Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Benign Neoplasms

  • Chapter
Pathology of Vascular Skin Lesions

Part of the book series: Current Clinical Pathology ((CCPATH))

  • 325 Accesses

Abstract

Hutchinson (1) first described angioma serpiginosum in 1889, under the term “a peculiar form of a serpiginous and infective nevoid disease.” He used the term “infective” to describe the pattern of progression of the disease, rather than to suggest an infectious etiology. Angioma serpiginosum is a neoplasm characterized by a proliferation of endothelial cells and formation of new capillaries and not simply a dilation of preexisting capillaries, as in telangiectases (2). Therefore, this lesion is included among the benign vascular neoplasms.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Hutchinson J. A peculiar form of serpiginosum and infective naevoid disease. Arch Surg 1889;1:275.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Neumann E. Some new observations on the genesis of angioma serpiginosum. Acta Derm Venereol 1971;51:194–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Stevenson MJ, Lincoln CS. Angioma serpiginosum. Arch Dermatol 1967;95:16–22.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Cox NH, Paterson WD. Angioma serpiginosum: a simulator of purpura. Postgrad Med J 1991;67: 1065–6.

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Ohnishi T, Nagayama T, Morita T, et al. Angioma serpiginosum: a report of 2 cases identified using epiluminescence microscopy. Arch Dermatol 1999;135:1366–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Marriott PJ, Munro DD, Ryan T. Angioma serpiginosum-familial incidence. Br J Dermatol 1975; 93:701–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Yaffee HS. Angioma serpiginosum. Arch Dermatol 1967;95:667.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Thiers H, Moulin G. Angiome serpigineux de Hutchinson. Bull Soc Fr Dermatol Syphiligr 1969;76:138.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Katta R, Wagner A. Angioma serpiginosum with extensive cutaneous involvement. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000;42:384–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Gerbig AW, Zala L, Hunziker T. Angioma serpiginosum, eine Hautveranderung entlang den BlaschkoLinien? Hautarzt 1995;46:847–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Gautier-Smith PC, Sanders MD, Sanderson KV. Ocular and nervous system involvement in angioma serpiginosum. Br J Ophthalmol 1971;55:433–43.

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Litoux P. Angiome serpigineux (deux observations). Bull Soc Fr Dermatol Syphiligr 1969;76:54.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Michalowski R, Urban J. Atypical angioma serpiginosum: a case report. Dermatologica 1982; 164:331–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Baker LP, Sachs PM. Angioma serpiginosum. Arch Dermatol 1965;92:613–20.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Burda A, Piechocki M. Uber das sogenannte Angioma serpiginosum. Hautarzt 1968;19:499–504.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Barabasch R, Baur M. Angioma serpiginosum. Ein Name für verschiedene dermatologische Krankheitsbilder. Hautarzt 1971;22:436–42.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Laugier P. L’angiome serpigineux de Hutchinson. Dermatologica 1967;135:369–74.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Reymond JL, Stoebner P, Amblard P. Telangiectasies naevoides acquises. Dermatologica 1979:159:489–94.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Kumakiri M. Katoh N. Miura Y. Angioma serniginosum. J Cutan Pathol 1980;7:410–21.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Chavaz P, Laugier P. Angiome serpigineux de Hutchinson: etude ultrastructurale. Ann Dermatol Venereol 1981;108:429–36.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Polla LL, Tan OT, Garden JM, Parrish JA. Tunable pulsed dye laser for the treatment of benign cutaneous vascular ectasia. Dermatologica 1987;174:11–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Long CC, Lanigan SW. Treatment of angioma serpiginosum using a pulsed tunable dye laser. Br J Dermatol 1997;136:631–2.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Mulliken JB, Glowacki J. Hemangiomas and vascular malformations in infants and children: a classification based on endothelial characteristics. Plast Reconstr Sur g 1982:69:412–22.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Mulliken JB. Diagnosis and natural history of hemangiomas. In: Mulliken JB, Young AE, eds. Vascular Birthmarks. Hemangiomas and Malformations. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 1988;41–61.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Enjolras O, Mulliken JB, Boon LM, Wassef M, Kozakewich HPW, Burrows PE. Noninvoluting congenital hemangioma: a rare cutaneous vascular anomaly. Plast Reconstr Surg 2001;107:1647–54.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. North PE, Waner M, James CA, Mizeracki A, Frieden IJ, Mihm MC Jr. Congenital nonprogressive hemangioma. A distinct clinicopathologic entity unlike infantile hemangioma. Arch Dermatol 2001;137:1607–20.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Enjolras O, Mulliken JB. The current management of vascular birthmarks. Pediatr Dermatol 1993;10:311–33.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Burrows PE, Laor T, Paltil H, Robertson RL. Diagnostic imaging in the evaluation of vascular birthmarks. Dermatol Clin 1998;16:455–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Dubois J, Garel L, Grignon A, et al. Imaging of hemangiomas and vascular malformations in children. Acad Radiol 1998;5:390–400.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Jacobs AH, Walton RG. The incidence of birthmarks in the neonate. Pediatrics 1976;58:218–22.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Hidano A, Purwoko R, Jitsukawa K. Statistical survey of skin changes in Japanese neonates. Pediatr Dermatol 1986;3:140–4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Holmdahl K. Cutaneous hemangiomas in premature and mature infants. Acta Paediatr 1955;44:370–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Jacobs AH. Strawberry hemangiomas: the natural history of the untreated lesion. Calif Med 1957; 86:8–10.

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  34. Amir J, Metzker A, Krikler R, et al. Strawberry hemangioma in preterm infants. Pediatr Dermatol 1987;3:331–2.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Powell TG, West CR, Pharaoh POD, et al. Epidemiology of strawberry haemangioma in low birth weight infants. Br J Dermatol 1987;116:635–41.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Burton BK, Schulz CJ, Angle B, Burd LI. An increased incidence of haemangiomas in infants born following chorionic villus sampling (CVS). Prenat Diagn 1995;15:209–14.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Cheung DS, Warman ML, Mulliken JB. Hemangioma in twins. Ann Plast Surg 1997;38:269–74.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Blei F, Walter J, Orlow SJ, Marchuk DA. Familial segregation of hemangiomas and vascular malformations as an autosomal dominant trait. Arch Dermatol 1998;134:718–22.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Bowers RE, Graham EA, Tomlinson KM. The natural history of the strawberry nevus. Arch Dermatol 1960;82:667–80.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Nakayama H. Clinical and histological studies of the classification and the natural course of the strawberry mark. J Dermatol 1981;2:277–91.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Yagupski P, Giladi Y. Group A ß-hemolytic streptococcal septicemia complicating infected hemangioma in children. Pediatr Dermatol 1987;4:24–6.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Ferguson CF, Flake CG. Subglotic hemangioma as a cause of respiratory obstruction in infants. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1961;75:1095–122.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Stigmar G, Crawford JS, Ward CM, Thomson MG. Ophthalmic sequelae of infantile hemangiomas of the eyelids and orbit. Am J Ophthalmol 1978;85:806–12.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Healey GB, Fearon B, French R, et al. Treatment of subglotic hemangioma with the carbon dioxide laser. Laryngoscope 1980;90:809–13.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Kasabach HH, Merritt KK. Capillary hemangioma with extensive purpura: report of a case. Am J Dis Child 1940;59:1063–70.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Esterly NB. Kasabach-Merritt syndrome in infants. J Am Acad Dermatol 1983;8:504–13.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Shim WKT. Hemangiomas of infancy complicated by thrombocytopenia. Am J Surg 1968;116:896–906.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Lang PG, Dubin HV. Hemangioma-thrombocytopenia syndrome: a disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. Arch Dermatol 1975;111:105–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Orenstein DM, Yonas H, Bilenker R, et al. Hemangioma thrombocytopenia syndrome. Am J Dis Child 1977;131:680–1.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Alves JCR, Fernal WH, Christo MC, et al. Giant hemangioma of the thigh (Kasabach-Merritt syndrome): resection with temporary clamping of the common iliac artery. Br J Plast Surg 1985;38:426–32.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Evans J, Batchelor ADR, Stark G, et al. Hemangioma with coagulopathy sustained response to prednisone. Arch Dis Child 1975;50:809–12.

