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Obesity, Diabetes, and Endothelial Dysfunction

  • Chapter
Obesity and Diabetes

Part of the book series: Contemporary Diabetes ((CDI))

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Abstract

The prevalence of obesity is increasing globally and is associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes. The coexistence of obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance or impaired glucose metabolism has been termed the metabolic syndrome. Many studies have shown that people with metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes are more likely to experience cardiovascular events even in the absence of baseline evidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This increased risk of CVD is owing to a complex interplay of many risk factors, one of which is endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial dysfunction is an early event in atherogenesis and has been shown to precede by several years the development of clinically detectable atherosclerotic plaques in the coronary arteries. Recent evidence points to adipose tissue as a complex and active endocrine tissue whose secretory products, including free fatty acids (FFAs), leptin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), resistin, and other cytokines, play a major role in the regulation of human metabolic and vascular biology. As a result, adipocytes are now claimed to be the missing link between insulin resistance and CVD. Lifestyle modification in the form of caloric restriction and increased physical activity is the most common approach used for improving endothelial and/or adipose-tissue functions with the expectation that this may reduce cardiovascular events in obese individuals with either the metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Clinical Research, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA

    Geetha R. Soodini MD, Edward S. Horton MD & Osama Hamdy MD, PhD

Authors
  1. Geetha R. Soodini MD
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  2. Edward S. Horton MD
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  3. Osama Hamdy MD, PhD
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA

    Christos S. Mantzoros MD, DSc

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© 2006 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ

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Soodini, G.R., Horton, E.S., Hamdy, O. (2006). Obesity, Diabetes, and Endothelial Dysfunction. In: Mantzoros, C.S. (eds) Obesity and Diabetes. Contemporary Diabetes. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-985-1_12

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-985-1_12

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-538-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-985-1

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