Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Contemporary Cardiology ((CONCARD))

  • 907 Accesses

Abstract

Indications for carotid artery stenting (CAS) have continued to evolve since carotid artery balloon angioplasty was first introduced in the early 1980s. Indeed, with the ongoing development of endovascular techniques and hardware (including stent design, emboli protection devices, and delivery systems) designed to reduce the risks of CAS, coupled with emerging data demonstrating the long-term safety and durability of CAS; accepted indications for CAS hold promise to emerge as a standard alternative to traditional carotid endarterectomy across a wider array of patient populations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Biller J, et al. Guidelines for carotid endarterectomy: a statement for healthcare professionals from a special writing group of the Stroke Council, American Heart Association. Stroke 1998;29:554–562.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Barnett HJ, et al. Benefit of carotid endarterectomy in patients with symptomatic moderate or severe stenosis. North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators. N Engl J Med 1998;339:1415–1425.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Randomised trial of endarterectomy for recently symptomatic carotid stenosis: final results of the MRC European Carotid Surgery Trial (ECST). Lancet 1998;351:1379–1387.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Rothwell PM, Gutnikov SA, Warlow CP. Reanalysis of the final results of the European Carotid Surgery Trial. Stroke 2003;34:514–523.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Rothwell PM, et al. Analysis of pooled data from the randomised controlled trials of endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis. Lancet 2003;361:107–116.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. Executive Committee for the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study. JAMA 1995;273:1421–1428.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Halliday A, et al. Prevention of disabling and fatal strokes by successful carotid endarterectomy in patients without recent neurological symptoms: randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2004;363: 1491–1502.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Coward LJ, Featherstone RL, Brown MM. Safety and efficacy of endovascular treatment of carotid artery stenosis compared with carotid endarterectomy: a Cochrane systematic review of the randomized evidence. Stroke 2005;36:905–911.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Wholey MH, Al-Mubarek N. Updated review of the global carotid artery stent registry. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2003;60:259–266.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Zahn R, et al. Embolic protection devices for carotid artery stenting: better results than stenting without protection? Eur Heart J 2004;25:1550–1558.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Cosottini M, et al. Silent cerebral ischemia detected with diffusion-weighted imaging in patients treated with protected and unprotected carotid artery stenting. Stroke 2005;36:2389–2393.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Reimers B, et al. Routine use of cerebral protection during carotid artery stenting: results of a multi-center registry of 753 patients. Am J Med 2004;116:217–222.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Cremonesi A, et al. Protected carotid stenting: clinical advantages and complications of embolic protection devices in 442 consecutive patients. Stroke 2003;34:1936–1941.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Roubin GS, et al. Immediate and late clinical outcomes of carotid artery stenting in patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis: a 5-year prospective analysis. Circulation 2001;103:532–537.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Rothwell PM, Slattery J, Warlow CP. A systematic comparison of the risks of stroke and death due to carotid endarterectomy for symptomatic and asymptomatic stenosis. Stroke 1996;27:266–269.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Wennberg DE, et al. Variation in carotid endarterectomy mortality in the Medicare population: trial hospitals, volume, and patient characteristics. JAMA 1998;279:1278–1281.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Barr JD, et al. Quality improvement guidelines for the performance of cervical carotid angioplasty and stent placement. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2003;24:2020–2034.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Rosenfield K, et al. Clinical competence statement on carotid stenting: training and credentialing for carotid stenting-multispecialty consensus recommendations: a report of the SCAI/SVMB/SVS Writing Committee to develop a clinical competence statement on carotid interventions. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;45:165–174.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Bush RL, et al. Carotid artery stenting in a community setting: experience outside of a clinical trial. Ann Vasc Surg 2003; 17:629–634.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Dangas G, et al. Carotid artery stenting in patients with high-risk anatomy for carotid endarterectomy. J Endovasc Ther 2001;8:39–43.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Ziada KM, Yadav JS. In Expanding the Indications for Carotid Stenting: Radiation-Induced Extracranial Carotid Artery Disease. Carotid Intervention, 2001;3:34–45.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Osborn A. Diagnostic Cerebral Angiography. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Finsterer J, et al. Bilateral stenting of symptomatic and asymptomatic internal carotid artery stenosis due to fibromuscular dysplasia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2000;69:683–686.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Gomez CR. The role of carotid angioplasty and stenting. Semin Neurol 1998;18:501–511.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Liang P, Hoffman GS. Advances in the medical and surgical treatment of Takayasu arteritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2005;17:16–24.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Brown KR, et al. Multistate population-based outcomes of combined carotid endarterectomy and coronary artery bypass. J Vasc Surg 2003;37:32–39.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Naylor R, et al. A systematic review of outcome following synchronous carotid endarterectomy and coronary artery bypass: influence of surgical and patient variables. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2003; 26:230–241.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Bass A, et al. Combined carotid endarterectomy and coronary artery revascularization: a sobering review. Isr J Med Sci 1992;28:27–32.