Abstract
Human embryonic stem (ES) cell lines may have broad applications, including the study of development and the differentiation process, lineage commitment, self-maintenance, and precursor cell maturation. They may also serve as models in research done on the functions of genes and proteins, drug testing, and drug toxicity. The first human ES cells were derived by Thomson and colleagues (1) from the inner cell mass (ICM) of surplus blastocysts donated by couples undergoing in vitro fertilization treatments. These lines met most of the criteria for ES cell lines listed in Table 1, but their clonality was not tested in that study. Also, the ability of human ES cells to contribute to embryonic development in chimeric embryos cannot be examined for obvious ethical reasons. Since the first report on human ES cell derivation, several other groups have reported the derivation of additional lines (2–4) At present, there are more than 70 human ES cell lines in several laboratories around the world, according to a list published by the National Institutes of Health (NIH; http://www.nih.gov/news/stemcell/index/news/stemcell/index). Although the NIH list does not offer full information on all the lines fulfilling all the ES cell criteria listed in Table 1, it suggests that the derivation of human ES cells is a reproducible procedure with reasonable success rates.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Thomson, J. A., Itskovitz-Eldor, J., Shapiro, S. S., (1998) Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts, Science 282, 1145–1147 [erratum in Science (1998) 282, 1827 ].
Reubinoff, B. E., Pera, M. F., Fong, C., Trounson, A., and Bongso, A. (2000) Embryonic stem cell lines from human blastocysts: somatic differentiation in vitro, Nat. Biotechnol. 18, 399–404.
Lanzendorf, S. E., Boyd, C. A., Wright, D. L., Muasher, S., Oehninger, S., and Hodgen, G. D. (2001) Use of human gametes obtained from anonymous donors for the production of human embryonic stem cell lines, Fertil. Steril. 76, 132–137.
Amit, M. and Itskovitz-Eldor, J. (2002) Derivation and spontaneous differentiation of human embryonic stem cells, J. Anat. 200, 225–232.
Gardner, R. L. (1982) Investigation of cell lineage and differentiation in the extraembryonic endoderm of the mouse embryo, J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 68, 175–198.
Rathjen, J., Lake, J. A., Bettess, M. D., Washington, J. M., Chapman, G., and Rathjen, P. D. (1999) Formation of primitive like cell population, EPL cells, from ES cells in response to biologically derived factors, J. Cell Sci. 112, 601–612.
Lake, J. A., Rathjen, J., Remiszewski, J., and Rathjen, P. D. (2000) Reversible programing of pluripotent cell differentiation, J. Cell Sci. 113, 555–566.
Shoshani, T., Augarten, A., Gazit, E., et al. (1992) Association of a nonsense mutation (W1282X), the most common mutation in the Ashkenazi Jewish cystic fibrosis patients in Israel, with presentation of severe disease, Am. J. Hum. Genet. 50, 222–228.
Colosimo, A., Goncz, K. K., Novelli, G., Dallapiccola, B., and Gruenert, D. C. (2001) Target correction of a defective selectable marker gene in human epithelial cells by small DNA fragments, Mol. Ther. 3, 178–185.
Amit, M., Carpenter, M. K., Inokuma, M. S., et al. (2000) Clonally derived human embryonic stem cell lines maintain pluripotency and proliferative potential for prolonged periods of culture, Dev. Biol. 227, 271–278.
Amit, M., Margulets, V., Segev, H., et al. (2003) Human feeder layers for human embryonic stem cells, Biol. Reprod. 68, 2150–2156.
Eiges, R Schuldiner, M., Drukker, M., Yanuka, O., Itskovitz-Eldor, J., and Benvenisty, N. (2001) Establishment of human embryonic stem cell-transfected clones carrying a marker for undifferentiated cells, Curr. Biol. 11,514–518.
Kehat, I., Kenyagin-Karsenti, D., Snir, M., et al. (2001) Human embryonic stem cells can differentiate into myocytes with structural and functional properties of cardiomyocytes, J. Clin. Invest. 108, 407–414.
Xu, C., Police, S., Rao, N., and Carpenter, M. K. (2002) Characterization and enrichment of cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells, Cir. Res. 91, 501–508.
Richards, M., Fong, C. Y., Chan, W. K., Wong, P. C., and Bongso, A. (2002) Human feeders support prolonged undifferentiated growth of human inner cell masses and embryonic stem cells, Nature Biotechnol. 20, 933–936.
Xu, C., Inokuma, M. S., Denham, J., et al. (2001) Feeder-free growth of undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells, Nature Biotechnol. 19, 971–974.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2003 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Amit, M., Segev, H., Manor, D., Itskovitz-Eldor, J. (2003). Subcloning and Alternative Methods for the Derivation and Culture of Human Embryonic Stem Cells. In: Chiu, A.Y., Rao, M.S. (eds) Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-423-8_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-423-8_7
Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ
Print ISBN: 978-1-61737-484-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-423-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive