Skip to main content

Food Toxicology and Immunity

  • Chapter
  • 774 Accesses

Abstract

Food is an extremely complex matrix consisting of thousands of natural components, many of which have not been characterized. In addition, it may contain food additives (such as colorings, texturizers, flavoring agents, etc.), pesticide residues, drugs used in food-producing animals, chemical pollutants (such as lead and arsenic), microbial contaminants, and substances produced by cooking. As stated by Katsonis et al. (1),“Food in general is more complex and variable in composition than are all the other substances to which humans are exposed. However, there is nothing to which humans have greater exposure despite the uncertainty about its chemical identity, consistency, and purity.”

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Kotsonis FN, Burdock GA, Flamm WG. Food toxicology. In: Klaas-sen CD ed, Casarett und Doull’s Toxicology. The Basic Science of Poisons, 5th ed., pp, 909–49. McGraw-Hill, 1975 New York.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Archer DL, Young FE. Contemporary issues: disease with a food vector. Clin Microbiol Rev 1988; 1: 377–98.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Marrack P, Kappler J. The staphylococcal enterotoxins and their relatives. Science 1990; 248: 705–11.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Karp DR, Teletski CL, Scholl P, Geha RS, Long EO. The al domain of the HLA-DR molecule is essential for high-affinity binding of the toxic shock syndrome toxin-1. Nature 1990; 346: 474.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Scherer MT, Ignatowics L, Winslow GM, Kappler JW, Marrack P. Superantigens: bacterial and viral proteins that manipulate the immune system. Annu Rev Cell Biol 1993; 9: 101–128.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Kotb M. Superantigens in human diseases. Clin Microbiol Newslett 1997; 19: 145–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Kotb M. Role of superantigens in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases and their sequelae. Curr Opin Infect Dis 1992; 5: 364–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Acha-Orbea H. Bacterial and viral superantigens: roles in autoimmunity? Ann Rheum Dis 1993; 52: 16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Schlievert PM. Role of superantigens in human diseases. J Infect Dis 1993; 167: 997–1002.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Everson ML, Hinds MW, Bernstein RS, Bergdoll MS. Estimation of human dose of Staphylococcal enterotoxin A from a large outbreak of staphylococcal food poisoning involving chocolate milk. J Food Microbiol 1988; 7: 311–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Frieman SM, Tumang JR, Crow MK. Microbial superantigens as etiopathogenic agents in autoimmunity. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 1993; 19: 207–22.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Schad EM, Zaitseva I, Zaitsev VN, Dohlsten M, Kalland T, Schlievert PM, et al. Crystal structure of the superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin type A. EMBO J 1995; 14: 3292–301.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Harris TO, Grossman D, Kappler JW, Marrack P, Rich RR, Betley MJ. Lack of complete correlation between emetic and T-cell-stimulatory activities of staphylococcal enterotoxins. Infect Immun 1993; 61: 3175–83.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Stelma GN, Bradshaw JG, Kauffman PE, Archer DL. Thermal inactivation of mitogenic and serological activities of staphylococcal enterotoxin A at 1210C. IRCS Med Sci 1980; 8: 629.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Neophytou PI, Roep BO, Arden SD, Muir EM, Duinkerken G, Kallan A, et al. T-cell epitope analysis using subtracted expression libraies (TEASEL): application of a 38-kDA autoantigen recognized by T cells from an insulin-dependent diabetic patient. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996; 93: 2014–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Soos JM, Hobeika AC, Butfiloski EJ, Schiffenbauer J, Johnson HM. Accelerated induction of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in PL/J mice by a non-V beta 8-specific superantigen. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995; 92: 6082–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Rott O, Mignon-Godfroy K, Fleischer B, Charreire J, Cash E. Super-antigens induce primary T cell responses to soluble autoantigens by a non-V beta specific mechanism of bystander activation. Cell Immunol 1995; 161: 158–65.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Schiffenbauer J, Johnson HM, Butfiloski EJ, Wegrzyn L, Soos JM. Staphylococcal enterotoxins can reactivate experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993; 90: 8543–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Ellerman KE, Like AA. Staphylococcal enterotoxin-activated spleen cells passively transfer diabetes in BB/Wor rat. Diabetes 1992; 41: 527–32.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Al-Daccak R, Mehindate K, Poubelle PE, Mourad W. Signalling via MHC class II molecules selectively induces IL-1 beta over IL-1 receptor antagonist gene expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1994; 201: 855–60.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Nielsen M, Svejgaard A, Ropke C, Nordahl M, Odum N. Staphylococcal enterotoxins modulate interleukin 2 receptor expression and ligand-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the Janus protein-tyrosine kinase 3 (Jak3) and signal transducers and activators of transcription (Stat proteins). PNAS 1995; 92: 10, 995–9.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Crow MK, Zagon G, Chu Z, Ravina B, Tumang JR, Cole BC, etal. Human B cell differentiation induced by microbial superantigens: unselected peripheral blood lymphocytes secrete polyclonal immunoglobulin in response to Mycoplasma arthritidis mitogen. Autoimmunity 14: 23–32.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Kawamura T, Nagata M, Utsugi T, Yoon JW. Prevention of autoimmune type I diabetes by CD4+ suppressor T cells in superantigentreated non-obese diabetic mice. J Immunol 151: 4362–70.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Bamburg JR, Strong FM. 12,13-Epoxitrichothecenes. In: Kadis S, Ciegler A, Ajl SJ, eds, Microbial Toxins Vol. VII, pp. 207–92. Academic, London, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Vidal DR. Properties immunosuppressives des mycotoxines du groupe des trichothecenes. Bull Inst Pasteur 1990; 88: 159–92. 47.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Brian PW, McGowan JC. Biologically active metabolic products of the mold Metarrhizium glutinosum S. Pope. Nature 1946; 157: 334.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Bamburg JR. Biological and biochemical actions of trichothecene mycotoxins. In: Hahn FE, eds, Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology, Vol. 8, pp. 41–110. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1983.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  28. Matsuoka Y, Kubota K. Studies on mechanisms of diarrhea induced by fusarenone-X, a trichothecene mycotoxin from Fusarium species. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1981; 57: 293–301.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Joffe AZ. Alimentary toxic aleukia. In: Kadis S, Ciegler A, Ajl SJ, eds, 50. Microbial Toxins, Vol. VII, pp. 139–89. Academic, London, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Watson SA, Mirocha CJ, Hayes AW. Analysis for trichothecenes in samples from southeast asia associated with “yellow rain. ” Fund Appl Toxicol 1984; 4: 700–17.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Corner DE. Mycotoxins: mechanisms of inununosuppression. Vet Immunopathol 1991; 30: 73–87.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Pestka JJ, Bondy GS. Alteration of immune function following dietary mycotoxin exposure. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1990; 68: 1009–16.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Pestka JJ, Forsell JH. Inhibition of human lymphocyte transformation by the macrocycfic trichothecenes rondin A and verrucarin A. Toxicol Lett 1988; 41: 215–22.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Vesonder RF, Ciegler A, Jensen AH. Isolation of the emetic principle 54. from Fusarium-infected corn. Appl Microbiol 1973; 26: 1008–10.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Ueno Y. Trichothecenes: chemical, biological and toxicological aspects. In: Ueno Y, ed, Developments in Food Science Vol 4, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Hietaniemi V, Kumpulainen J. Concents of Fusarium toxins in finnish and imported grains and feeds. Food Addit Contamin 1991; 8: 171–82.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Pestka JJ, Dong W. Serum IgE hyperelevation in B6C3F1 mice following pulsed dietary exposure to the trichothecene vomitoxin. FASEB, 1992, Anaheim, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Rasooly L, Pestka JJ. Vomitoxin-induced modulation of serum IgA, IgM, and IgG reactive with natural gut and self antigens. Food Chem Toxicol 1991; 30: 499–504.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Pestka JJ, Dong W, Warner RL, Rasooly L, Bondy GS, Brooks KH. Elevated membrane IgA+ and CD4+ (T helper) populations in murine peyer’s patch and splenic lymphocytes during dietary administration of the trichothecene vomitoxin (deoxynivalenol). Food Chem Toxicol 1990; 28: 409–20.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Pestka JJ, Yan D, King LE. Flow cytometric analysis of the effects of in vitro exposure to vomitoxin (deoxynivalenol) on apoptosis in murine T, B and IgA+ cells. Food Chem Toxicol 1994; 32: 1125–36.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Yan D, Zhou HR, Brooks KH, Pestka JJ. Potential role for IL-5 and IL-6 in enhanced IgA secretion by Peyer’ s patch cells isolated from mice acutely exposed to vomitoxin. Toxicology 1997; 122: 145–58.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Pestka JJ, Tai JH, Witt MF, Dixon DE, Forsell JH. Suppression of immune response in the B6C3F1 mouse after dietary exposure to the fusarium mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin) and zealenone. Food Chem Toxicol 1987; 25: 297–304.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Dong W, Sell JE, Pestka JJ. Quantitative assessment of mesangial immunoglobulin A (IgA) accumulation, elevated circulating IgA immune complexes, and hematuria during vomitoxin-induced IgA nephropathy. Fund Appl Toxicol 1991; 17: 197–207.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Greene DM, Azcona-Olivera JI, Pestka JJ. Vomitoxin (deoxynivalenol)-induced IgA nephropathy in the B6C3F1 mouse: dose response and male predilection. Toxicology 1994; 92: 245–60.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Rasooly L, Pestka JJ. Polyclonal autoreactive IgA increase and mesangial deposition during vomitoxin-induced IgA nephropathy in the BALB/c mouse. Food Chem Toxicol 1994; 32: 329–36.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Rasooly L, Abouzied MM, Brooks KH, Pestka JJ. Polyspecific autore-active IgA secreted by hybridomas derived from Peyer’s patches of vomitoxin-fed mice: characterization and possible pathogenic role in IgA nephropathy. Food Chem Toxicol 1994; 32: 337–48.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Fradkin JE, Wolff J. Iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis. Medicine 1983; 62: 1–20.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Mooij P, de Wit HJ, Dreshage HA. An excess of dietary iodine accelerates the development of a thyroid-associated lymphoid tissue in autoimmune prone BB rats. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1993; 69: 189–98.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Allen EM, Appel MC, Braverman LE. The effect of iodide ingestion on the development of spontaneous lymphocytic thyroiditis in the diabetes-prone BB/W rat. Endocrinology 1986; 118: 1977–81.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Bagchi N, Brown TR, Urdanivia E, Sundick RS. Induction of autoimmune thyroiditis in chickens by dietary iodine. Science 1985; 230: 325–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Follis RH. Further observations on thyroiditis and colloid accumulation in hyperplastic thyroid glands of hamsters receiving excess iodine. Lab Invest 1964; 13: 1590.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Beierwaltes WH. Iodide and lymphocytic thyroiditis. Bull All India Inst Med Sci 1969; 3: 145.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Harach HR, Escalante DA, Onativia A, Outes JL, Day ES, Williams ED. Thyroid carcinoma and thyroiditis in an endemic goitre region before and after iodine prophylaxis. Acta Endocrinol (Copenhagen) 1985; 108: 55.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Boukis MA, Koutras DA, Souvatzoglou A, Evangelopoulou A, Vrontakis M, Moulapoulous SD. Thyroid hormone and immunologic studies in endemic goiter. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1983; 57: 859.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Gomez-Balaguer M, Caballero E, Costa P, Gilsanz A, Bernat E, Uriel C, et al. Amiodarone thyroid autoimmunity relationship? In: Drexhage HA, Wiersinga WM, eds, The Thyroid and Autoimmunity. Elsevier Science, New York, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Rasooly L, Rose NR, Saboori AM, Ladenson PW, Burek CL. Iodine is essential for human T cell recognition of human thyroglobulin. Autoimmunity 1998; 27: 213–219.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Rasooly L, Burek CL, Rose NR. Iodine-induced autoimmune thyroiditis in NOD-H-2h4 mice. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1996; 81: 287–92.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Rasooly L, Vladut-Talor M, Hill SL, Burek CL, Rose NR. Iodine-induced thyroiditis in the NOD-H-2h4 mouse: the role of dose, autoantibody isotype and T cell proliferation, submitted.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2000 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Rasooly, L., Rose, N.R. (2000). Food Toxicology and Immunity. In: Gershwin, M.E., German, J.B., Keen, C.L. (eds) Nutrition and Immunology. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-709-3_29

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-709-3_29

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-61737-148-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-709-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics