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Stem Cells Handbook pp 133–142Cite as

Developmental Origin of Murine Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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Abstract

Where do hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) come from? In the early embryo, prior to development of the fetal liver, two independent sites of hematopoiesis are generally accepted: the yolk sac and the paraaortic splanchnopleure. In the yolk sac, blood islands are first detected at embryonic day (E) 7.5. Blood islands consist of primitive erythroblasts, surrounded by endothelial cells. The yolk sac endothelial network fuses to form vascular channels and primitive erythrocytes circulate after E 8.5 when the heart starts to beat. These first blood cells are thought to arise from a precursor cell known as the hemangioblast. Hemangioblasts, which can be derived by culture of embryonic stem cells in vitro, give rise to both blood cells and endothelial cells. In contrast to the yolk sac, the paraaortic splanchnopleure, later known as the aorta—gonadal—mesoneohros (AGM) region, does not generate primitive hematopoietic cells. It is, however, a major site of formation of HSCs, which seed fetal liver. The liver becomes the major blood-forming organ at E 11–12, generating definitive hematopoietic cells and HSC, which subsequently colonize spleen and bone marrow. The receptor tyrosine kinase Flk-1 (VEGFR2) and the transcription factor Scl have been shown to be critical for hemangioblast development. Further knowledge of the key signals for growth and differentiation of HSCs is necessary for learning how to control hematopoietic malignancies as well as congenital and acquired disorders of blood cell production.

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Authors
  1. Lorraine Robb MD, BS, PhD
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  2. Kyunghee Choi PhD
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Wadsworth Center and Ordway Research Institute, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY, USA

    Stewart Sell MD

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Robb, L., Choi, K. (2004). Developmental Origin of Murine Hematopoietic Stem Cells. In: Sell, S. (eds) Stem Cells Handbook. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-411-5_12

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-411-5_12

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-61737-367-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-411-5

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