Abstract
The recorded use of Cannabis dates back well over 3000 years, with use as an intoxicant and as a medicinal formulation contributing to its considerable historical presence. Despite the recognition and use of Cannabis as a medicinal natural product by many cultures, its use in Western medicine began to decrease early in this century. With the passing of the Marihuana Tax Act of 1937, its use was effectively prohibited and its cultivation was disallowed in the United States. In 1942, the U.S. Pharmacopeia removed marihuana from its listings. In the 1960s, however, whereas the medicinal and industrial use of marihuana continued to decrease in the United States, the use of marihuana as an illegal intoxicant increased dramatically. By the early 1990s, the only legal therapeutic application of Cannabis in the United States was to a small number of individuals (less than 20) who still received marihuana through a compassionate use program that was terminated in 1992. So it was remarkable when, despite numerous efforts to discourage marihuana use in the United States, grassroots organizations in Arizona and California were able to pass proposals to legalize the prescription and use of medicinal marihuana in 1997.
Keywords
- Research Triangle Institute
- Grassroots Organization
- Cannabis Cigarette
- Cannabis Preparation
- Medicinal Natural Product
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Turner, C. E., Hadley, K. W., Fetterman, P. S., Doorenbos, N. J., Quimby, M. W., and Waller, C. (1973) Constituents of Cannabis sativa L. IV: stability of cannabinoids in stored plant material. J. Pharm. Sci. 62, 1601–1605.
Farmilo and Lerner (1963)
Lerner and Zeffert (1968)
Davis, K. H., Jr., Martin, N. H., Pitt, C. G., Wildes, J. W., and Wall, M. E. (1970) The preparation and analysis of enriched and pure cannabinoids from marihuana and hashish. Lloydia 33, 453–460.
Carlini, E. A., Santos, M., Claussen, U., Bieniek, D., and Korte, F. (1970) Structure-activity relation of four tetrahydocannabinols and the pharmacological activity of five semipurified extracts of Cannabis sativa. Psychopharmacology 18, 82–93.
Karriol, I. G. and Carlini, E. A. (1973) Pharmacological interaction between cannabidiol and 49- tetrahydrocannabinol. Psychopharmacology.. 33: 53–70.
Karriol, I. G. and Carlini, E. A. (1973) Comparative study between semipurified extracts of marihuana obtained in Fermany and Brazil. Possible interference of cannabidiol and/or canabinol on the effect of D9trans-tetrahydrocannabinol. Cienc. Cult. 25, 749–751.
Fairbairn, J. W., Liebmann, J. A., and Rowan, M. G. (1976) The stability of Cannabis and its preparations on storage. J. Pharm. Pharmac. 28, 1–7.
Harvey (1990)
Sherman et al. (1991)
Hollister (1986)
Chusid, M. J., Gelfand, J. A., Nutter, C., and Fauci, A. S. (1975) Pulmonary aspergillosis, inhalation of contaminated marihuana smoke, chrnic granulomatous disease. Ann. Int. Med. 82, 682–682.
Ungerleider, J. T., Andrysiak, T., Tashkin, D. P., and Gale, R. P. (1982) Contamination of marihuana cigarettes with pathogenic bacteria — possible source of infection in cancer patients. Cancer Treat. Lett. 66, 589–592.
Kagen, S. L., Kurup, V. P., Sohnle, P. G., and Fink, J. N. (1983) Marihuana smoking and fungal sensitizatioin. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 71, 389–393.
Karup, V. P., Resnick, A., Kagen, S. L., Cohen, S. H., and Fink, J. N. (1983) Allergenic fungi and actinomycetes in smoking materials and their health implications. Mycopathologia 82, 61–64.
Perez-Reyes, M. (1990) Marihuana smoking: factors that influence the bioavailability of tetrahydrocannabinol, In: ( Chiang, N.C. and Hawks R., eds.), Research Findings on Smoking of Abused Substances, NIDA Research Monograph vol. 99, pp. 42–61.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Thomas, B.F. et al. (1999). Composition and Stability of a Standard Marihuana Cigarette. In: Nahas, G.G., Sutin, K.M., Harvey, D., Agurell, S., Pace, N., Cancro, R. (eds) Marihuana and Medicine. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-710-9_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-710-9_14
Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ
Print ISBN: 978-1-4757-5717-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-710-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive