Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Special Problems of Prostate Cancer Among African Americans

Clinical and Molecular Factors

  • Chapter
Management of Prostate Cancer

Part of the book series: Current Clinical Urology ((CCU))

  • 176 Accesses

Abstract

In 2003, approx 1.3 million Americans will be diagnosed with invasive cancer. Racial/ethnic minorities are expected to account for a disproportionate number of these cancers. African Americans in particular have a 10% higher incidence rate and a 30% higher death rate from all cancers combined than Whites (1).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 74.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Ghafoor A, Jemal A, Cokkinides V, et al. Cancer statistics for African Americans. CA Cancer J Clin 2002; 52: 326–341.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. American Cancer Society: Cancer Facts and Figures, 2003. American Cancer Society, 2003. National Home Office, Atlanta, GA, 30, 329–34, 251.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Glover FE, Coffey DS, Douglas L, et al. The epidemiology of prostate cancer in Jamaica. J Urol 1998; 159: 1984–1986.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Wang Y, Corr JG, Thaler HT, Tao Y, Fair WR, Heston WD. Decreased growth of established human prostate LNCaP tumors in nude mice fed a low-fat diet. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995; 87: 1456–1462.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Osegbe DN. Prostate cancer in Nigeria: facts and non-facts. J Urol 1997; 157: 1340–1343.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Ogunbiyi JO, Shittu OB. Increased incidence of prostate cancer in Nigerians. J Natl Med Assoc 1999; 91: 159–164.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Athanase BA. Age and race distribution of high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN): an autopsy study in Brazil (South America). In: Modern Pathology, 85th Annual Meeting 1996; 9: 71A.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program (http://www.seer.cancer.gov) SEER*Stat Database: Mortality—All COD, Public-Use with State, Total U.S. (1969-2000), National Cancer Institute, DCCPS, Surveillance Research Program, Cancer Statistics Branch, released April 2003. Underlying mortality data provided by NCHS (http://www.cdc.gov/nchs).

  9. Powell IJ, Banerjee M, Sakr W, et al. Should African American men be tested for prostate carcinoma at an earlier age than white men? Cancer 1999; 85: 472–477.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Austin J, Oziz H, Potter L, et al. Diminished survival of young Blacks with adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Am J Clin Oncol 1990; 13: 465–469.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Stamey TA, Raimondo M, Yemoto CE, McNeal JE, Johnstone IM. Effect of aging on morphologic and clinical predictors of prostate cancer progression. J Urol 2000; 163: 54.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Powell IJ, Schwartz K, Hussain M. Removal of the financial barrier to health care: does it impact on prostate cancer at presentation and survival? A comparative study between Black and White men in a Veterans Affairs system. Urology 1995; 46: 825–830.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Powell IJ, Banerjee M, Novallo M, et al. Prostate cancer biochemical recurrence stage for stage is more frequent among African American than white men with locally advanced but not organ-confined disease. Urology 2000; 55: 246–251.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Pettaway CA, Troncoso P, Ramirez EI. Prostate specific antigen and pathological features of prostate cancer in Black and White patients: a comparative study based on radical prostatectomy specimens. J Urol 1998; 160: 437–442.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Moul JW, Douglas TH, McCarthy WF, et al. Black race is an adverse prognostic factor for prostate cancer recurrence following radical prostatectomy in an equal access health care setting. J Urol 1996; 155: 1667–1673.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Freedland SJ, Jolkut M, Dorey F, et al. Race is not an independent predictor of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy in an equal access medical center. Urology 2000; 56: 87–91.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Thompson I, Tangen C, Tolcher A, et al. Association of African American ethnic background with survival in men with metastatic prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001; 93: 219–275.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Powell IJ, Dey J, Dudley A, et al. Disease-free survival difference between African Americans and Whites after radical prostatectomy for local prostate cancer: a multivariable analysis. Urology 2002; 59: 907–912.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Bianco FJ, Wood DP, Grignon DJ, Sakr WA, Pontes JE, Powell IJ. Prostate cancer stage shift has eliminated the gap in disease free survival in Black and White American men after radical prostatectomy. J Urol 2002; 168: 479–482.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Paquette EL, Connelly RR, Sesterhenn IA, et al. Improvements in pathologic staging for African-American men undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy during the prostate specific antigen era: implications for screening a high-risk group for prostate carcinoma. Cancer 2001; 92: 26–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Powell IJ, Heilberun LK, Sakr W, et al. The predictive value of race as a clinical prognostic factor among patients with clinically localized prostate cancer: a multivariate analysis of positive margins. Urology 1997; 49: 726–731.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Sakr WA, Grignon DJ, Powell IJ, et al. Gleason score VII prostate cancer, a heterogeneous entity? Correlation with pathologic parameters and disease-free survival. Urology 2000; 56: 730–734.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Freeman VL, Leszczak J, Cooper RS. Race and the histologic grade of prostate cancer. Prostate 1997; 30: 79–84.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Land SA, Fowler JE, Bigler SA, et al. Cause specific survival or Black and White American veterans with prostate cancer. J Urol 1998; 159: 295.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Moul JW, Sesterhenn IA, Connelly RR, et al. Prostate specific antigen values at the time of prostate cancer diagnosis in African American men. JAMA 1995; 274: 1277–1281.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Moul JW, Connelly RR, Mooneyhan RM, et al. Racial differences in tumor volume and prostate specific antigen among radical prostatectomy patients. J Urol 1999; 162: 394–397.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Fowler JE Jr, Bigler SA, Kilambi NK, Land SA. Relationships between prostate specific antigen and prostate volume in black and white men with benign prostate biopsies. Urology 1999; 53: 1175–1178.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Brawer MK, Chetner MP, Beatie J, et al. Screening for prostate carcinoma with prostate specific antigen. J Urol 1992; 147: 841–845.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Smith DS, Bullock AD, Catalona WJ. Racial differences in operating characteristics of prostate cancer screening test. J Urol 1997; 158: 1861–1865.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Powell IJ, Heilbrun L, Littrup P, et al. Outcome of African American men screened for prostate cancer, the DEED (Detroit Education and Early Detection) study. J Urol 1997; 158: 146–149.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Sakr WA, Haas GP, Cassin BF, Pontes JE, Crissman JD. The frequency of carcinoma and intraepithelial neoplasm of the prostate in young male patients. J Urol 1993; 150: 379–385.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Guileyardo JM, Johnson WD, Welsh RA, et al. Prevalence of latent prostate carcinoma in two U.S. populations. J Natl Cancer Inst 1980; 65: 311–316.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Sakr WA, Grignon DJ, Haas G, et al. Age and racial distribution of prostate intraepithelial neoplasia. Eur Urol 1996; 30: 138–144.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Billis A. Age and race distribution of high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. An autopsy study in Brazil (South America) J Urol Pathol 1996; 5: 175–181.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Whittemore AS, Keller JP, Betensky R. Low grade latent prostate cancer volume: predictor of clinical cancer incidence? J Natl Cancer Inst 1991; 83: 1231–1235.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Ross Rk, Bernstein L, Judd H, et al. Serum testosterone levels in young black and white men. J Natl Cancer Inst 1986; 76: 45–48.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Henderson BE, Bernstien L, Ross RK, et al. The early in utero estrogen and testosterone environment of blacks and whites: potential effects on male offspring. Br J Cancer 1988; 57: 216–218.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Sakr WA. High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia: additional links to a potentially more aggressive prostate cancer? J Natl Cancer Inst 1998; 90: 486–487.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Ross RK, Pike MC, Coetzee GA, et al. Androgen metabolism and prostate cancer: establishing a model of genetic susceptibility. Cancer Res 1998; 58: 4497–4504.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Ruijter E, van de Kaa C, Miller G, Ruiter D, Debruyne F, Schalken J. Molecular genetics and epidemiology of prostate carcinoma. Endocr Rev 1999; 20: 22–45.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Reichardt JKV, Makridakis N, Henderson BE, Yu MC, Pike MC, Ross RK. Genetic variability of the human SRD5A2 gene: implication for prostate cancer risk. Cancer Res 1995; 55: 3973–3975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Rebbeck TR, Jaffe JM, Walker AH, Wein AJ, Malkowicz SB. Modification of clinical presentation of prostate tumors by a novel genetic variant in CYP3A4. J Natl Cancer Inst 1998; 90: 1225–1229.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Walker AH, Jaffe JM, Gunasegaram S, et al. Characterization of an allelic variant in the nifedipinespecific element of CYP3A4: ethnic distribution and implications for prostate cancer risk. Hum Mutat, Mutation in Brief #191, URL: http://journals.wiley.com/1059–7794/pdf/mutations/191.pdf/1998.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Paris PL, Kupelian PA, Hall JM, et al. Assoication between a CYP3A4 genetic variant and clinical presentation in African American prostate cancer patients. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1998; 8: 901–905.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Powell IJ, Land SJ, Dey J, et al. CYP3A4 Genetic variant and survival analysis among a diverse population of men undergoing radical prostatectomy. J Urol 2003; 169: 75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Makridakis NM, Ross RK, Pike MC, et al. Association of mis-sense substitution in SRD5A2 gene with prostate cancer in African American and Hispanic men in Los Angeles. USA Lancet 1999; 354: 975–978.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Jaffe JM, Malkowicz SB, Walker AH, et al. Association of SRD5A2 genotype and pathological characteristics of prostate tumors. Cancer Res 2000; 60: 1626–1630.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Hardy DO, Scher HI, Bogenreider T, et al. Androgen receptor CAG repeat lengths in prostate cancer: correlation with age of onset. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996; 81: 4400–4405.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Coetzee GA, Ross RK. Prostate cancer and the androgen receptor. J Natl Cancer Inst 1994; 86: 872–873.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Ross RK, Henderson BE. Do diet and androgen alter prostate cancer risk via a common etiologic pathway? J Natl Cancer Inst 1994; 86: 252–254.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Whittemore AS, Kolonel LN, Wu AH, et al. Prostate cancer in relation to diet, physical activity and body size in Blacks, Whites, and Asians in the United States and Canada. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995; 87: 652–661.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Ross RK, Henderson BE. Do diet and androgen alter prostate cancer risk via a common etiologic pathway? J Natl Cancer Inst 1994; 86: 252–254.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Giovannucci E, Rimm EB, Colditz GA, et al. A prospective study of dietary fat and risk of prostate cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993; 85: 1571–1579.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Isaac J. Powell
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Section of Urology Oncology, Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA

    Eric A. Klein MD (Head) (Head)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2004 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Powell, I.J. (2004). The Special Problems of Prostate Cancer Among African Americans. In: Klein, E.A. (eds) Management of Prostate Cancer. Current Clinical Urology. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-776-5_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-776-5_6

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-5711-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-776-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation