes of combined carotid endarterectomy and coronary artery bypass. J Vasc Surg 2003;37:32–39.
Naylor R, et al. A systematic review of outcome following synchronous carotid endarterectomy and coronary artery bypass: influence of surgical and patient variables. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2003; 26:230–241.
Bass A, et al. Combined carotid endarterectomy and coronary artery revascularization: a sobering review. Isr J Med Sci 1992;28:27–32.
Paciaroni M, et al. Medical complications associated with carotid endarterectomy. North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET). Stroke 1999;30:1759–1763.
Ferguson GG, et al. The North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial: surgical results in 1415 patients. Stroke 1999;30:1751–1758.
Nicosia A, et al. Carotid artery stenting in the presence of contralateral carotid occlusion: mind the hyperperfusion syndrome! Ital Heart J 2004;5:152–156.
Yadav JS, et al. Protected carotid-artery stenting versus endarterectomy in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med 2004;351:1493–1501.
Schluter M, et al. Focal ischemia of the brain after neuroprotected carotid artery stenting. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;42:1007–1013.
Hammer FD, et al. Cerebral microembolization after protected carotid artery stenting in surgical high-risk patients: results of a 2-year prospective study. J Vasc Surg 2005;42:847–853; discussion 853.
Myla S. Carotid Access Technique: An Algorithmic Approach.
Biasi GM, et al. Carotid plaque echolucency increases the risk of stroke in carotid stenting: the Imaging in Carotid Angioplasty and Risk of Stroke (ICAROS) study. Circulation, 2004;110:756–762.
Coutts SB, Hill MD, Hu WY. Hyperperfusion syndrome: toward a stricter definition. Neurosurgery 2003;53:1053–1058; discussion 1058-1060.
Abou-Chebl A, et al. Intracranial hemorrhage and hyperperfusion syndrome following carotid artery stenting: risk factors, prevention, and treatment. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43:1596–1601.
Henderson RD, et al. Angiographically defined collateral circulation and risk of stroke in patients with severe carotid artery stenosis. North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET) Group. Stroke 2000;31:128–132.
Jansen C, et al. Prediction of intracerebral haemorrhage after carotid endarterectomy by clinical criteria and intraoperative transcranial Doppler monitoring: results of 233 operations. Eur J Vasc Surg 1994;8:220–225.
Penn AA, Schomer DF, Steinberg GK. Imaging studies of cerebral hyperperfusion after carotid endarterectomy. Case report. JNeurosurg 1995;83:133–137.
.Baim D. Grossma’s Cardiac Catheterization, Angiography, and Intervention, 7th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006.
Kapadia SR, et al. Initial experience of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition with abciximab during carotid stenting: a safe and effective adjunctive therapy. Stroke 2001;32:2328–2332.
Biller J, et al. Intraluminal clot of the carotid artery. A clinical-angiographic correlation of nine patients and literature review. Surg Neurol 1986;25:467–477.
Villarreal J. Prognosis of patients with intraluminal thrombus in the internal carotid artery. Stroke 1998;29:276.
Tsumoto T, et al. Carotid artery stenting for stenosis with intraluminal thrombus. Neuroradiology 2005; 1-6.
Jovin TG, et al. Emergent stenting of extracranial internal carotid artery occlusion in acute stroke has a high revascularization rate. Stroke 2005;36:2426–2430.
Zaidat OO, et al. Early carotid artery stenting and angioplasty in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Neurosurgery 2004;55:1237–1242; discussion 1242-1243.
Malek AM, et al. Stent angioplasty for cervical carotid artery stenosis in high-risk symptomatic NASCET-ineligible patients. Stroke 2000;31:3029–3033.
Kovacic JC, et al. Staged carotid artery stenting and coronary artery bypass graft surgery: initial results from a single center. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2006;67:142–148.
Lopes DK, et al. Stent placement for the treatment of occlusive atherosclerotic carotid artery disease in patients with concomitant coronary artery disease. J Neurosurg 2002;96:490–496.
Ziada KM, et al. Comparison of results of carotid stenting followed by open heart surgery versus combined carotid endarterectomy and open heart surgery (coronary bypass with or without another procedure). Am J Cardiol 2005;96:519–523.
Chen MS, et al. Feasibility of simultaneous bilateral carotid artery stenting. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;61:437–442.
Gonzalez A, et al. Safety and security of carotid artery stenting for severe stenosis with contralateral occlusion. Cerebrovasc Dis 2005;20(Suppl 2):123–128.
Sherif C, et al. Neurological outcome of conservative versus endovascular treatment of patients with asymptomatic high-grade carotid artery stenosis: a propensity score-adjusted analysis. J Endovasc Ther2005;12:145–155.
Featherstone RL, Brown MM, Coward LJ. International carotid stenting study: protocol for a ran domised clinical trial comparing carotid stenting with endarterectomy in symptomatic carotid artery stenosis. Cerebrovasc Dis 2004;18:69–74.
Roth well PM, Warlow CP. Prediction of benefit from carotid endarterectomy in individual patients: a risk-modelling study. European Carotid Surgery Trialists’ Collaborative Group. Lancet 1999;353: 2105–2110.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Haery, C., Koul, S., Bhatt, D.L. (2007). Indications for Carotid Artery Stenting. In: Saw, J., Exaire, J.E., Lee, D.S., Yadav, J.S. (eds) Handbook Of Complex Percutaneous Carotid Intervention. Contemporary Cardiology. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-002-7_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-002-7_8
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-605-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-59745-002-7
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)