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Endocrinology of Aging pp 41–61Cite as

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis in Aging

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Part of the book series: Contemporary Endocrinology ((COE,volume 20))

Abstract

Dietary iodine (I) is essential for synthesis of thyroid hormone (TH). The usual dietary I intake is 150–250 µg/d. Iodine is absorbed in the upper gastrointestinal tract, enters the blood tream, and is actively transported into thyroid cells by the sodium (Na+)/iodide (I-) symporter (NIS), a membrane transport protein. The I- that is not concentrated by the thyroid, is rapidly cleared by the kidneys. The trapped I- is oxidized by thyroid peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide to an unstable intermediate, which is rapidly incorpo-rated into yrosine, to form monoiodotyrosine (MIT) and diiodotyrosine (DIT) in peptide linkage within the thyroglobulin molecule. The iodotyrosines couple to form thyroxine (3,5,3′,5′-tetraiodothyronine, T4) or triiodothyronine (3,5,3′-triiodothyronine, T3), areaction that is also catalyzed by thyroid peroxidase. Once iodinated, thyroglobulin containing newly formed iodothyronines is stored in the follicular lumen. The T4:T3 ratio within the thyroid is about 10.

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Authors
  1. Mary H. Samuels MD
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  2. A. Eugene Pekary PhD
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  3. Jerome M. Hershman MD
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  1. Sciences Center, Saint Louis University Health, St. Louis, MO, USA

    John E. Morley MB, BCh  & Lucretia van den Berg MB, BCh  & 

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Samuels, M.H., Pekary, A.E., Hershman, J.M. (2000). Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis in Aging. In: Morley, J.E., van den Berg, L. (eds) Endocrinology of Aging. Contemporary Endocrinology, vol 20. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-715-4_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-715-4_4

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