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Molecular Biology and Biosynthesis of Collagens

  • Chapter
The Skeleton

Abstract

The collagens are a heterogeneous family of extracellular matrix proteins that have a major role in maintaining the structural integrity of various tissues and organs, although they also have many other important biological functions. Collagens are the most abundant proteins in the human body, with approx 30% of protein mass consisting of collagen. Tissues that are especially rich in collagens are bone, skin, tendon, cartilage, ligaments, and vascular walls. The extracellular matrix in bone and tendon consists of up to 90% of collagen and that of skin approx 50%. The collagen superfamily now includes at least 27 collagen types and more than 15 additional proteins that have collagen-like domains. Most collagens form polymeric assemblies, and the superfamily can be divided into several classes based on their supramolecular structures or other features. Biosynthesis of collagens is a complex process that requires eight specific post-translational enzymes. Collagens have an important role in the healing of wounds and fractures and, thus, inhibition of collagen synthesis will delay healing. However, excessive collagen formation can lead to fibrosis, thus impairing the normal functioning of the affected organ. The essential function of collagens is illustrated by the wide variety of disease phenotypes caused by mutations in their genes.

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  1. Johanna Myllyharju
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  1. Developmental Biology Branch, Reproductive Toxicology Division, The National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA

    Edward J. Massaro  & John M. Rogers  & 

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Myllyharju, J. (2004). Molecular Biology and Biosynthesis of Collagens. In: Massaro, E.J., Rogers, J.M. (eds) The Skeleton. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-736-9_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-736-9_5

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

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