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Stromal Support of Hematopoiesis

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Stem Cells Handbook

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Abstract

Bone marrow stromal cells make up the microenvironment for hematopoiesis. The prototype for stem cell and lineages is that of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC), as demonstrated by clonal analysis. The fate of the HSC is determined largely by the microenvironment (niche) provided by the mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). MSCs give rise to cells constituting the hematopoietic microenvironnement—i.e., stromal cells, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), adipocytes, and osteoblasts—but also to other cell types—i.e., chondrocytes; sarcomeric muscle; and, in certain reports, neuroectoderm or endodermal cells. Transdifferentiation of MSC progeny seems more likely than in other cell lineages, and stromal cells from the different hematopoietic sites (bone marrow, fetal liver, aorta-gonad-mesonephros region) express a variety of mesenchymal cell–type markers, including markers for VSMCs, adipocytes, and osteoblasts. Stromal cells act through a number of mediators, cytokines, adhesion molecules, peptides, hormones, and other molecules such as wnts and eicosanoids. Cytokines and chemokines include the colony-stimulating factors, interleukin-6 (IL-6), leukemia inhibitory factor, IL-1, IL-7, IL-8, stem cell factor, flt3 ligand, hepatocyte growth factor, thrombopoietin, insulin-like growth factor1, transforming growth factor-3 TGF-β, -β-interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and stromal-derived factor-1 (see Table 2 in this chapter). IL-1 is a major inducer of the production of the other cytokines. TGF-βis the most potent inhibitor of hematopoiesis. It induces expression of inhibitory chemokines, such as MCP-1 and IP-10, and decreases expression of stromal adhesion molecules. Extracellular matrix collagens, laminins, and fibronectins each appear to have a role in hematopoiesis through binding to a number of cell adhesion molecules (see Table 3 of this chapter). This indicates a highly controlled, multifactorial, and redundant regulation of hematopoiesis by mesenchymal stromal cells.

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  1. Pierre Charbord MD, DR Inserm
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  1. Wadsworth Center and Ordway Research Institute, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY, USA

    Stewart Sell MD

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Charbord, P. (2004). Stromal Support of Hematopoiesis. In: Sell, S. (eds) Stem Cells Handbook. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-411-5_13

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-411-5_13

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