Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Selenium

  • Chapter
Diet and Human Immune Function

Part of the book series: Nutrition and Health ((NH))

Abstract

Selenium (Se) is a dietary trace mineral that has attracted much interest recently, in both the popular and the scientific press, because of its potential as both an anticancer and antiinflammatory agent and its ability to modify human immune function. In this chapter, we discuss why Se is an important component of cellular antioxidant defenses and why it is essential for optimum cellular immunity. We also review the possible role of suboptimal Se status in the pathogenesis of inflammation, infection, certain endocrine/cardiovascular disorders, cancer, and aging. We also consider the research that suggests that Se exerts significant protection against many common human malignancies.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Vernie LN. Selenium in carcinogenesis. Biochem Biophys Acta 1984;738:203–217.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Spallholz JE, Boylan LM, Larsen HS. Advances in understanding Selenium’s role in the immune system. Ann NY Acad Sci 1990;587:123–139.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. McKenzie RC, Rafferty, TS, Beckett GJ. Selenium: an essential element for immune function. Immunol Today 1998;19:342–345.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. McKenzie RC, Rafferty TS, Arthur JR, Beckett GJ. Effects of selenium on immunity and ageing. In: Hatfield DL (ed.). Selenium: Its Molecular Biology and Role in Human Health. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 2001, pp. 257–272.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Allan CB, Lacourciere GM, Stadtman TC. Responsiveness of selenoproteins to dietary selenium. Ann Rev Nutr 1999;19:1–16.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. McKenzie RC, Arthur JR, Beckett GJ. Selenium and the regulation of cell signaling, growth and sur-vival: molecular and mechanistic aspects. Antioxid Redox Signal 2002;4:339–351.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Rayman MP. The importance of selenium to human health. Lancet 2000;356:233–241.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Foster DJ, Sumar S. Selenium in health and disease. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 1997;37:211–228.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Roy M, Kiremidjian-Schumacher L, Wishe HI, Cohen MW, Stotzky G. Effect of selenium on the expression of high affinity. Interleukin-2 receptors. Proc Royal Soc Exp Biol Med 1992;200:36–43.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Levander OA. Evolution of human dietary standards for selenium. In: Hatfield DL (ed.). Selenium: Its Molecular Biology and Role in Human Health. Klewer Academic Publishers, Boston, 2001, pp. 99–311.

    Google Scholar 

  11. McKenzie RC. Selenium, ultraviolet radiation and the skin. Clin Exp Dermatol 2000;25:631–636.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Funk CD. Prostaglandins and leukotrienes: advances in eicosanoid biology. Science 2001;294:1871–1875.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Ebert-Dumig R, Seufert J, Schneider D, Kohrle J, Schutze N, Jakob F. Expression of selenoproteins in monocytes and macrophages-implications for the immune system. Med Klin 1999;94:29–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Sun EJ, Xu HB, Liu Q, Zhou JY, Zuo P, Wang JJ. The mechanism for the effect of selenium supplemen-tation in immunity. Biol Trace Element Res 1995;48:231–238.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Tricarico M, Rinaldi M, Bonmassar E, Fuggetta MP, Barrera G, Fazio VM. Effect of 4-hydroxynonenal, a product of lipid peroxidation, on natural cell mediated cytotoxicity. Anticancer Res 1999;19: 5149–5154.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Sun EJ, Xu HB, Wen DJ, Zuo P, Zhuo JY, Wang JJ. Inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Biol Trace Element Res 1997;59:87–92.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Hawkes WC, Kelley DS, Taylor PC. The effects of dietary selenium on the immune system in healthy men. Biol Trace Element Res 2001;81:189–213.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Kiremidjian-Schumacher L, Roy M, Wishe HI, Cohen MW, Stotzky G. Selenium and immune cell functions. I. Effect on lymphocyte proliferation and production of interleukin 1 and interleukin 2. Proc Soc Royal Exp Biol Med 1990;193:136–142.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Kiremidjian-Schumacher L, Roy M, Wishe HI, Cohen MW, Stotsky G. Supplementation with selenium and human immune cell functions. II. Effect on cytotoxic lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Biol Trace Element Res 1994;41:115–127.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Petrie H, Klassen LW, Kay HD. Selenium and the immune response: 1. Modulation of alloreactive human lymphocyte functions in vitro. J Leukoc Biol 1989;5:207–214.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Nair MP, Schwartz SA. Immunoregulation of natural and lymphokine-activated killer cells by selenium. Immunopharmacology 1990;19:177–183.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Bonomini M, Forster S, De Risio F, et al. Effects of selenium supplementation on immune parameters in chronic uraemic patients on haemodialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1995;10:1654–1661.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Vitoux D, Chappuis P, Arnaud J, Bost M, Accominotti M, Roussel AM. Selenium, glutathione peroxidase, peroxides and platelet functions. Ann Biol Clin 1996;54:181–187.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Rayman MP. Dietary selenium: time to act—low bioavailability in Britain and Europe could be contrib-uting to cancers, cardiovascular disease, and subfertility. BMJ 1997;314:387–388.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Weaver JA, Maddox JF, Cao YZ, Mullarky IK, Sordillo LM. Increased 15-HPETE production decreases prostacyclin synthase activity during oxidant stress in aortic endothelial cells. Free Rad Biol Med 2001;30:299–308.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Rafferty TS, Walker C, Hunter JAA, Beckett GJ, McKenzie RC. Inhibition of ultraviolet radiation B (UVB)-induced IL-10 expression in murine keratinocytes by selenium compounds. Br J Dermatol 2002;146:485–489.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Shen HM, Yang CF, Liu J, Ong CN. Dual role of glutathione I selenite-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in human hepatoma cell. Free Radical Biol Med 2000;28:115–112.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Johnson VJ, Tsunoda M, Sharma RP. Increased production of proinflammatory cytokines by murine macrophages following oral exposure to sodium selenite but not to seleno-L-methionine. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2000;39:243–250.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Stewart MS, Spallholz JE, Neldner KH, Pence BC. Selenium compounds have disparate abilities to impose oxidative stress and induce apoptosis. Free Radical Biol Med 1998;26:42–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Spallholz JE. Free radical generation by selenium compounds and their pro-oxidant toxicity. Biomed Environ Sci 1997;10:260–270.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Duthie MS, Kimber I, Norval M. The effects of ultraviolet radiation on the human immune system. Br J Dermatol 1999;140:995–1009.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Park HS, Huh SH, Kim YH, et al. Selenite negatively regulates caspase-3 through a redox mechanism. J Biol Chem 2000;275:8487–8491.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Kim T, Jung U, Cho DY, Chung AS. Se-methylselenocysteine induces apoptosis through caspase activation in HL-60 cells. Carcinogenesis 2001;22:559–565.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Gartner R, Angstwurm M. Selenium and intensive care medicine. Clinical trials in SIRS and sepsis. Med Klin 1999;94(Suppl 3):54–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Sattar N, Scott HR, McMillan DC, Talwar D, O’Reilly DSJ, Fell GS. Acute-phase reactants and plasma trace element concentrations in non-small cell lung cancer patients and controls. Nutr Cancer 1997;28:308–312.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Singh A, Smoak BL, Patterson KY, LeMay LG, Veillon C, Deuster PA. Biochemical indices of selected trace minerals in men: effect of stress. Am J Clin Nutr 1991;53:126–131.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Tarp U. Selenium in rheumatoid-arthritis-a review. Analyst 1995;120:877–881.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Knekt P, Heliovaara M, Aho K, Alfthan G, Marniemi J, Aromaa A. Serum selenium, serum alpha-tocopherol, and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis. Epidemiology 2000;11:402–405.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Reimund JM, Hirth C, Koehl C, Baumann R, Duclos B. Antioxidant and immune status in active Crohn’ s disease. A possible relationship. Clin Nutr 2000;19:43–48.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Greene LS. Asthma and oxidant stress—nutritional, environmental, and genetic risk-factors. J Am Coll Nutr 1995;14:317–324.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Ward KP, Arthur JR, Russell G, Aggett PJ. Blood selenium content and glutathione peroxidase activity in children with cystic fibrosis, coeliac disease, asthma, and epilepsy. Eur J Pediatr 1984;142:21–24.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Misso NLA, Powers KA, Gillon RL. Reduced platelet glutathione peroxidase activity and serum selenium concentration in atopic asthmatic patients. Clin Exp Allergy 1996;26:838–847.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Juhlin L, Edqvist LE, Ekman LG, Ljunghall K, Olsson M. Blood glutathione-peroxidase levels in skin diseases-effect of selenium and vitamin-E treatment Acta Derm Venereol 1982;62:211–214.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Fairris GM, Perkins PJ, Lloyd B, Hinks L, Clayton BE. The effect on atopic dermatitis of supplemen-tation with selenium and vitamin E. Acta Derm Venereol 1989;69:359–362.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Fairris GM, Lloyd B, Hinks L, Perkins PJ, Clayton BE. The effect of supplementation with selenium and vitamin E in psoriasis. Ann Clin Biochem 1989;26:83–88.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Harvima RJ, Jagerroos H, Kajander EO, et al. Screening of effects of selenomethionine-enriched yeast supplementation on various immunological and chemical parameters of skin and blood in psoriatic patients. Acta Derm Venereol 1993;73:88–91.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Burke KE, Burford RG, Combs G, French IW, Skeffington DR. The effect of topical l-selenomethionine on minimal erythema dose of ultraviolet-irradiation in humans. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 1992;9:52–57.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Pinton J, Friden H, Kettaneh-Wold N, et al. Clinical and biological effects of balneotherapy with selenium-rich spa water in patients with psoriasis vulgaris. Br J Dermatol 1995;133:344–347.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Kasseroller R. Sodium selenite as prophylaxis against erysipelas in secondary lymphedema. Anticancer Res 1998;18:2227–2230.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Delilbasi E, Turan B, Yucel E, Sasmaz R, Isimer A, Sayal A. Selenium and Behcet’ s disease. Biol Trace Element Res 1991;28:21–25.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Beck M. Selenium as an antiviral agent. In: Hatfield DL (ed.). Selenium: Its Molecular Biology and Role in Health. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 2001, pp. 235–245.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Beck AM, Shi Q, Morris VC, Levander OA. Rapid genomic evolution of nonvirulent Coxsackirvirus B3 in selenium deficient mice results in selection of identical virulent isolates. Nature Med 1995;1:433–436.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Beck MA. Rapid genomic evolution of a non-virulent coxsackievirus B3 in selenium-deficient mice. Biomed Environ Sci 1997;10:307–315.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Beck MA, Esworthy RS, Ho YS, Chu FF. Glutathione peroxidase protects mice from viral-induced myocarditis. FASEB J 1998;12:1143–1149.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Combs GF. Selenium and global food systems. Br J Nutr 2001;85:517–547.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Beck MA, Levander OA. Dietary oxidative stress and the potentiation of viral infection. Annu Rev Nutr 1998; 18:93–116.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Yu SY, Zhu YJ, Li WG. Protective role of selenium against hepatitis B virus and primary liver cancer in Qidong. Biol Trace Element Res 1997;56:117–124.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Baum MK, Campa A, Miguez-Burbano MJ, Burbano X, Shor-Posner G. Role of selenium in HIV/AIDS. In: Hatfield DL (ed.). Selenium: Its Molecular Biology and Role in Health. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 2001, pp. 235–245.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Coppinger RJ, Diamond AM. Selenium deficiency and human disease. In: Hatfield DL (ed.). Selenium: Its Molecular Biology and Role in Health. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 2001, pp. 219–233.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Huttunen JK. Selenium and cardiovascular disease-an update. Biomed Environ Sci 1999;10:171–189.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Schamberge RJ, Willis CC, McCormack LJ. Selenium and heart disease: blood selenium and heart mortality in 19 states. In: Hemphill DD (ed.). Trace Substance in Environmental Health XIII. University of Missouri Press, Columbia, 1979, pp. 59–63.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Miller S, Walker SW, Arthur JR, et al. Selenite protects human endothelial cells from oxidative damage and induces thioredoxin reductase. Clin Sci 2001;100:543–550.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Hara S. Effect of selenium deficiency on oxidative stress-induced isoprostane formation by bovine aortic endothelial cells. Toxicol Lett 1998;95:57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Anema SM, Anema SM, Walker SW, Howie AF, Nicol F, Beckett GJ. Thioredoxin reductase is the major selenoprotein expressed in human umbilical-vein endothelial cells and is regulated by protein kinase C. Biochem J 1999;342:111–117.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Arteel GE, Mostert V, Oubrahim H, Briviba K, Abel J, Sies H. Protection by selenoprotein P in human plasma against peroxynitrite-mediated oxidation and nitration. Biol Chem 1998;379:1201–1205.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Arteel GE, Briviba K, Sies H. Function of thioredoxin reductase as a peroxynitrite reductase using selenocystine or ebselen. Chem Res Toxicol 1999;12:264–269.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Lu X, Liu S, Man RYK. Enhancement of endothelium dependent relaxation in the rat aortic ring by selenium supplement. Cardiovasc Res 1994;28:345–348.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Hampel G, Watanabe K, Weksler BB, Jaffe EA. Selenium deficiency inhibits prostacyclin release and enhances production of platelet activating factor by human endothelial cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 1989;1006:151–158.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Maddox JF, Aherne KM, Reddy CC, Sordillo LM. Increased neutrophil adherence and adhesion molecule mRNA expression in endothelial cells during selenium deficiency. J Leukoc Biol 1999;65: 658–664.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. McCarty MF. Oxidants downstream from superoxide inhibit nitric oxide production by vascular endothelium—a key role for selenium-dependent enzymes in vascular health. Med Hypoth 1999;53:315–325.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Horvathova M, Jahnova E, Gazdik F. Effect of selenium supplementation in asthmatic subjects on the expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules in culture. Biol Trace Element Res 1999;69:15–26.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. D’ Alessio P, Moutet M, Coudrier E, Darquenne S, Chaudiere J. ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression induced by TNF-alpha are inhibited by a glutathione peroxidase mimic. Free Rad Biol Med 1998;24: 979–987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Moutet M, d’ Alessio P, Malette P, Devaux V, Chaudiere J. Glutathione peroxidase mimics prevent TNF alpha-and neutrophil-induced endothelial alterations. Free Rad Biol Med 1998;25:270–281.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Beckman KB, Ames BN. The free radical theory of aging matures. Physiol Rev 1998;78:547–581.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Chen Q, Ames BN. Senescence-like growth arrest induced by hydrogen peroxide in human diploid fibroblast F65 cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994;91:4130–4134.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. von Zglinicki T, Saretzki G, Docke W, Lotze C. Mild hyperoxia shortens telomeres and inhibits proliferation of fibroblasts: a model for senescence? Exp Cell Res 1995;220:186–193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Serra V, Grune T, Sitte N, Saretzki G, Von Zglinicki T. Telomere length as a marker of oxidative stress in primary human fibroblast cultures. Ann NY Acad Sci 2000;908:327–330.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Peretz A, Neve J, Desmedt J, Duchateau J, Dramaix M, Famaey JP. Lymphocyte-response is enhanced by supplementation of elderly subjects with selenium-enriched yeast. Am J Clin Nutr 1991;53: 1323–1328.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Ravaglia G, Forti P, Maioli F, et al. Effect of micronutrient status on natural killer cell immune function in healthy free-living subjects aged >_ 90 y. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71:590–598.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Roy M, Kiremidjian-Schumacher L, Wishe HI, Cohen MW, Stotzky G. Supplementation with selenium restores age-related decline in immune cell function. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1995;209:369–375.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Foster HD, Zhang LP. Longevity and selenium deficiency-evidence from the Peoples Republic of China. Sci Total Environ 1995;170:133–113.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Combs GF Jr. Selenium as an anticancer agent. In: Hatfield DL (ed.). Selenium: Its Molecular Biology and Role in Health. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 2000, pp. 205–217.

    Google Scholar 

  83. Ip C. Lessons from basic research in selenium and cancer prevention. J Nutr 1998;28:1845–1854.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Clark LC, Combs GF Jr, Turnbull BW, et al. Effects of selenium supplementation for cancer prevention in patients with carcinoma of the skin. A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1996;276:1957–1963.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Ip C, Hayes C, Budnick RM, Ganther HE. Chemical form of selenium, critical metabolites, and cancer prevention. Cancer Res 1991;51:595–600.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Ip C, Lisk DJ. Characterization of tissue selenium profiles and anticarcinogenic responses in rats fed natural sources of selenium-rich products. Carcinogenesis 1994;15:573–576.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Fleming J, Ghose A, Harrison PR. Molecular mechanisms of cancer prevention by selenium compounds. Nutr Cancer 2001;40:42–49.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Taurog A. Hormone synthesis and secretion. In: Braverman LE, Utiger RW Werner (eds.). Ingbar’ s The Thyroid (7th ed.). Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, 1996, pp. 47–81.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Arthur JR, Beckett GJ, Mitchell JH. The interactions between selenium and iodine deficiencies in man and animals. Nutr Res Rev 1999;12:55–73.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Delange FM, Ermans AM. Iodine deficiency. In: Braverman LE, Utiger RD Werner (eds). Ingbar’ s The Thyroid (7th ed.). Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, 1996, pp. 296–316.

    Google Scholar 

  91. St. Germain DL. Selenium, deiodinases and endocrine function. In: Hatfield DL (ed.). Selenium. Its Molecular Biology and Role in Health. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 2000, pp. 189–205.

    Google Scholar 

  92. Hansen JC, Deguchi Y. Selenium and fertility in animals and man-a review. Acta Vet Scand 1996;37:19–30.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Watanabe T, Endo A. Effects of selenium deficiency on sperm morphology and spermatocyte chromosomes in mice. Mut Res 1991;262:93–99.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Behne D, Weiler H, Kyriakopoulos A. Effects of selenium deficiency on testicular morphology and function in rats. J Reprod Fertil 1996;106:291–297.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Flohe L, Flohe RB, Maiorino M, Roveri A, Wissing J, Ursini F. Selenium and male reproduction. In: Hatfield DL (ed.). Selenium: Its Molecular Biology and Role in Health. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 2001, pp. 273–283.

    Google Scholar 

  96. MacPherson SR, Yates RW, Hussain B, Dixon J. The effect of oral selenium supplementation on human sperm motility. Br J Urol 1998;82:76–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Yamin-Ali R, Khalil N, McCarthy G. Selenium in intensive care: an update. Br J Intensive Care 2001;10:88–94.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Geoffrey J. Beckett
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. John R. Arthur
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sue M. Miller
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Roddie C. McKenzie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Nutrition Division, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norfolk, UK

    David A. Hughes PhD, RNutr

  2. Epsom and St. Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust, Surrey, UK

    L. Gail Darlington MD, FRCP

  3. GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare, Parsippany, NJ, USA

    Adrianne Bendich PhD, FACN

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2004 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Beckett, G.J., Arthur, J.R., Miller, S.M., McKenzie, R.C. (2004). Selenium. In: Hughes, D.A., Darlington, L.G., Bendich, A. (eds) Diet and Human Immune Function. Nutrition and Health. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-652-2_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-652-2_12

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-61737-422-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-652-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation