Abstract
To better understand the biology of thyroid malignancies, it is extremely important to have a thorough understanding of the thyroid’s relationship to its surrounding structures, both anatomically and functionally. This would allow a clinician to understand and predict the behavior of such factors as local invasion, regional lymph node, as well as distant metastasis. This short review focuses on some aspects of thyroid anatomy and physiology that are clinically relevant to the diagnosis and management of thyroid cancer.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Burman KD, Adler RA, Wartofsky L. Hemiagenesis of the thyroid gland. Am J Med 1975; 58:143–146.
Monfared A, Saenz Y, Terris DJ. Endoscopic resection of the submandibular gland in a porcine model. Laryngoscope 2002; 112:1089–1093.
Moreau S, Goullet de Rugy M, Babin E, et al. The recurrent laryngeal nerve: related vascular anatomy. Laryngoscope 1998; 108:1351–1353.
Abboud B, Aouad R. Non-recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve in thyroid surgery: report of three cases and review of the literature. J Laryngol Otol 2004; 118:139–142.
Miller FR, Netterville JL. Surgical management of thyroid and parathyroid disorders. Med Clin N Amer 1999; 83:247–259.
Naghavi SE, Jalali MM. Papillary carcinoma of thyroglossal duct cyst. Med Sci Monit 2003; 9:CS67–CS70.
Tang ZH, Li WY. Diagnosis of ectopic thyroid in the tongue root by 99mTcO4(-) and 131I radionuclide thyroid imaging: report of one case. Di Yi Jun Yi Da Xue Xue Bao 2003; 23:1041–1042.
Thomas G, Hollat R, Daniels JS, et al. Ectopic lingual thyroid: a case report. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2003; 32:219–221.
Boer A, Polus K. Lingual thyroid: a rare disease resembling base of tongue neoplasm. Magy Onkol 2002; 46:347–349.
Chiu TT, Su CY, Hwang CF, et al. Massive bleeding from an ectopic lingual thyroid follicular adenoma during pregnancy. Am J Otolaryngol 2002; 23:185–188.
Jimenez Oliver V, Ruiz Rico R, Davila Morillo A, et al. Intra-laryngeal ectopic thyroid tissue. Report of one case and review of the literature. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Esp 2002; 53:54–59.
Byrd MC, Thompson LD, Wieneke JA. Intratracheal ectopic thyroid tissue: a case report and literature review. Ear Nose Throat J 2003; 82:514–518.
Ulug T, Ulubil SA, Alagol F. Dual ectopic thyroid: report of a case. J Laryngol Otol 2003; 117:574–576.
Hollander EJ, Visser MJ, van Baalen JM. Accessory thyroid gland at carotid bifurcation presenting as a carotid body tumor: case report and review of the literature. J Vasc Surg 2004; 39:260–262.
Larysz B, Jedrzychowska-Baraniak J, Nikodemska I, et al. Ectopic thyroid tissue in the heart—a case report. Kardiol Pol 2003; 59:149–151.
Chosia M, Waligorski S, Listewnik MH, Wiechowski S. Ectopic thyroid tissue as a tumour of the heart—case report and review of the literature. Pol J Pathol 2002; 53:173–175.
Williams RJ, Lindop G, Butler J. Ectopic thyroid tissue on the ascending aorta: an operative finding. Ann Thorac Surg 2002; 73:1642–1647.
Ihtiyar E, Isiksoy S, Algin C, et al. Ectopic thyroid in the gallbladder: report of a case. Surg Today 2003; 33:777–780.
Ghanem N, Bley T, Altehoefer C, et al. Ectopic thyroid gland in the porta hepatis and lingua. Thyroid 2003; 13:503–507.
Gungor B, Kebat T, Ozaslan C, et al. Intra-abdominal ectopic thyroid presenting with hyperthyroidism: report of a case. Surg Today 2002; 32:148–150.
Ribeiro-Silva A, Bezerra AM, Serafini LN. Malignant Struma Ovarii: an autopsy report of a clinically unsuspected tumor. Gynecol Oncol 2002; 87:213–215.
Perez JS, Munoz M, Naval L, Blasco A, Diaz FJ. Papillary carcinoma arising in lingual thyroid. J Cranio-maxillofac Surg 2003; 31:179–182.
Massine RE, Durning SJ, Koroscil TM. Lingual thyroid carcinoma: a case report and review of the literature. Thyroid 2001; 11:1191–1196.
Kao SY, Tu H, Chang RC, et al. Primary ectopic thyroid papillary carcinoma in the floor of the mouth and tongue: a case report. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2002; 40:213–215.
Meyer JS, Steinberg LS. Microscopically benign thyroid follicles in cervical lymph nodes. Serial section study of lymph node inclusions and entire thyroid gland in 5 cases. Cancer 1969; 24:302–311.
Jovanovic L, Delahunt B, McIver B, et al. Thyroid gland clonality revisited: the embryonal patch size of the normal human thyroid gland is very large, suggesting X-chromosome inactivation; tumor clonality studies of thyroid tumors have to be interpreted with caution. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88:3284–3291.
Stanbury JB, Ermans AE, Bourdoux P, et al. Iodine-induced hyperthyroidism: occurrence and epidemiology. Thyroid 1998; 8:83–100.
Ermans AM, Camus M. Modifications of thyroid function induced by chronic administration of iodide in the presence of “autonomous” thyroid tissue. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 19 1972; 70:463–475
Wolff J, Chaikoff I. Plasma inorganic iodide as a homeostatic regulator of thyroid function. J Biol Chem 1948; 147:555.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Stathatos, N. (2006). Anatomy and Physiology of the Thyroid Gland. In: Wartofsky, L., Van Nostrand, D. (eds) Thyroid Cancer. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-995-0_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-995-0_1
Publisher Name: Humana Press
Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-462-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-995-0
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)