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Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia

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Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Endocrine Disorders

Part of the book series: Contemporary Endocrinology ((COE))

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Abstract

Ninety-nine percent of total body calcium is within bone; 1% of this is rapidly exchangeable with extracellular calcium. Extracellular calcium is a substrate for bone mineralization. In the circulation, calcium is bound to proteins, principally albumin; however, 50% circulates as ionized calcium. Ionized calcium is biologically active, and its concentration is tightly regulated. Interactions of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] precisely regulate ionized calcium concentration and mineral metabolism.

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Authors
  1. Arna Gudmundsdottir MD
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  2. Gregory Doelle MD
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa School of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA

    Robert S. Bar MD

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Gudmundsdottir, A., Doelle, G. (2003). Hypercalcemia and Hypocalcemia. In: Bar, R.S. (eds) Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Endocrine Disorders. Contemporary Endocrinology. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-378-1_15

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-378-1_15

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-61737-414-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-378-1

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