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  52. Edgerton MT. The treatment of hemangiomas: with special reference to the role of steroid therapy. Ann Surg 1976;183:517–32.

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  53. Brown SH Jr, Neerhout RC, Fonkalsrud EW. Prednisone therapy in the management of large hemangiomas in infants and children. Surgery 1972;71:168–73.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Camelli V, Bellini F, Ferrari M, et al. Giant hemangioma with consumption coagulopathy: sustained response to heparin and radiotherapy. J Pediatr 1977;91:504–5.

    Google Scholar 

  55. David TJ, Evans DIK, Stevens RE Haemangioma with thrombocytopenia (Kasabach-Merritt syndrome). Arch Dis Child 1983;58:1022–3.

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  56. Ezekowitz RA, Mulliken JB, Folkman J. Interferon alpha-2α therapy for life-threatening hemangiomas of the infancy. N Engl J Med 1992;326:1456–63.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. de Prost Y, Teilla CD, Bordemer C, et al. Successful treatment ot KasaPachh-Merritt syndrome witn pentoxifylline. J Am Acad Dermatol 1991;25:854–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Corrigan JJ Jr. Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. Pediatrics 1979;64:37–46.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Bell R. Disseminated intravascular coagulation. Johns Hopkins Med J 1980;146:289–99.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Koerper MA, Addiego JE Jr, de Lorimier AA, et al. Use of aspirin and dipyridamole in children with Platelet trapping syndromes. J Pediatr 1983;102:311–4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Enjolras O, Wassef M, Mazoyer E, et al. Infants with Kasabach-Merritt syndrome do not have “true” hemangiomas. J Pediatr 1997;130:631–40.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Sarkar M, Mulliken JB, Kozakewich HP, Robertson RL, Burrows PE. Thrombocytopenic coagulopathy (Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon) is associated with kaposiform hemangioendothelioma and not with common infantile hemangioma. Plast Reconstr Surg 1997;100:1377–86.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Alvarez-Mendoza A, Lourdes TS, Ridaura-Sanz C, Ruiz-Maldonado R. Histopathology of vascular lesions found in Kasabach-Merritt syndrome: review based on 13 cases. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2000;3:556–60.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Kishnani P, Iafolla AK, McConkie-Rosell A, Van Hove JLK, Kanter RJ, Kahler SG. Hemangioma, supraumbilical midline raphe, and coarctation of the aorta with a right aorta arch: single causal entity? Am J Med Genet 1995;59:44–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Opitz JM, Gilbert EF. CNS anomalies at the midline as a “developmental field.” Am J Med Genet 1982;12:443–55.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Pascual-Castroviejo I, Viano J, Moreno F, et al. Hemangiomas of the head, neck and chest with associated vascular brain anomalies: a complex neurocutaneous syndrome. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1996;17:461–71.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Esterly NB. Hemangiomas in infants and children: clinical observations. Pediatr Dermatol 1992;9:353–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Frieden IJ, Reese V, Cohen D. PHACE syndrome: the association of posterior fossa brain malformations, hemangiomas, arterial anomalies, coarctation of the aorta and cardiac defects, and eye abnormalities. Arch Dermatol 1996;132:307–11.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Reese V, Frieden IJ, Paller AS, et al. Association of facial hemangiomas with Dandy-Walker and other posterior fossa malformations. J Pediatr 1993;122:379–84.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Hersh JH, Waterfill D, Rytledge J, et al. Sternal malformation/vascular dysplasia association. Am J Med Genet 1985;21:177–86.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Albright AL, Gartner JC, Wiener ES. Lumbar cutaneous hemangiomas as indicators of tethered spinal cords. Pediatrics 1988;83:977–80.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Goldberg NS, Hebert AA, Esterly NB. Sacral hemangiomas and multiple congenital anomalies. Arch Dermatol 1986;122:684–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Golitz LE, Rudikoff J, O’Meara OP. Diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis. Pediatr Dermatol 1986;3:145–52.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Burke EC, Winkelmann RK, Strickland MK. Disseminated hemangiomatosis of the newborn with central nervous system involvement. Am J Dis Child 1964;108:408–24.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Esterly NB, Margileth AM, Kahn G, et al. Management of disseminated eruptive hemangiomata in infants. Pediatr Dermatol 1984;1:312–7.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Burman D, Mansell PWA, Warin RP. Miliary hemangiomata in the newborn. Arch Dis Child 1967;42:193–7.

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  77. Dachman AH, Lichtenstein JE, Friedman AC, et al. Infantile hemangioendothelioma of the liver: a radiologic-pathologic-clinical correlation. AJR 1983;140:1091–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Jackson C, Greene HL, O’Neill J, et al. Hepatic hemangioendothelioma: angiographic appearance and apparent prednisone responsiveness. Am J Dis Child 1977;131:74–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Schiliro G, Guarnieri B, Russo A. A case of multiple neonatal haemangiomatosis with favorable outcome following steroid therapy. Acta Paediatr Scand 1976;65:267–70.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Stillman AE, Hansen RC, Hallinan V, et al. Diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis with severe gastrointestinal involvement: favorable response to steroid therapy. Clin Pediatr 1983;22:589–91.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Weiss MJ, Ernest JT. Diffuse congenital hemangiomatosis with infantile glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol 1976;81:216–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Balaci E, Sumner TE, Auringer ST, Cox TD. Diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis with extensive involvement of the brain and cervical spinal cord. Pediatr Radiol 1999;29:441–3.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Stem JK, Wolf JE Jr, Jarratt M. Benign neonatal hemangiomatosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1981;4:442–5.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Held JL, Harber RS, Silvers DN, et al. Benign neonatal hemangiomatosis: review and description of a patient with unusually persistent lesions. Pediatr Dermatol 1990;7:63–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Keller L, Bluhm JF III. Diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis. A case with heart failure and thrombocytopenia. Cutis 1979;23:295–7.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Glowacki J, Mulliken JB. Mast cells in hemangiomas and vascular malformations. Pediatrics 1982;70:48–51.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Gonzalez-Crussi F, Reyes Mugica M. Cellular hemangiomas (hemangioendotheliomas) in infants: light microscopic, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural observations. Am J Surg Pathol 1991;15:769–78.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Shea CR, Prieto VG. Mast cells in angiolipomas and hemangiomas of human skin: are they important for angiogenesis? J Cutan Pathol 1994;21:247–51.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Calonje E, Mentzel T, Fletcher CDM. Pseudomalignant perineural invasion in cellular (“infantile”) capillary haemangiomas. Histopathology 1995;26:157–64.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Smoller BR, Apfelberg DB. Infantile (juvenile) capillary hemangioma: a tumor of heterogeneous cellular elements. J Cutan Pathol 1993;20:330–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Bielenberg DR, Bucana CD, Sanchez R, Mulliken JB, Folkman J, Fidler IJ. Progressive growth of infantile cutaneous hemangiomas is directly correlated with hyperplasia and angiogenesis of adjacent epidermis and inversely correlated with expression of the endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor, IFN-beta. Int J Oncol 1999;14:401–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Verkarre V, Patey-Mariaud de Serre N, Vazeux R, et al. ICAM-3 and E-selectin endothelial cell expression differentiate two phases of angiogenesis in infantile hemangiomas. J Cutan Pathol 1999:26:17–24.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Takahashi K, Mulliken JB, Kozakewich HPW, Rogers RA, Folkman J, Ezekowitz AB. Cellular markers that distinguish the phases of hemangioma during infancy and childhood. J Clin Invest 1994;93: 2357–64.

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  94. Razon MJ, Kraling BM, Mulliken JB, BischoffJ. Increased apoptosis coincides with onset of involution in infantile hemanaioma. Microcirculation 1998:5:189–95.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Chang E, Boyd A, Nelson CC, et al. Successful treatment of infantile hemangiomas with interferon alpha-2b. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 1997;19:237–44.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. North PE, Waner M, Mizeracki A, Mihm MC Jr. GLUT1: a newly discovered immunohistochemical marker for juvenile hemangiomas. Hum Pathol 2000:31:11–22.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. North PE, Waner M, Mizeracki A, et al. A unique microvascular phenotype shared by juvenile hemangiomas and human placenta. Arch Dermatol 2001;137:559–70.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Bree AF, Siegfried E, Sotelo-Avila C, Nahass G. Infantile hemangiomas. Speculation on placental trophoblastic origin. Arch Dermatol 2001;137:573–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Taxy JB, Gray Sr. Cellular angiomas of infancy: an ultrastructural study of two cases. Cancer 1979:43:2322–31.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Tani M, Kaibuchi S, Morata Y, et al. Ultrastructure of hypertrophic hemangioma. J Cutan Pathol 1983;10:133–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Furusato M, Fukunaga M, Kikuchi Y, et al. Two-and-three dimensional ultrastructural observations of angiogenesis in juvenile hemangioma. Virchows Arch (B) 1984;46:229–37.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Kumakiri M, Muramoto F, Tsukinaga I, Yoshida T, Ohura T, Miura Y. Crystalline lamellae in the endothelial cells of a type of hemangioma characterized by the proliferation of immature endothelial cells and pericytes-angioblastoma (Nakagawa). J Am Acad Dermatol 1983;8:68–75.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Pasyk KA, Grabb WC, Cherry GW. Crystalloid inclusions in endothelial cells of cellular and capillary hemangiomas: a possible sign of cellular immaturity. Arch Dermatol 1983;119:134–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Waldo ED, Vuletin JC, Kaye GT. The ultrastructure of vascular tumors: additional observations and a review of the literature. Pathol Annu 1977;12:279–308.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Sato Y, Frey EE, Wicklund B, Kisker CT, Smith WL. Embolization therapy in the management of infantile hemangioma with Kasabach Merritt syndrome. Pediatr Radiol 1987;17:503–4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Enjolras O, Borsik M, Herbreteau D, Merland JJ, Hadjean E, Huy PT. Indications chirurgicales dans les angiomes de face. Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac 1993;110:192–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Chowdri NA, Darzi MA, Fazili Z, Igbal S. Intralesional corticosteroid therapy for childhood cutaneous hemangiomas. Ann Plast Surg 1994;33:46–51.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Lacour M, Syed S, Linward J, Harper JI. Role of the pulsed dye laser in the management ot ulcerated capillary haemangiomas. Arch Dis Child 1996;74:161–3.

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  109. Sarihan H, Mocan H, Yildiz K, Abes M, Akyazici R. A new treatment with bleomycin for complicated cutaneous hemangioma in children. Eur J Pediatr Surg 1997;7:158–62.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Burstein FD, Simms C, Cohen SR, Williams JK, Paschal M. Intralesional laser therapy of extensive hemangiomas in 100 consecutive pediatric patients. Ann Plast Surg 2000;44:188–94.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Reischle S, Schuller-Petrovic S. Treatment of capillary hemangiomas of early childhood with a new method of cryosurgery. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000;42:809–13.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Bassukas ID, Abuzahra F, Hundeiker M. Regressionsphase als therapeutisches Ziel der kryochirurgischen Behandlung wachsender kapillarer Sauglingshamangiome. Behandlungsentscheidung, Behandlungsstrategie und Ergebnisse einer offenen klinischen Studi. Hautarzt 2000;51:231–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Haywood RM, Monk BE, Mahaffey PJ. The treatment of early cutaneous capillary hemangiomata (strawberry naevi) with the tunable dye laser. Br J Plast Surg 2000;53:302–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Seville RH, Rao PS, Hutchinson DN, Birchall G. Outbreak of Campbell de Morgan spots. Br Med J 1970;1:408–9.

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  115. Honish A, Grimsrud K, Miedzinski L, Gold E, Cherry RR. Outbreak of Campbell de Morgan spots in a nursing home-Alberta. Can Dis Wklv Ren 1988;14:211–2

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Cherry JD, Bobinski JE, Horvath FL, Comerci GD. Acute hemangioma-like lesions associated with ECHO viral infections. Pediatrics 1969;44:498–502.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Raymond LW, Williford LS, Burke WA. Eruptive cherry angiomas and irritant symptoms after one acute exposure to the glycol ether solvent 2-butoxyethanol. J Occup Environ Med 1998;40:1059–64.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Firooz A, Komeili A, Dowlati Y. Eruptive melanocytic nevi and cherry angiomas secondary to exposure to sulfur mustard gas. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999:40:646–7

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Cohen AD, Cagnano E, Vardy DA. Cherry angiomas associated with exposure to bromides. Dermatology 2001;202:52–3.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Barter RH, Letterman GS, Schurter M. Hemangiomas in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1963;87:625–34.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Schmidt CP. Purpuric halos around hemangiomas in systemic amyloidosis. Cutis 1991;48:141–3.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Salamon T, Lazovic O, Milicevic M. Histologic findings in angioma senile. The phenomenon of epidermal-dermal survillance. Dermatologica 1973;147:284–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Salamon T, Lazovic O, Milicevic M. Über einige histologische Befunde bei dem sogenannten Angioma senile. Dermatol Monatsschr 1973;159;1021–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Hagiwara K, Khaskhely NM, Uezato H, Nonaka S. Mast cell “densities” in vascular proliferations: a preliminary study of pyogenic granuloma, portwine stain, cavernous hemangioma, cherry angioma, Kaposi’s sarcoma, and malignant hemangioendothelioma. J Dermatol 1999;26:577–86.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Eichhorn M, Jungkunz W, Worl J, Marsch WC. Carbonic anhydrase is abundant in fenestrated capillaries of cherry hemangioma. Acta Derm Venereol 1994;74:51–3.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Tuder RM, Young R, Karasek M, Bensch K. Adult cutaneous hemangiomas are composed of nonreplicating endothelial cells. J Invest Dermatol 1987;89:594–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Sala F, Crosti C, Menni S, Piccinno R. Cherry hemangioma: an SEM study. J Cutan Pathol 1984;11:531–3.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Tamm E, Jungkunz W, Marsch WC, Lutjen-Drecoll E. Increase in types IV and VI collagen in cherry haemangiomas. Arch Dermatol Res 1992;284:275–82.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Robinson JK. Electrodesiccation of nevi aranei (“spiders”) and senile angiomas. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1980;6:794–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Aversa AJ, Miller OF. Cryo-curettage of cherry angiomas. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1983;9:930–1.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Landthaler M, Hama D, Waidelich W, Braun-Falco O. A three-year experience with the argon laser in dermatotherapy. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1984;10:456–61.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Grekin RC, Flynn TC, Cooper D, Geisse J. Efficacy of a 2-mm spot size lens for the treatment of superficial vascular lesions with a flashlamp-pumped dye laser. Int J Dermatol 1997:36:865–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Aghassi D, Anderson RR, Gonzalez S. Time-sequence histologic imaging of laser-treated cherry angiomas with in vivo confocal microscopy. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000;43:37–41.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Gupta G, Bilsland D. A prospective study of the impact of laser treatment on vascular lesions. Br J Dermatol 2000;143:356–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Biberstein HH, Jessner M. A cirsoid aneurysm of the skin. Dermatologica 1956;113:129–41.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Girard C, Graham JH, Johnson WC. Arteriovenous hemangioma (arteriovenous shunt). J Cutan Pathol 1974;1:73–87.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Rosen T. Arteriovenous hemangioma. Cutis 1979;24:57–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Carapeto FJ, Garcia-Pérez A, Winkelmann RK. Acral arteriovenous tumor. Acta Derm Venereol 1977;57:155–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Carapeto FJ, Armijo M. Tumeur acrale arterio-veineuse. Ann Dermatol Venereol 1978;105:977–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Persson JR. Acral arteriovenous tumor. Acta Derm Venereol 1978;58:95.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. Connelly MG, Winkelmann RK. Acral arteriovenous tumor: a clinicopathologic review. Am J Surg Pathol 1985;9:15–21.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Neumann RA, Knobler M, Schuller Petrovic S, et al. Giant arteriovenous hemangioma (cirsoid aneurysm) of the nose. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1989;15:739–42.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Koutlas IG, Jessurum J. Arteriovenous hemangioma: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study. J Cutan Pathol 1994;21:343–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. Lazarou G, Goldberg MI. Vulvar arteriovenous hemangioma. A case report. J Reprod Med 2000;45:439–41.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Calzavara Pinton P, Carlino A, Manganoni AM, Donzelli C, Faccheti F. Sindrome del nevo epidermico con malformazioni e amartomi vascolari multipli. G Ital Dermatol Venereol 1990;125:251–4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. Akiyama M, Inamoto N. Arteriovenous hemangiomas on the foreheads of patients with chronic liver disease. Arch Intern Med 1998;158:1469.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. Satomi H, Imakado S, Ichikawa E, Fujisawa H, Otsuka F. A case of arteriovenous hemangioma associated with liver cirrhosis. Dermatology 1999;199:278.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. Akiyama M, Inamoto N. Arteriovenous haemangioma in chronic liver disease: clinical and histopathologic features of four cases. Br J Dermatol 2001;144:604–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. Kutzner H, Winzer M, Mentzel T. Symplastisches Hamangiom. Hautarzt 2000;51:327–31.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. Kishimoto S, Takenaka H, Shibagaki R, Nagata M, Katoh N, Yasuno H. Verruciform xanthoma arising in an arteriovenous haemangioma. Br J Dermatol 1998;139:546–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. Santa Cruz DJ, Aronberg J. Targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma. J Am Acad Dermatol 1988;19:550–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. Rapini RP, Golitz LE. Targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma. J Cutan Pathol 1990;17:233–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. Vion B, Frenk E. Targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma. Dermatology 1992;184:300–2.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. Benes P, Douglass M, Lowe L. Targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma; a series of four cases [Abstract]. J Cutan Pathol 1993;20:533.

    Google Scholar 

  155. Krahl D, Petzoldt D. Targetoides hamosiderotisches Hamangiom. Eine weitere Differentialdiagnose des Kaposi-Sarkoms. Hautarzt 1994;45:34–7.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. Lowe L. Self assessment-1993. Targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma. J Cutan Pathol 1994;21:568–9.

    Google Scholar 

  157. Perrin C, Rodot S, Ortonne JP, Michiels JF. L’hémangiome en cible hémosidériniqué. Ann Dermatol Venereol 1995;122:111–4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  158. Margarotn GN, Ligelaar KT, Longley J, Luck LE, Lettell DJ. Targetoid hemangioma associated with pregnancy and the menstrual cycle. J Am Acad Dermatol 1995;32:282–4.

    Google Scholar 

  159. Held JL, Malhotra R. Targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma. Fitzpatrick’s J Clin Dermatol 1995;3:70.

    Google Scholar 

  160. Farina MC, Montalvo N, Piqué E, et al. Hemangioma hemosiderótico en diana: un nuevo caso y revision de la literatura. Actas Dermosifiliogr 1995;86:383–7.

    Google Scholar 

  161. Ho C, McCalmont TH. Targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma: report of 24 cases, with emphasis on unusual features and comparison to early Kaposi’s sarcoma [Abstract]. J Cutan Pathol 1995;22:67.

    Google Scholar 

  162. Ly S, Versapuech J, Vergier B, Beylot-Barry M, Beylot C. Guess what? Targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma. Eur J Dermatol 1998;8:583–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  163. Avci O, Soyal MC, Sagol O, Gunes AT. Targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma [Letter]. J Eur Acad Derm Venereol 1998;11:186–7.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  164. Carlson JA, Daulat S, Goodheart HP. Targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma-a dynamic vascular tumor: report of 3 cases with episodic and cyclic changes and comparison with solitary angiokeratomas. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999;41:215–24.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  165. Guillou L, Calonje E, Speight P, Rosai J, Fletcher CD. Hobnail hemangioma: a pseudomalignant vascular lesion with a reappraisal of targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma. Am J Surg Pathol 1999;23:97–105.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  166. Santoja C, Torrelo A. Hobnail hemangioma. Dermatology 1995;191:154–6.

    Google Scholar 

  167. Mentzel T, Partanen TA, Kutzner H. Hobnail hemangioma (“targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma”): clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis of 62 cases. J Cutan Pathol 1999;26:279–86.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. Requena L, Sangueza OP. Cutaneous vascular proliferations. Part II. Hyperplasias and benign neoplasms. J Am Acad Dermatol 1997;37:887–919.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  169. Christenson LJ, Seabury Stone M. Trauma-induced simulator of targetoid hemosiderotic hemangioma. Am J Dermatopathol 2001;23:221–3.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  170. Hunt SJ, Santa Cruz DJ, Barr RJ. Microvenular hemangioma. J Cutan Pathol 1991;18:235–40.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  171. Bantel E, Grosshans E, Ortonne JP. Zuz Kenntnis mickrokapillärer angiome, beobachtungen bei schwangeren bzw. unter hormoneller antikonzeption stehenden Frauen. Z Hautkr 1989;64:1071–4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  172. Aloi F, Tomasini C, Pippione M. Microvenular hemangioma. Am J Dermatopathol 1993;15:534–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  173. Satge D, Grande-Goburdhun J, Grosshans E. Hémangiome microcapillaire. Ann Dermatol Venereol 1993;120:297–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  174. Horn MS, Stern JB. Small red nodule on the leg of a young woman. Microvenular hemangioma. Arch Dermatol 1995;131:483.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  175. Black RJ, McCusker GM, Eedy DJ. Microvenular haemangioma. Clin Exp Dermatol 1995;20:260–2.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  176. Sanz Trelles A, Ojeda Martos A, Jiménez Fernández A, Vera Castanno A. Microvenular hemangioma: a new case in a child. Histopathology 1998;32:89–90.

    Google Scholar 

  177. Fukunaga M, Ushigome S. Microvenular hemangioma. Pathol Int 1998;48:237–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  178. Rikihisa W, Yamamoto O, Kohda F, et al. Microvenular hemangioma in a patient with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Br J Dermatol 1999;141:752–4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  179. Ackerman AB, Guo Y, Vitale P. Clues to Diagnosis in Dermatopathology II. Chicago, ASCP Press, 1992:285–8.

    Google Scholar 

  180. Wilson Jones E. Malignant vascular tumors. Clin Exp Dermatol 1976;1:287–312.

    Google Scholar 

  181. MacMillan A, Champion RH. Progressive capillary haemangioma. Br J Dermatol 1971;85:492–3.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  182. Nakagawa K. Case report of angioblastoma of the skin. Nippon Hifuka Gakkai Zasshi 1949;59:92–4.

    Google Scholar 

  183. Wilson Jones E, Orkin M. Tufted angioma (angioblastoma). A benign progressive angioma not to be confused with Kaposi’s sarcoma or low-grade angiosarcoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989;20:214–25.

    Google Scholar 

  184. Igarashi M, Ohi T, Koga M. The relationship between angioblastoma (Nakagawa) and tufted angioma: report of four cases with angioblastoma and a literature-based comparison of the two conditions. J Dermatol 2000:27:537–42.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  185. Cho KH. Tufted angioma: is it the same as angioblastoma (Nakagawa)? Arch Dermatol 1997;13:33–789

    Google Scholar 

  186. Satomi I, Tanaka Y, Murata J, Fujisawa R. A case of angioblastoma (Nakagawa) Rinsho Dermatol (Tokyo) 1981;23:703–9.

    Google Scholar 

  187. Kim KJ, Lee MW, Choi JH, Sung KJ, Moon KC, Koh JK. A case of congenital tufted angioma mimicking cavernous hemangioma. J Dermatol 2001;28:514–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  188. Hebeda CL, Scheffer E, Starink TM. Tufted angioma of late onset. Histopathology 1993;23:191–3.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  189. Descours H, Grezard P, Chouvet B, Labeille B. Angiome en touffes acquis de l’adulte. Ann Dermatol Venereol 1998:125:44–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  190. Dewerdt S, Callens A, Machet L, Grangeponte MC, Vaillant L, Lorette G. Angiome en touffes acquis de l’adulte: échec du traitement par laser à colorant pulse. Ann Dermatol Venereol 1998:125:47–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  191. Heagertv AHM. Rubin A. Robinson TWE. Familial tufted angioma. Clin ExD Dermatol 1992:17:344–5.

