Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a pleiotropic cytokine that can affect the growth, differentiation, and metabolism of virtually every nucleated cell type in the body. TNF promotes immunity, but its expression is also associated with pathologies, such as rheumatoid arthritis, type II diabetes, and cachexia. Two distinct cell-surface receptors bind TNF, the type I receptor (TNFR1), which contains a conserved motif called a “death domain“ in its C-terminus, and the type II receptor. Binding of TNF to TNFR1 brings the death domains of TNFR1 into physical proximity, thereby promoting their interactions with cytoplasmic proteins that also contain death domains. Thus, a signal transduction cascade is initiated that coincidentally activates caspases that promote cell death and, additionally, anti-apoptotic events. The balance between these arms of the TNFR1 signaling cascade determines whether cells live or die.
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© 2005 Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ
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Ozes, O.N. et al. (2005). Tumor Necrosis Factor-α/Receptor Signaling Through the Akt Kinase. In: Bhattacharya, J. (eds) Cell Signaling in Vascular Inflammation. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-909-7_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-909-7_2
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