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Paciaroni M, et al. Medical complications associated with carotid endarterectomy. North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET). Stroke 1999;30:1759–1763.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Ferguson GG, et al. The North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial: surgical results in 1415 patients. Stroke 1999;30:1751–1758.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Nicosia A, et al. Carotid artery stenting in the presence of contralateral carotid occlusion: mind the hyperperfusion syndrome! Ital Heart J 2004;5:152–156.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Yadav JS, et al. Protected carotid-artery stenting versus endarterectomy in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med 2004;351:1493–1501.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Schluter M, et al. Focal ischemia of the brain after neuroprotected carotid artery stenting. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;42:1007–1013.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Hammer FD, et al. Cerebral microembolization after protected carotid artery stenting in surgical high-risk patients: results of a 2-year prospective study. J Vasc Surg 2005;42:847–853; discussion 853.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Myla S. Carotid Access Technique: An Algorithmic Approach.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Biasi GM, et al. Carotid plaque echolucency increases the risk of stroke in carotid stenting: the Imaging in Carotid Angioplasty and Risk of Stroke (ICAROS) study. Circulation, 2004;110:756–762.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Coutts SB, Hill MD, Hu WY. Hyperperfusion syndrome: toward a stricter definition. Neurosurgery 2003;53:1053–1058; discussion 1058-1060.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Abou-Chebl A, et al. Intracranial hemorrhage and hyperperfusion syndrome following carotid artery stenting: risk factors, prevention, and treatment. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;43:1596–1601.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Henderson RD, et al. Angiographically defined collateral circulation and risk of stroke in patients with severe carotid artery stenosis. North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET) Group. Stroke 2000;31:128–132.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Jansen C, et al. Prediction of intracerebral haemorrhage after carotid endarterectomy by clinical criteria and intraoperative transcranial Doppler monitoring: results of 233 operations. Eur J Vasc Surg 1994;8:220–225.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Penn AA, Schomer DF, Steinberg GK. Imaging studies of cerebral hyperperfusion after carotid endarterectomy. Case report. JNeurosurg 1995;83:133–137.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. .Baim D. Grossma’s Cardiac Catheterization, Angiography, and Intervention, 7th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Kapadia SR, et al. Initial experience of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition with abciximab during carotid stenting: a safe and effective adjunctive therapy. Stroke 2001;32:2328–2332.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Biller J, et al. Intraluminal clot of the carotid artery. A clinical-angiographic correlation of nine patients and literature review. Surg Neurol 1986;25:467–477.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Villarreal J. Prognosis of patients with intraluminal thrombus in the internal carotid artery. Stroke 1998;29:276.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Tsumoto T, et al. Carotid artery stenting for stenosis with intraluminal thrombus. Neuroradiology 2005; 1-6.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Jovin TG, et al. Emergent stenting of extracranial internal carotid artery occlusion in acute stroke has a high revascularization rate. Stroke 2005;36:2426–2430.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Zaidat OO, et al. Early carotid artery stenting and angioplasty in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Neurosurgery 2004;55:1237–1242; discussion 1242-1243.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Malek AM, et al. Stent angioplasty for cervical carotid artery stenosis in high-risk symptomatic NASCET-ineligible patients. Stroke 2000;31:3029–3033.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Kovacic JC, et al. Staged carotid artery stenting and coronary artery bypass graft surgery: initial results from a single center. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2006;67:142–148.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Lopes DK, et al. Stent placement for the treatment of occlusive atherosclerotic carotid artery disease in patients with concomitant coronary artery disease. J Neurosurg 2002;96:490–496.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Ziada KM, et al. Comparison of results of carotid stenting followed by open heart surgery versus combined carotid endarterectomy and open heart surgery (coronary bypass with or without another procedure). Am J Cardiol 2005;96:519–523.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Chen MS, et al. Feasibility of simultaneous bilateral carotid artery stenting. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2004;61:437–442.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Gonzalez A, et al. Safety and security of carotid artery stenting for severe stenosis with contralateral occlusion. Cerebrovasc Dis 2005;20(Suppl 2):123–128.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Sherif C, et al. Neurological outcome of conservative versus endovascular treatment of patients with asymptomatic high-grade carotid artery stenosis: a propensity score-adjusted analysis. J Endovasc Ther2005;12:145–155.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Featherstone RL, Brown MM, Coward LJ. International carotid stenting study: protocol for a ran domised clinical trial comparing carotid stenting with endarterectomy in symptomatic carotid artery stenosis. Cerebrovasc Dis 2004;18:69–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Roth well PM, Warlow CP. Prediction of benefit from carotid endarterectomy in individual patients: a risk-modelling study. European Carotid Surgery Trialists’ Collaborative Group. Lancet 1999;353: 2105–2110.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2007 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Haery, C., Koul, S., Bhatt, D.L. (2007). Indications for Carotid Artery Stenting. In: Saw, J., Exaire, J.E., Lee, D.S., Yadav, J.S. (eds) Handbook Of Complex Percutaneous Carotid Intervention. Contemporary Cardiology. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-002-7_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-002-7_8

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-605-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59745-002-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics