Skip to main content

The Ethics of Physician-Assisted Suicide

  • Chapter
Physician-Assisted Death

Part of the book series: Biomedical Ethics Reviews ((BER))

Abstract

When Dr. Jack Kevorkian, who is called “Dr. Death,” was acquitted for the second time of murder charges on July 21,1992, he said: “... it is time for other doctors to join him and make physician-assisted suicide safe, effective and widely available.”1 Opponents of physician-assisted suicide think, instead, that it is time to stop him before the State of Michigan, where he resides and practices his “craft,” becomes the suicide capital of the world. Essentially the court judged that physician-assisted suicide is not a crime in Michigan, even when the patients so helped are not terminally ill. Kevorkian had been charged with murder when he assisted Sherry Miller who had multiple sclerosis and Marjorie Wantz who was victimized by severe chronic pelvic pain. On October 23, 1991, Miller used his machine to take a lethal overdose of drugs, whereas Wantz inhaled carbon monoxide. Earlier charges for assisting Janet Adkins, who suffered from early stages of Alzheimer’s Disease, were dropped in December, 1990.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Kevorkian cleared of murder charge, (1992) Chicago Tribune,July 22, Sec. 1, 3.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Anonymous (1992) Kevorkian helps another woman commit suicide, Chicago Tribune, Nov. 29, Sec. 1, 5.

    Google Scholar 

  3. /bid.

    Google Scholar 

  4. lbid.

    Google Scholar 

  5. See Hospital Ethics 8 no. 2 (March/April, 1992).

    Google Scholar 

  6. /bid.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Anonymous (1992) 2 more assisted suicides before Governor OKs ban, Chicago Tribune,Dec. 16, Sec. 1, 6.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Ibid.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Margaret P. Battin (1982) Ethical Issues in Suicide, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Glenn C. Graber (1981) The rationality of suicide, in S. Wallace and A. Eser (eds.), Suicide and Euthanasia: The Rights of Personhood, University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, TN.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Richard Brandt (1975) The morality and rationality of suicide, in James Rachels (ed.), Moral Problems, Harper and Row, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Jacques Choron (1972) Suicide, Scribner’s Sons, New York, p. 100.

    Google Scholar 

  13. C. G. Prado (1990) The Last Choice: Preemptive Suicide in Advanced Age, Greenwood Press, Westport, CT.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Erik Erikson (1963) Childhood and Society, 2nd ed., W. W. Norton, New York, p. 268.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Harry R. Moody (1992) Ethics in an Aging Society, The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, p. 86.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Tribune article. Also NEJM article.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Connie Zuckerman (1992) A matter of consideration, cooperation and the courts: The tragic case of Jean Elbaum, Precepts: Division of Humanities in Medicine Newsletter 4 (3) (Nov.), 3, 6, 7.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Slbid., 7.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Albelt E. Gunn (1991) Risk—benefit ratio: The soft underbelly of patient autonomy, Issues Law Med. 7, no. 2 (Fall), 139–154.

    Google Scholar 

  20. David C. Thomasma (1992) Models of the doctor—Patient relationship and the ethics committee: Part one, Cambridge Q. Healthcare Ethics 1, no. 1 (Winter), 11–32.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Edmund D. Pellegrino and David C. Thomasma (1981) A Philosophical Basis of Medical Practice, Oxford University Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  22. David C. Thomasma (1983) LEAD ARTICLE: Limitations of the autonomy model for the doctor—patient relationship, Pharos 46 (Spring), 2–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. David C. Thomasma (1985) Philosophy of medicine in Europe: Challenges for the future, Theor. Med. 6 (Feb.), 115–123.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. David C. Thomasma (1985) Editorial: Philosophy of medicine in the USA, Theor. Med. 6, 239–242.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. David C. Thomasma and E. D. Pellegrino (1987) Challenges for a philosophy of medicine of the future: A response to fellow philosophers in the Netherlands, Theor. Med. 8, 187–204.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Edmund D. Pellegrino and David C. Thomasma (1987) The conflict between autonomy and beneficence in medical ethics: Proposal for a resolution, J. Contemp. Health Law Policy 3, 23–46.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr. (1987) The Foundations of Bioethics, Oxford University Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Nigel M. de S. Cameron (1992) The New Medicine: Life and Death After Hippocrates, Crossway Books, Wheaton, IL.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Eric Cassell (1993) The relief of suffering, Arch. Intern. Med. 143 (March), 522–523.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Anonymous (1992) Missouri and Kevorkian continue to provoke controversy, Hospital Ethics 8, no. 6 (Nov./Dec.), 9.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Timothy Quill (1991) Death and dignity: A case of individualized decision making, New Engl. J. Med. 324, no. 10 (March 7), 691–694.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. D. Brahams (1992) Euthanasia: Doctor convicted of attempted murder, Lancet 340, no. 8822 (Sept. 26 ), 782, 783.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Stanley M. Rosenblatt (1992) Murder or Mercy: Euthanasia on Trial, Prometheus Books, Buffalo, NY.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Leon R. Kass (1992) “I will give no deadly drug.” Why doctors must not kill, Am. Coll. Surg. Bull. 77, no. 3 (Mar.), 7–17.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Pellegrino and Thomasma, For the Patients Good.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Erich Loewy (1989) The restoration of beneficence, The Hastings Center Report 19, 42, 43.

    Google Scholar 

  37. W. Gaylin, L. Kass, E. D. Pellegrino, and M. Siegler (1988) Commentaries: Doctors must not kill, DAMA 259 (14) (8 April), 2139, 2140.

    Google Scholar 

  38. L. Kass (1989) Arguments against active euthanasia by doctors found at medicine’ s core, Kennedy Inst. Ethics Newsletter 3 (Jan.), 1–3 and 6.

    Google Scholar 

  39. J. Muller and B. Koenig (1988) On the boundary of life and death: The definition of dying by medical residents, M. Lock and D. Gordon (eds.), Biomedicine Examined, Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht/ Boston, pp. 351–374.

    Google Scholar 

  40. S. Braithwaite, D. C. Thomasma (1986) New guidelines on foregoing life-sustaining treatment in incompetent patients: An anti-cruelty policy, Ann. Intern. Med. 104, 711–715.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Ivan Illich (1976) Medical Nemesis: The Expropriation of Health, Pantheon Books, New York, p. 106.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Jbid.,p. 154.

    Google Scholar 

  43. David C. Thomasma (1990) The ethics of caring for vulnerable individuals, in Reflections on Ethics, American Speech-LanguageHearing Association, Washington, DC, pp. 39–45.

    Google Scholar 

  44. R. N. Proctor (1992) Nazi doctors, racial medicine, and human experimentation, in George Annas and Michael A. Grodin (eds.), The Nazi Doctors and the Nuremberg Code, Oxford University Press, New York, p. 23.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Jack Kevorkian (1991) Medicide.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Proctor, Nazi Doctors,p. 23–27.

    Google Scholar 

  47. R. N. Proctor (1988) Racial Hygiene: Medicine Under the Nazis, Harvard University Press, Cambridge. MA, pp. 179–189.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Stephen Post (1990) Severely demented elderly people: A case against senicide, J. Am. Geriat. Soc. 38, no. 6 (June), 715–718.

    Google Scholar 

  49. David C. Thomasma (1992) Mercy killing of elderly people with dementia: A counterproposal, in Robert Binstock, Stephen Post, and Peter Whitehouse (eds.), Dementia and Aging: Ethics, Values, and Policy Choices, The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD, pp. 101–117.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Elie Wiesel (1992) Preface, in George J. Annas and Michael A. Grodin (eds.), The Nazi Doctors and the Nuremberg Code, Oxford University Press, New York), vii.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Ibid.

    Google Scholar 

  52. George Annas and Michael Grodin, Introduction, The Nazi Doctors and the Nuremberg Code,p. 3.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Robert Proctor, Nazi doctors, racial medicine, and human experimentation, in The Nazi Doctors and the Nuremberg Code,pp. 17–31.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Ibid.,p. 24.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Ibid.

    Google Scholar 

  56. As quoted at the head of Proctor, Nazi doctors, racial medicine, and human experimentation, in The Nazi Doctors and the Nuremberg Code,p. 17.

    Google Scholar 

  57. As quoted in David Scott, Euthanasia: America’s next challenge to life, (1992) The Evangelist, Diocese of Albany, NY, 67, no. 4 (Dec. 3 ), 4.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Ibid., loc. cit.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Issues Law Med..

    Google Scholar 

  60. Jbid.

    Google Scholar 

  61. David C. Thomasma, and Glenn C. Graber (1991) Euthanasia: Toward an Ethical Social Policy, Continuum, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  62. James Rachels (1975) Active and passive euthanasia, New Engl. J. Med. 292, no. 2 (Jan. 9), 78–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. /bid.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Eric J. Cassell (1982) The nature of suffering and the goals of medicine, New Engl. J. Med. 306, no. 11 (March 18), 639–645.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Marvin Kohl (1992) Altruistic humanism and voluntary beneficent euthanasia, Issues Law Med. 8, no. 3 (Winter), 331, 342.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Pieter Admiraal (1989) Justifiable active euthanasia in the Netherlands, in Robert M. Baird and Stuart E. Rosenbaum (eds.), Euthanasia:The Moral Issues, Prometheus Books, Buffalo, NY, pp. 125–128.

    Google Scholar 

  67. T. Quill, C. Cassel, and D. Meier (1992) Care of the hopelessly ill: Proposed clinical criteria for physician-assisted suicide, New Engl. J. Med. 327, no. 19 (Nov. 5), 1380–1383.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. T. Helme, and N. Padfield (1992) Safeguarding euthanasia, New Law J. Oct. 2, 1335, 1336.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Quill, Death and Dignity,694.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Ibid, loc. cit.

    Google Scholar 

  71. C. S. Campbell (1992) Religious ethics and active euthanasia in a pluralistic society, Kennedy Inst. Ethics J. 2 no. 3 (Sept.), 253–277.

    Google Scholar 

  72. The House of Delegates of the American Medical Association, Dec. 4, 1973, as quoted in Rachels, 78.

    Google Scholar 

  73. W. Gaylin, L. Kass, E. D. Pellegrino, and M. Siegler (1988) Doctors must not kill, JAMA 259, no. 14 (April 8), 2139–2140.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Jos V. M. Welie (1992) The medical exception: Physicians, euthanasia and the Dutch criminal law, J. Med. Philosophy 17, no. 4 (Aug.), 419–437.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. See the objections raised to physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia in a Newsletter of Evangelical Churches, Legalized physician-assisted suicide, (1992) Discernment 1,no. 3 (Fall).

    Google Scholar 

  76. C. S. Campbell (1992) “Aid-in-dying” and the taking of human life, J. Med. Ethics 18, no. 3 (Sept.), 128–134.

    Google Scholar 

  77. David C. Thomasma (1993) Cambridge Q.. 2, no. 1 (Winter), forthcoming.

    Google Scholar 

  78. J. K. M. Gevers (1992) Legislation on euthanasia: Recent developments in the Netherlands, J. Med. Ethics 18, no. 3 (Sept.), 138–141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. Gerrit K. Kimsma (1992) Clinical ethics in assisting euthanasia: Avoiding malpractice in drug application, J. Med. Philosophy 17, no. 4 (Aug.), 439–443.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. Helga Kuhse and Peter Singer (1992) Euthanasia: A survey of nurses’ attitudes and practices, Austral. Nurses J. 21, no. 8, 21,22, note that the same percentage occurs among Australian citizens, about 76% of those surveyed supporting allowing physicians to offer lethal doses of medication on request to “hopelessly ill” patients “in great pain.” Sixty-six percent of nurses surveyed in the article said that patient had asked them to directly kill them at some time in their practice at least once, and 85% said that they participated in ending a patient’s life directly when asked to do so by a doctor.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Anonymous (1991) Hospitals, physicians paying more attention to pain control, Med. Ethics Advisor 7, no. 11 (Nov.), 133–137.

    Google Scholar 

  82. William Winslade (1992) Teaching about dying, Choice in Dying News 1, no. 4 (Winter)

    Google Scholar 

  83. Sharon Selib Epstein (1992) What the dying give to the living, Chicago Tribune, December 11, Sec. 1, 21.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Howard Brody (1992) Assisted death—A compassionate response to a medical failure, New Engl. J. Med. 327, no. 19 (Nov. 5), 1384–1388.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Thomasma, D.C. (1994). The Ethics of Physician-Assisted Suicide. In: Humber, J.M., Almeder, R.F., Kasting, G.A. (eds) Physician-Assisted Death. Biomedical Ethics Reviews. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-448-1_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-448-1_6

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-61737-002-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-448-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics