Abstract
Policy discussions involving bioethical topics most often cap ture the attention of the public, health professionals, and elected officials when the topics are controversial and do not readily give rise to clear-cut solutions. Much has been written about the role of ethics, ethical principles, and ethical theory in the formation of public policy, and especially policy involving bioethical subjects such as end-of-life care, allocation of high technology resources in hospitals, reproductive decision making, cloning, and stem cell research. Those familiar with the bioethics literature will recognize two broad types of discussions. The first are discussions that tend to illuminate and resolve particular conceptual problems, such as the appropriate definition of terms: moral rights, capacity to consent, or just allocation of resources. The second type of discussion focuses on specific prescriptive tasks: regulations or guidelines for the protection of human subjects in federallz sponsored research; legislation to enhance access to health care; or plans to allocate organs for transplantation.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
R.H. Blank and J.C. Merrick, eds. (1996) Encyclopedia of U.S. Biomedical Policy. Greenwood Press, Westport, CT.
A.R. Jonsen and S. Toulmin. (1988) The Abuse of Casuistry: A History ofMoral Reasoning. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.
Institute of Medicine (IDM). (1991) Biomedical Politics. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
J. Feinberg. (1973) Social Philosophy. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
C. Charles and S. DeMaio. (1993) Lay Participation in Health Care Decision Making: a Conceptual Framework. J. Health Polit. Policy Law 18:881–904.
B. Jennings. (1993) Health Policy in a New Key: Setting Democratic Priorities. J. Soc. Issues 49:169–84
U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment. (1993) Biomedical Ethics in U.S. Public Policy-Background Paper, OTA-BP-BBS105. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. June.
National Bioethics Advisory Commission (NBAC). (1998) 1996— 1997 Annual Report. U.S. Government Printing Office, Rockville, MD. June.
S.S. Fluss. (2000) International Guidelines on Bioethics [Supplement to The EFGCP News]. Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS), Belgium. Autumn.
J. Glasa, ed. (2000) Ethics Committees in Central and Eastern Europe: Proceedings of the International Bioethics Conference. Institute of Medical Ethics and Bioethics Fdn., Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments (ACHRE). (1995) Final Report. Oxford University Press, New York, NY.
B.H. Gray. (1995) Bioethics Commissions: What Can We Learn from Past Successes and Failures?, in Society’s Choices: Social and Ethical Decisionmaking in Biomedicine. (R.E. Bulger, E.M. Bobby and H.E. Fineberg, eds.) Institute of Medicine, Washington, DC, pp. 261–306.
National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research (National Commission). (1979) Belmont Report: Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
President’s Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research (President’s Commission). (1983) Deciding to Forego Life Sustaining Treatment. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC.
President’s Commission. (1983) Implementing Human Research Regulations: Second Biennial Report. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC.
NBAC. (1997) Cloning Human Beings. U.S. Government Printing Office, Rockville, MD. June. [Note: All NBAC reports are available at http://bioethics.georgetown.edu/NBAC/pubs.html]
NBAC. (1997) Cloning Human Beings-Volume II, Commissioned Papers. U.S. Government Printing Office, Rockville, MD. June.
NBAC. (1998) Research Involving Persons with Mental Disorders that May Affect Decisionmaking Capacity. U.S. Government Printing Office, Rockville, MD. November.
NBAC. (1999) Research Involving Human Biological Materials: Ethical Issues and Policy Guidance. U.S. Government Printing Office, Rockville, MD. August.
NBAC. (1999) Ethical Issues in Human Stem Cell Research. U.S. Government Printing Office, Rockville, MD. September.
NBAC. (2000) Research Involving Human Biological Materials: Ethical Issues and Policy Guidance-Volume II, Commissioned Papers. U.S. Government Printing Office, Rockville, MD. January.
NBAC. (2000) Ethical Issues in Human Stem Cell Research-Volume II, Commissioned Papers. U.S. Government Printing Office, Rockville, MD. January.
NBAC. (2001) Ethical and Policy Issues in International Research: Clinical Trials in Developing Countries. U.S. Government Printing Office, Bethesda, MD. April.
NBAC. (2001) Ethical and Policy Issues in International Research: Clinical Trials in Developing Countries-Volume II, Commissioned Papers. U.S. Government Printing Office, Bethesda, MD. May.
NBAC. (2001) Ethical and Policy Issues in Research Involving Human Participants. U.S. Government Printing Office, Bethesda, MD. October.
S.E. Toulmin. (1987) The National Commission on Human Experimentation: Procedures and Outcomes, in Scientific Controversies: Case Studies in the Resolution and Closure of Scientific Controversies. (H.T. Engelhardt, Jr. and A.L. Caplan, eds.) Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, pp. 599–613.
E.M. Meslin. (1999) Engaging the Public in Policy Development: The National Bioethics Advisory Commission Report on Research Involving Persons with Mental Disorders that May Affect Decisionmaking Capacity. Accountability in Research 7:227–240.
H.T. Shapiro and E.M. Meslin. (2001) Ethical Issues in the Design and Conduct of Clinical Trials in Developing Countries. N. Engl. J. Med. 345:139–141.
J.A. Thomson, J. Itskovitz-Eldor, S.S. Shapiro, et al. (1998) Embryonic Stem Cell Lines Derived from Human Blastocysts. Science 282:1145–1147.
M.J. Shamblott, J. Axelman, S. Wang, et al. (1998) Derivation of Pluripotential Stem Cells from Cultured Human Primordial Germ Cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:13726–13731.
M.J. Evans and M.H. Kaufmann. (1981) Establishment in Culture of Pluripotential Cells from Mouse Embryos. Nature 292:154–156.
N. Wade. (1998) Researchers Claim Embryonic Cell Mix of Human and Cow. The New York Times, November 12, A-1.
Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO). (1998) BIO Urges President’s Bioethics Advisory Panel To Consider Issues Raised By Stem Cell Research [Press Release]. November 12. Available from: http://www.bio.orginewsroom/newsitem.asp?id=1998_1112_01.
E.M. Meslin. (1996) Adding to the Canon: The Final Report [Book Review of The Final Report: White House Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments]. Hastings Center Report (Sept/Oct): 34–36.
N. Kass and A.A. Hyder. (2001) Attitudes and Experiences of U.S. and Developing Country Investigators Regarding U.S. Human Subjects Regulations. in NBAC. supra reference 24.
J. Sugarman, B. Popkin, J. Fortney, et al. (2001) International Perspectives on Protecting Human Subjects, in NBAC, supra reference 24.
P.A. Marshall. (2001) The Relevance of Culture for Informed Consent in U.S.-Funded International Health Research, in NBAC, supra reference 24.
E. Eiseman. (2000) Stored Tissue Samples: An Inventory of Sources in the United States, in NBAC, supra reference 21.
L. Andrews. (2000) State Regulations of Embryo Stem Cell Research, in NBAC, supra reference 22.
R.P. Brady, M.S. Newberry and V.W. Girard. (2000) The Food and Drug Administration’s Statutory and Regulatory Authority to Regulate Human Pluripotent Stem Cells, in NBAC, supra reference 22.
E.J. Flannery and G.H. Javitt. (2000) Analysis of Federal Laws Pertaining to Funding of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Research, in NBAC, supra reference 22.
K. Kinner. (2000) Bioethical Regulation of Human Fetal Tissue and Embryonic Germ Cellular Material: Legal Survey and Analysis, in NBAC, supra reference 22.
D. Brock. (1997) An Assessment of the Ethical Issues Pro and Con, in NBAC, supra reference 17.
A. Buchanan. (2000) An Ethical Framework for Biological Samples Policy, in NBAC, supra reference 21.
J.C. Fletcher. (2000) Deliberating Incrementally on Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Research, in NBAC, supra reference 22.
E. Parens. (2000) What Has the President Asked of NBAC? On the Ethics and Politics of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, in NBAC, supra reference 22.
A.W. Siegel. (2000) Locating Convergence: Ethics, Public Policy and Human Stem Cell Research, in NBAC, supra reference 22.
C.S. Campbell. (1997) Religious Perspectives on Human Cloning, in NBAC, supra reference 17.
C.S. Campbell. (2000) Research on Human Tissue: Religious Perspectives, in NBAC, supra reference 21.
NBAC. (2000) Ethical Issues in Human Stem Cell Research-Volume III, Religious Perspectives. U.S. Government Printing Office, Rockville, MD. June.
T.L. Beauchamp and J.F. Childress. (2001) Principles of Biomedical Ethics. 5th ed. Oxford University Press, New York, NY.
E.M. Meslin. (2000) Of Clones, Stem Cells, and Children: Issues and Challenges in Human Research Ethics. J. Womens Health Gend. Based Med. 9:831–841.
T.H. Murray. (1996) The Worth of the Child. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.
R.A. Charo. (1995) The Hunting of the Snark: The Moral Status of Embryos, Right-to-Lifers and Third World Women. Stanford Law and Policy Review 6:11–27.
P.A. King. (1997) Embryo Research: The Challenge for Public Policy. J. Med. Philos. 22(5):441–455.
T.L. Beauchamp. (1987) Ethical Theory and the Problem of Closure, in Scientific Controversies: Case Studies in the Resolution and Closure of Scientific Controversies. (H.T. Engelhardt, Jr. and A.L. Caplan, eds.) Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, pp. 27–48.
J.D. Moreno. (1996) Deciding Together: Bioethics and Moral Consensus. Oxford University Press, New York, NY.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2003 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Meslin, E.M. (2003). When Policy Analysis Is Carried Out in Public. In: Miller, F.G., Fletcher, J.C., Humber, J.M. (eds) The Nature and Prospect of Bioethics. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-370-5_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-370-5_4
Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ
Print ISBN: 978-1-61737-144-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-370-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive