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Inhalation Injury

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Combat Medicine

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Abstract

Approximately 15–30% of patients admitted to burn centers have sustained inhalation injury. The importance of inhalation injury is indicated by the fact that it independently increases the risk of death in burn patients over that predicted by age and burn size alone by up to 20%. Inhalation injury also increases the risk of pneumonia; in turn, pneumonia acts independently to increase the risk of death by up to 40%. These contributions to mortality risk are greatest at the midrange of age and burn size (1). Inhalation injury is more common during fires that take place in enclosed spaces, such as residential and vehicular fires. Consequently, in combat casualties, inhalation injury is particularly common during armor engagements, shipboard fires, and military operations in urban terrain. As mentioned in Chapter 11 (on thermal injury), smoke inhalation injury was the leading diagnosis in patients hospitalized (37%) and in those treated and released (50%) following the attack on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001 (2). There is now growing concern that certain widely available toxic industrial chemicals may be used as weapons of opportunity by terrorists (3,4). The inhalation of these compounds produces injuries similar in several respects to the inhalation of smoke and is discussed here as well.

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Authors
  1. Leopoldo C. Cancio MD
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  2. Basil A. Pruitt Jr. MD
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA

    George C. Tsokos MD  & James L. Atkins MD  & 

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Cancio, L.C., Pruitt, B.A. (2003). Inhalation Injury. In: Tsokos, G.C., Atkins, J.L. (eds) Combat Medicine. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-407-8_12

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-407-8_12

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-61737-337-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-407-8

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