Abstract
Vitamin D is the major regulator of calcium homeostasis and protects the organism from calcium deficiency via effects on the intestine, kidney, parathyroid gland, and bone. Disturbances in the vitamin D endocrine system, for example, vitamin D-dependent rickets type I and type II, result in profound effects on the mineralization of bone. Also, recent studies with vitamin D receptor (VDR) knockout mice show effects on bone. It is questioned whether vitamin D has a direct effect on bone formation and mineralization. In rickets and in particular vitamin D receptor knockout mice, calcium supplementation restores bone mineralization. However, the vitamin D receptor (see Vitamin D Receptor section) is present in osteoblasts, and vitamin D affects the expression of various genes in osteoblasts (see Introduction: Osteoblasts and Effects of Vitamin D on Osteoblast Function and Mineralization sections). Vitamin D regulates the expression of genes and osteoblast activity not in an independent manner but often in interaction with other hormones and/or growth factors (see section titled Interaction of Vitamin D with Other Factors).
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van Leeuwen, J.P.T.M., van Driel, M., Pols, H.A.P. (2004). Control of Osteoblast Function and Bone Extracellular Matrix Mineralization by Vitamin D. In: Massaro, E.J., Rogers, J.M. (eds) The Skeleton. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-736-9_21
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-736-9_21
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