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Natural Products pp 251–272Cite as

Arsenic Trioxide and Leukemia

From Bedside to Bench

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Abstract

Cumulative evidence indicates that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an important resource for discoveries of drugs against cancer. Arsenic, a common, naturally existing substance, is rarely found in its pure elemental state in nature. In addition to the organic arsenicals, there are three major inorganic arsenic forms: red arsenic (As2S2), yellow arsenic (As2S3), and white arsenic (As2O3, ATO). Based on the basic TCM theory of “using poison against poison,” a group from Harbin Medical University in the northeastern region of China in the early 1970s introduced intravenous infusion of “Ailing-1 (anticancer-1),” a solution of crude ATO and herbal extracts, into cancer therapy. After a lengthy study in more than 1000 patients with various kinds of cancers, acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), a specific subtype of acute myeloid leukemia characterized by the failure of differentiation/ maturation towards granulocytic cells at the promyelocytic stage, was determined to be an excellent target for “Ailing-1” therapy. At the same time, there were reports of using the formula called “niu huang jie du pian” (containing xiong huang) or just using xiong huang (realgar) by itself to treat APL. A formula of Qing Dai (indigo) containing xiong huang as the main Chinese herb was reported to result in 98.3% total remission.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

    Guo-Qiang Chen

  2. Health Science Center, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

    Guo-Qiang Chen

  3. Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

    Qiong Wang, Hua Yan & Zhu Chen

Authors
  1. Guo-Qiang Chen
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  2. Qiong Wang
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  3. Hua Yan
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  4. Zhu Chen
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China

    Lixin Zhang PhD

  2. SynerZ Pharmaceuticals Inc., Lexington, MA

    Lixin Zhang PhD

  3. Charles A. Dana Research Institute (R.I.S.E.), Drew University, Madison, NJ

    Arnold L. Demain PhD

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© 2005 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ

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Chen, GQ., Wang, Q., Yan, H., Chen, Z. (2005). Arsenic Trioxide and Leukemia. In: Zhang, L., Demain, A.L. (eds) Natural Products. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-976-9_11

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-976-9_11

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-58829-383-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-976-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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