    Google Scholar 

  192. Kumakiri M, Muramoto F, Tsukinaga I, Yoshida T, Ohura T, Miura Y. Crystalline lamellae in the endothelial cells of a type of hemangioma characterized by the proliferation of immature endothelial cells and pericytes-angioblastoma (Nakagawa). J Am Acad Dermatol 1983;8:68–75.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  193. Okada E, Tamura A, Ishikawa O, Miyachi Y. Tufted angioma (angioblastoma): case report and review of 41 cases in the Japanese literature. Clin Exp Dermatol 2000;25:627–30.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  194. Ward KA, Kennedy CT, Ashworth MT. Acquired tufted angioma frequently develops at sites other than the neck and upper trunk. Clin Exp Dermatol 1996;21:80.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  195. Kleinegger CL, Hammond HL, Vincent SD, Finkelstein MW. Acquired tufted angioma: a unique vascular lesion not previously reported in the oral mucosa. Br J Dermatol 2000;142:794–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  196. Daley T. Acquired tufted angioma of the lower lip mucosa. J Can Dent Assoc 2000;66:137.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  197. Michel S, Hohenleutner U, Stolz W, Knuchel-Clarke R, Helmig M, Landthaler M. Buschelartiges angiom (“tufted angioma”). Klin Padiatr 2001;213:39–42.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  198. Allen PW. Three new vascular tumors-tufted angioma, kaposiform infantile hemangioendothelioma, and proliferative cutaneous angiomatosis. Int J Surg Pathol 1994;2:63–72.

    Google Scholar 

  199. Sumitra S, Yesudian P. Painful tufted angioma precipitated by trauma. Int J Dermatol 1994;33:675–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  200. Bernstein EF, Kantor G, Howe N, Savit RM, Koblenzer P, Uitto J. Tufted angioma of the thigh. J Am Acad Dermatol 1994;31:307–11.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  201. Cho KH, Kim SH, Park KC, et al. Angioblastoma (Nakagawa)- is it the same as tufted angioma? Clin Exp Dermatol 1991;16:110–3.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  202. Padilla RS, Orkin M, Rosai J. Acquired “tufted” angioma (progressive capillary hemangioma). A distinctive clinicopathologic entity related to lobular capillary hemangioma. Am J Dermatopathol 1987;9:292–300.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  203. Jang KA, Choi JH, Sung KJ, Moon KC, Koh JK. Congenital linear tufed angioma with spontaneous regression. Br J Dermatol 1998;138:912–3.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  204. Alessi E, Bertani E, Sala F. Acquired tufted angioma. Am J Dermatopathol 1986;8:426–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  205. Kim TH, Choi EH, Ahn SK, Lee SH. Vascular tumors arising in port-wine stains: two cases of pyogenic granuloma and a case of acquired tufted angioma. J Dermatol 1999;26:813–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  206. Michel S, Hohenleutner U, Stolz W, Landthaler M. Acquired tufted angioma in association with a complex cutaneous vascular malformation. Br J Dermatol 1999;141:1142–4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  207. Kim YK, Kim HJ, Lee KG. Acquired tufted angioma associated with pregnancy. Clin Exp Dermatol 1992;7:458–9.

    Google Scholar 

  208. Hiraiwa A, Takai K, Fukui Y, Adachi A, Fujii H. Non-regressing lipodystrophia centrifugalis abdominalis with angioblastoma (Nakagawa). Arch Dermatol 1990;126:206–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  209. Chu P, LeBoit PE. An eruptive vascular proliferation resembling acquired tufted angioma in the recipient of a liver transplant. J Am Acad Dermatol 1992;26:322–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  210. Catteau B, Enjolras O, Delaporte E, Friedel J, Breviere G, Wassef M. Angiome en touffes sclérosant. A propos de 4 observations aux membres inférieurs. Ann Dermatol Venereol 1998;125:682–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  211. Enjolras O, Wassef M, Mazoyer E, et al. Infants with Kasabach-Merritt syndrome do not have “true” hemangiomas. J Pediatr 1997;130:631–40.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  212. Leaute-Labreze C, Bioulac-Sage P, Labbe L, Meraud JP, Taieb A. Tufted angioma asssociated with platelet trapping syndrome: response to aspirin. Arch Dermatol 1997;133:1077–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  213. Enjolras O, Wassef M, Dosquet C, et al. Syndrome de Kasabach-Merritt sur angiome en touffes congénital. Ann Dermatol Venereol 1998;125:257–60.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  214. Nakamura E, Ohnishi T, Watanabe S, Takahashi H. Kasabach-Merritt syndrome associated with angioblastoma. Br J Dermatol 1998;139:164–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  215. Seo SK, Suh JC, Na GY, Kim IS, Sohn KR. Kasabach-Merritt syndrome: identification of platelet trapping in a tufted angioma by immunohistochemistry technique using monoclonal antibody to CD61. Pediatr Dermatol 1999;16:392–4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  216. Enjolras O, Mulliken JB, Wassef M, et al. Residual lesions after Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon in 41 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000;42:225–35.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  217. Alvarez-Mendoza A, Lourdes TS, Ridaura-Sanz C, Ruiz-Maldonado R. Histopathology of vascular lesions found in Kasabach-Merritt syndrome: review based on 13 cases. Pediatr Dey Pathol 2000;3: 556–60.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  218. Croue A, Habersetzer M, Leclech C, Forest JL, Saint-Andre JP, Verret JL. Le “tufted angioma” (angiome en touffes). Une tumeur vasculaire benigne à différencier du sarcoma de Kaposi. Arch Anat Cytol Pathol 1993;41:159–63.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  219. Ban M, Kamiya H, Kitajima Y. Tufted angioma of adult onset, revealing abundant eccrine glands and central regression. Dermatology 2000;201:68–70.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  220. Fukunaga M. Intravenous tufted angioma. APMIS 2000;108:287–92.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  221. Mentzel T, Wollina U, Castelli E, Kutzner H. Buschelartiges Hamangiom (“tufted angioma”). Klinischpathologische und immunohistologische Analyse von funf Fallen einer distinkten Entitat im Spektrum der kapillaren Hamangiome. Hautarzt 1996;47:369–75.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  222. Nielsen H, Nielsen PL. Cutaneous tufted angioma as differential diagnosis to Kaposi’s sarcoma in HIV infection. AIDS 1994;8:707–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  223. Miyamoto T, Mihara M, Mishima, E, et al. Acquired tufted angioma showing spontaneous regression. Br J Dermatol 1992;127:645–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  224. Lam WY, Mac-Moune Lai F, Look CN, Choi PC, Allen PW. Tufted angioma with complete regression. J Cutan Pathol 1994;21:461–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  225. McKenna KE, McCusker G. Spontaneous regression of a tufted angioma. Clin Exp Dermatol 2000;25:656–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  226. Verret JL, Leclech C, Croue A, Forest JL, Peria PH, Matard B. Tufted angioma (angioblastome). Ann Dermatol Venereol 1994;121:140.

    Google Scholar 

  227. Frenk E, Vion B, Merot Y, Ruffieux C. Tufted angioma. Dermatologica 1990;181:242–3.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  228. Munn SE, Jackson JE, Russell Jones R. Tufted haemangioma responding to high-dose systemic steroids: a case report and review of the literature. Clin Exp Dermatol 1994;19:511–4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  229. Suarez SM, Pensler JM, Paller AS. Response of deep tufted angioma to interferon alpha. J Am Acad Dermatol 1995;33:124–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  230. Park KC, Ahn PS, Lee YS, Kim KH, Cho KH. Treatment of angioblastoma with recombinant interferonalpha 2. Pediatr Dermatol 1995;12:184–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  231. Robenzadeh A, Don PC, Weinberg JM. Treatment of tufted angioma with interferon alfa: role of bFDG. Pediatr Dermatol 1998;15:482.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  232. Wilmer A, Kaatz M, Bocker T, Wollina U. Tufted angioma. Eur J Dermatol 1999;9:51–3.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  233. Wollina U. Interferon for tufted angioma. Pediatr Dermatol 1999;16:338.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  234. Farina MC, Torrelo A, Mediero IG, Zambrano A. Angioma en penacho. Actas Dermosifiliogr 1996;87:563–7.

    Google Scholar 

  235. Chan JKC, Fletcher CDM, Hicklin GA, Rosai J. Glomeruloid hemangioma. A distinctive cutaneous lesion of multicentric Castleman’s disease associated with POEMS syndrome. Am J Surg Pathol 1990;14:1036–46.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  236. Frizzera G. Castleman’s disease and related disorders. Semin Diagn Pathol 1988;5:346–64.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  237. Derevre O, Guillot B, Dandurand M, Bataille R. Les signes cutanés du syndrome POEMS. Ann Dermatol Venereol 1990;117:283–90.

    Google Scholar 

  238. Shelley WB, Shelley ED. The skin changes in the Crow-Fukase (POEMS) syndrome. Arch Dermatol 1987;123:85–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  239. Miralles GD, O’Fallon JR, Talley NJ. Plasma-cell dyscrasia with polineuropathy: the spectrum of POEMS syndrome. N Engl J Med 1992;327:1919–23.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  240. Perniciaro C. POEMS syndrome. Semin Dermatol 1995;14:162–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  241. Zea Mendoza A, Alonso Ruiz A, Garcia Vadillo A, et al. POEMS syndrome with neuroarthropathy and nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver. Arthritis Rheum 1984;27:1053–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  242. Ishikawa O, Nihei Y, Ishikawa H. The skin changes of POEMS syndrome. Br J Dermatol 1987;117:523–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  243. Kanitakis J, Roger H, Soubrier M, Dubost JJ, Chouvet B, Souteyrand P. Cutaneous angiomas in POEMS syndrome. An ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study. Arch Dermatol 1988;124:695–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  244. Puig L, Moreno A, Domingo P, Llistosella E, de Moragas JM. Cutaneous angiomas in POEMS syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol 1985;12:961–4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  245. Judge MR, McGibbon DH, Thompson RPH. Angioendotheliomatosis associated with Castleman’s lymphoma and POEMS syndrome. Clin Exp Dermatol 1993;18:360–2.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  246. Rongioletti F, Gambina C, Lerza R. Glomeruloid hemangioma. A cutaneous marker of POEMS syndrome. Am J Dermatopathol 1994;16:175–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  247. del Rio R, Alsina M, Monteagudo J, et al. POEMS syndrome and multiple angioproliferative lesions mimicking histiocytomas. Acta Dermn Venereol 1994;74:388–90.

    Google Scholar 

  248. Ackerman AB, Guo Y, Vitale P. Clues to Diagnosis in Dermatopathology II. Chicago, ASCP Press, 1992:285–8.

    Google Scholar 

  249. Tsang WYW, Chan JKC, Fletcher CDM. Recently characterized vascular tumours of skin and soft tissues. Histopathology 1991;19:489–501.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  250. Yang SG, Cho KH, Bang YJ, Kim CW. A case of glomeruloid hemangioma associated with multicentric Castleman’s disease. Am J Dermatopathol 1998;20:266–70.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  251. Tsai CY, Lai CH, Chan HL, Kuo TT. Glomeruloid hemangioma-a specific marker of POEMS syndrome. Int J Dermatol 2001;40:403–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  252. Kishimoto S, Takenaka H, Shibagaki R, Noda Y, Yamamoto M, Yasuno H. Glomeruloid hemangioma in POEMS syndrome shows two different immunophenotypic endothelial cells. J Cutan Pathol 2000;27:87–92.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  253. LeBoit PE, Salomon AR, Santa Cruz DJ, Wick MR. Angiomatosis with luminal cryoprotein deposition. J Am Acad Dermatol 1992;27:969–73.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  254. Porras-Luque JI, Fernandez-Herrera J, Dauden E, Fraga J, Fernández-Villalta MJ, García-Díez A. Cutaneous necrosis by cold agglutinins associated with glomeruloid reactive angioendotheliomatosis. Br J Dermatol 1998;139:1068–72.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  255. Salama SS, Jenkin P. Angiomatosis of skin with local intravascular immunoglobulin deposits, associated with monoclonal gammopathy. A potential cutaneous marker for B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia. A report of unusual case with immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence correlation and review of the literature. J Cutan Pathol 1999;26:206–12.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  256. Requena L, Kutzner H, Mentzel T. Acquired elastotic hemangioma. A clinico-pathologic variant of hemangioma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2002;47:371–376.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  257. Tsang WYW, Chan JKC. Kaposi-like infantile haemangioendothelioma: a distinctive vascular neoplasm of the retroperitoneum. Am J Surg Pathol 1991;15:982–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  258. Zukerberg LR, Nickoloff BJ, Weiss SW. Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma of infancy and childhood. An aggressive neoplasm associated with Kasabach-Merritt syndrome and lymphangiomatosis. Am J Surg Pathol 1993;17:321–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  259. Ekfors TO, Kujari M, Herva R. Kaposi-like infantile hemangioendothelioma. Am J Surg Pathol 1993;17:314–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  260. Neidt GW, Greco MA, Wierczorek R, Blanc WA, Knowles DM. Hemangioma with Kaposi’s sarcomalike features. Pediatr Pathol 1989;9:567–75.

    Google Scholar 

  261. Suster S. Epithelioid and spindle cell hemangio-endothelioma of the spleen: report of a distinctive splenic vascular neoplasm of childhood. Am J Surg Pathol 1992;16:785–92.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  262. Allen PW. Three new vascular tumors—tufted angioma, kaposiform infantile hemangioendothelioma, and proliferative cutaneous angiomatosis. Int J Surg Pathol 1994;2:63–72.

    Google Scholar 

  263. Fukunaga M, Ushigome S, Ishikawa E. Kaposiform haemangioendothelioma associated with Kasabach Merritt syndrome. Histopathology 1996;28:281–4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  264. McPartlin DW, Ghufoor K, Patel SK, Jayaraj S. A rare case of cutaneous kaposiform haemangioendothelioma. Int J Clin Pract 1999;53:562–3.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  265. Gianotti R, Gelmetti C, Alessi E. Congenital cutaneous multifocal kaposiform hemangioendothelioma. Am J Dermatopathol 1999;21:557–61.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  266. Zamecnik M, Koys F, Mikleova Z, Michal M. Additional case of kaposiform hemangioendothelioma in an adult. Cesk Patol 2001;37:128–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  267. Lalaji TA, Haller JO, Burgess RJ. A case of head and neck kaposiform hemangioendothelioma simulating a malignancy on imaging. Pediatr Radio! 2001;31:876–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  268. Enjolras O, Wassef M, Mazoyer E, et al. Infant with Kasabach Merritt syndrome do not have “true” hemangiomas. J Pediatr 1997;130:631–40.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  269. Deb G, Jenker A, Del Sio L, et al. Spindle cell (kaposiform) hemangioendothelioma with Kasabach Merritt syndrome in an infant: successful treatment with alpha2-a interferon. Med Pediatr Oncol 1997;28:358–61.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  270. Sarkar M, Mulliken JB, Kozakewich HP, Robertson RL, Burrows PE. Thrombocytopenic coagulopathy (Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon) is associated with kaposiform hemangioendothelioma and not with common infantile hemangioma. Plast Reconstr Surg 1997;100:1377–86.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  271. Vin-Christian K, McCalmont TH, Frieden IJ. Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma. An aggressive, locally invasive vascular tumor that can mimic hemangioma of infancy. Arch Dermatol 1997;133:1573–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  272. Blei F, Karp N, Rofsky N, Rosen R, Greco MA. Successful multimodal therapy for kaposiform hemangioendothelioma complicated by Kasabach Merritt phenomenon: case report and review of the literature. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 1998;15:295–305.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  273. Arnaout MK, Pappo AS. Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma with associated Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon. The Hemophilia Growth and Development Study. J Pediatr 1998:133:788.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  274. Hu B, Lachman R, Phillips J, Peng SK, Sieger L. Kasabach-Merritt syndrome-associated kaposiform hemangioendothelioma successfully treated with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and actinomycin D. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 1998;20:567–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  275. Enjolras O, Mulliken JB, Wassef M, et al. Residual lesions after Kasabach Merritt phenomenon in 41 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000;42:225–35.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  276. Alvarez-Mendoza A, Lourdes TS, Ridaura-Sanz C, Ruiz-Maldonado R. Histopathology of vascular lesions found in Kasabach-Merritt syndrome: review based on 13 cases. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2000;3:556–60.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  277. Mentzel T, Mazzoleni G, Dei Tos AP, Fletcher CD. Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma in adults. Clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis of three cases. Am J Clin Pathol 1997:108:450–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  278. Chu P, LeBoit PE. An eruptive vascular proliferation resembling acquired tufted angioma in the recipient of a liver transplant. J Am Acad Dermatol 1992:26:322–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  279. Zamecnik M, Mikleova Z, Michal M. Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma in adult. Report of a case with amianthoid-like fibrosis and angiectases. Cesk Patol 2000;36:163–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  280. North PE, Waner M, Mizeracki A, Mihm MC Jr. GLUT1: a newly discovered immunohistochemical marker for juvenile hemangiomas. Hum Pathol 2000;31:11–22.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  281. Folpe AL, Veikkola T, Valtola R, Weiss SW. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3): a marker of vascular tumors with presumed lymphatic differentiation, including Kaposi’s sarcoma, kaposiform and Dabskatype hemangioendothelioma, and a subset of angiosarcomas. Mod Pathol 2000;13:180–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  282. Mac-Moune Lai F, To KF, Choi PC, Leung PC, et al. Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma: five patients with cutaneous lesion and long follow-up. Mod Pathol 2001;14:1087–92.

    Google Scholar 

  283. Beaubien ER, Ball NJ, Storwick GS. Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma: a locally aggressive vascular tumor. J Am Acad Dermatol 1998;38:799–802.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  284. Calonje E, Fletcher CDM. Sinusoidal hemangioma. A distinctive benign vascular neoplasm within the group of cavernous hemangiomas. Am J Surg Pathol 1991;15:1130–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  285. Enjolras O, Wassef M, Brocheriou-Spelle I, Josset P, Tran Ba Huy P, Merland JJ. Hémangiome sinusoidal. Ann Dermatol Venereol 1998;125:575–80.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  286. Nakamura M, Miyachi Y. Calcifying sinusoidal haemangioma on the back. Br J Dermatol 1999; 141:377–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  287. Gonzalezcrussi F, Chou P, Crawford SE. Congenital, infiltrating giant cell angioblastoma. A new entity? Am J Surg Pathol 1991;15:175–83.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  288. Vargas SO, Perez-Atayde AR, González-Crussi F, Kozakewich HP. Giant cell angioblastoma. Three additional occurrences of a distint pathologic entity. Am J Surg Pathol 2001;25:185–96.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  289. Weiss SW, Enzinger FM. Spindle cell hemangioendothelioma: a low grade angiosarcoma resembling cavernous hemangioma and Kaposi’s sarcoma. Am J Surg Pathol 1986;10:521–30.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  290. Lessard M, Barnhill, RL. Spindle cell hemangioendothelioma. J Am Acad Dermatol 1988;18:393–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  291. Scott GA, Rosai J. Spindle cell hemangioendothelioma. Report of seven additional cases of a recently described neoplasm. Am J Dermatopathol 1988;10:281–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  292. Wu KK. Spindle cell hemangioendothelioma of the foot. J Foot Surg 1989;28:475–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  293. Zoltie N, Roberts PF. Spindle cell haemangioendothelioma in association with epithelioid haemangioendothelioma. Histopathology 1989;15:544–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  294. Rios Martín JJ, Gonzalez Campora R, Armas Padron JR, Moreno Jimenez JC, Camacho Martinez F. Hemangioendotelioma de células fusiformes. Actas Dermosifiliogr 1989:80:481–4.

    Google Scholar 

  295. Lawson JP, Scott G. Case report 602: spindle cell hemangioendothelioma (SCH) and enchondromatosis (a form of Maffuci syndrome) in a patient with acute myelocytic leukemia (AML). Skeletal Radiol 1990;19:158–62.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  296. Habeck JO. Das spindelzellhamangioendotheliom-ein niedrig malignes Angiosarkom. Pathologe 1990:11:94–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  297. Steinbach LS, Ominsky SH, Shpall S, Perkocha LA. MR imaging of spindle cell hemangioendothelioma. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1991;15:155–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  298. Terashi H, Itami S, Kurata S, Sonoda T, Takayasu S, Yokoyama S. Spindle cell hemangioendothelioma. Report of three cases. J Dermatol 1991;18:104–11.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  299. Fletcher CDM, Beham A, Schmid C. Spindle cell haemangioendothelioma: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study indicative of a non-neoplastic lesion. Histopathology 1991;18:291–301.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  300. Nikorowitsch R, Kindermann D. Zum Spindelzellhamangioendotheliom. Histomorphologische, immunohistochemische und DNA zytometrische Befunde. Pathologe 1991;12:327–30.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  301. Marcoval Caus J, Pagerols Bonilla X, Inniguez Navarro D, Sais Puigdemont G, Moreno Carazo A, Peyri Rey J. Hemangioendotelioma de células fusiformes. Estudio de dos casos y revision de la literatura. Actas Dermosifiliogr 1991;32:449–51.

    Google Scholar 

  302. Ding J, Hashimoto H, Imayama S, Tsuneyoshi M, Enjoji M. Spindle cell haemangioendothelioma: probably a benign vascular lesion not a low-grade angiosarcoma. A clinicopathological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat 1992;420:77–85.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  303. Imayama S, Murakamai Y, Hashimoto H, Hori Y. Spindle cell hemangioendothelioma exhibits the ultrastructural features of reactive vascular proliferation rather than of angiosarcoma. Am J Clin Pathol 1992;97:279–87.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  304. Ono CM, Mitsunaga MM, Lockett UJ. Intragluteal spindle cell hemangioendothelioma. An unusual presentation of a recently described vascular neoplasm. Clin Orthop 1992;281:224–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  305. Battocchio S, Facchetti F, Brisigotti M. Spindle cell hemangioendothelioma: further evidence against its proposed neoplastic nature. Histopathology 1993;22:296–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  306. Murakami J, Sarker AB, Teramoto N, Hore Y, Taguchi K, Akagi T. Spindle cell hemangioendothelioma: a report of two cases. Acta Pathol Jpn 1993;43:529–34.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  307. Eltorky M, McChesney T, Sebes J, Hall JC. Spindle cell hemangioendothelioma. Report of three cases and review of the literature. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1994;20:196–202.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  308. Azadeh B, Attallach MF, Ejeckam GC. Spindle cell hemangioendothelioma in association with epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. Cutis 1994;53:134–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  309. Pellegrini AE, Drake RD, Qualman SJ. Spindle cell hemangioendothelioma: a neoplasm associated with Maffuci’s syndrome. J Cutan Pathol 1995;22:173–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  310. Fukunaga M, Ushigome S, Nikaido T, Ishikawa E, Nakamori K. Spindle cell hemangioendothelioma: an immunohistochemical and flow cytometric study of six cases. Pathol Int 1995;45:589–95.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  311. Tosios K, Koutlas IG, Kapranos N, Papanicolau SI. Spindle-cell hemangioendothelioma of the oral cavity. A case report. J Oral Pathol Med 1995;24:379–82.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  312. Fanburg JC, Meis-Kindblom JM, Rosemberg AE. Multiple enchondromas associated with spindle-cell hemagioendotheliomas. An overlooked variant of Maffucci’s syndrome. Am J Surg Pathol 1995; 19:1029–38.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  313. Hisaoka M, Kouho H, Aoki T, Hashimoto H. DNA cytometric and immunohistochemical analysis of proliferative activity in spindle cell haemangioendothelioma. Histopathology 1995;27:451–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  314. Mahdavi Z, Grafe MR, Ostrup R, Kormanik P, Chamberlain MC. Spindle cell hemangioendothelioma of the sninal cord. T Neurooncol 1996;27:231–4.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  315. Patel SspV, Bass FD, Niemi WJ, Pressman MM. Spindle cell hemangioendothelioma: a case presentation and literature review of a rare lower extremity tumor. J Foot Ankle Sur g 1996;35:309–11.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  316. Perkins P, Weiss SW. Spindle cell hemangioendothelioma. An analysis of 78 cases with reassessment of its pathogenesis and biologic behavior. Am J Surg Pathol 1996;20:1196–204.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  317. Hisaoka M, Aoki T, Kouho H, Chosa H, Hashimoto H. Maffucci’s syndrome associated with spindle cell hemagioendothelioma. Skeletal Radiol 1997;26:191–4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  318. Hisaoka M, Hashimoto H, Iwamasa T. Diagnostic implication of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus with special reference to the distinction between spindle cell hemangioendothelioma and Kaposi’s sarcoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1998;122:72–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  319. Yannez S, Val-Bernal JF, Mira C, Echevarria MA, González-Vela MC, Arce F. Spindle cell hemangioendothelioma associated with multiple skeletal enchondromas: a variant of Maffucci’s syndrome. Gen Diagn Pathol 1998;143:331–5.

    Google Scholar 

  320. Gradner TL, Elston DM. Multiple lower extremity and penile spindle cell hemangioendotheliomas. Cutis 1998;62:23–6.

    Google Scholar 

  321. Bodemer C, Fraitag S, Amoric JC, Benaceur S, Brunelle F, De Prost Y. Hémangioendotheliome à cellules fusiformes dans une varieté monomelique et multinodulaire chez l’ enfant. Ann Dermatol Venereol 1997;124:857–60.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  322. Enjolras O, Wassef M, Merland JJ. Syndrome de Maffucci: une fausse malformation veineusse? Un cas avec hémangioendothelioma à cellules fusiformes. Ann Dermatol Venereol 1998;125:512–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  323. Keel SB, Rosemberg AE. Hemorrhagic epithelioid and spindle cell hemangioma: a newly recognized, unique vascular tumor of bone. Cancer 1999;85:1966–72.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  324. Isayama T, Iwasaki H, Ogata K, Naito M. Intramuscular spindle cell hemangioendothelioma. Skeletal Radiol 1999;28:477–80.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  325. Tomasini C, Aloi F, Soro E, Elia V. Spindle cell hemangioma. Dermatology 1999;199:274–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  326. Setoyama M, Shimada H, Miyazono N, Baba Y, Kanzaki T. Spindle cell hemangioendothelioma: succesful treatment with recombinant interleukin-2. Br J Dermatol 2000;142:1238–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  327. Weiss SW, Goldblum JR. Enzinger and Weiss’s Soft Tissue Tumors, 4th ed., St. Louis, Mosby, 2001;853–6.

    Google Scholar 

  328. Mentzel T, Kutzner H. Hemangioendotheliomas: heterogeneous vascular neoplasms. Dermatopathol Pract Concep 1999:5:102–9.

    Google Scholar 

  329. Reqquena L, Ackerman AB. Hemangioendothelioma? Dermatopathol Pract Concep 1999;5:110–2.

    Google Scholar 

  330. Fletcher CDM. The non-neoplastic nature of spindle cell hemangioendothelioma. Am J Clin Pathol 1992;98:545–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  331. Wilson Jones E, Winkelmann RK, Zachary CB, Reda AM. Benign lymphangioendothelioma. J Am Acad Dermatol 1990;23:229–35.

    Google Scholar 

  332. Wilson Jones E. Malignant vascular tumours. Clin Exp Dermatol 1976;1:287–312.

    Google Scholar 

  333. Watanabe M, Kishiyama K, Ohkawara A. Acquired progressive lymphangioma. J Am Acad Dermatol 1983;8:663–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  334. Tadaki T, Aiba S, Masu S, Tagami H. Acquired progressive lymphangioma as a flat erythematous patch on the abdominal wall of a child. Arch Dermatol 1988;124:699–701.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  335. Zhu WY, Penneys NS, Reyes B, Khatib Z, Schachner L. Acquired progressive lymphangioma. J Am Acad Dermatol 1991;24:813–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  336. Chemaly PH, Cricks B, Besseige H, Grossin M, Belaich S. Lymphangio-endotheliome bemn. Ann Dermatol Venereol 1992;119:912–3.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  337. Mehregan DR, Mehregan AH, Mehregan DA. Benign lymphangioendothelioma: report of 2 cases. J Cutan Pathol 1992;19:502–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  338. Herron GS, Rouse RV, Kosek JC, Smoller BR, Egbert BM. Benign lymphangioendothelioma. J Am Acad Dermatol 1994;31:362–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  339. Meunier L, Barneon G, Meynadier J. Acquired progressive lymphangioma. Br J Dermatol 1994; 131:706–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  340. Soohoo L, Mercurio MG, Brody R, Zaim MT. An acquired vascular lesion in a child. Acquired progressive lymphangioma. Arch Dermatol 1995;131:341–2.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  341. Rosso R, Gianelli U, Carnevali L. Acquired progressive lymphangioma of the skin following radiotherapy for breast carcinoma. J Cutan Pathol 1995;22:164–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  342. Querol I, Cordoba A, Cisneros MT, Viguri A, Urbiola E. Kinfangioendotelioma benigno. Med Cut Iber Lat Am 1995;23:243–7.

    Google Scholar 

  343. Kato H, Kadoya A. Acquired progressive lymphangioma occurring following femoral arteriography. Clin Ex p Dermatol 1996;21:159–62.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  344. Grunwald MH, Amichi B, Avinoach I. Acquired progressive lymphangioma. J Am Acad Dermatol 1997;37:656–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  345. Wilmer A, Kaatz M, Mentzel T, Wollina U. Lymphangioendothelioma after a tick bite. J Am Acad Dermatol 1998;39:126–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  346. Bencini PL, Sala F, Valeriani D, et al. Self-healing pseudoangiosarcoma. Unusual vascular proliferation resembling a vascular malignancy of the skin. Arch Dermatol 1988;124:692–4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  347. Sevila A, Botella Estrada R, Sanmartín O, et al. Benign lymphangioendothelioma of the thigh simulating a low-grade angiosarcoma. Am J Dermatopathol 2000;22:151–4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  348. Guillou L, Fletcher CD. Benign lymphangioendothelioma (acquired progressive lymphangioma), a lesion not to be confused with well-differentiated angiosarcoma and patch stage Kaposi’s sarcoma. Clinicopathologic analysis of a series. Am J Surg Pathol 2000;24:1047–57.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  349. Yiannias JA, Winkelmann RK. Benign lymphangioendothelioma manifested clinically as actinic keratosis. Cutis 2001;67:29–30.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  350. Sanchez JL, Ackerman AB. Vascular proliferations of the skin and subcutaneous fat. In: Fitzpatrick TB, Eisen AZ, Wolff K, Freedberg IM, Austen KF, eds. Dermatology in General Medicine, 4th ed., New York, McGraw-Hill, 1993;1209–43.

    Google Scholar 

  351. Ambrojo P, Fernández-Cogolludo E, Aguilar A, et al. Cutaneous lymphangiectases after therapy for carcinoma of the cervix: a case with unusual clinical and histological features. Clin Exp Dermatol 1990:15:57–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  352. Díaz-Cascajo C, Borghi S, Weyers W, Retzlaff H, Requena L, Metze D. Benign lymphangiomatous papules of the skin following radiotherapy. A report of five new cases and review of the literature. Histopathology 1999;35:319–27.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  353. Fisher I, Orkin M. Acquired lymphangioma (lymphangiectasis). Arch Dermatol 1970;101:230–4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  354. Gianelli V, Rockley PF. Acquired lymphangiectases following mastectomy and radiation therapy. Report of a case and review of the literature. Cutis 1996;58:276–8.

    Google Scholar 

  355. Handfield-Jones SE, Prendville WJ, Norman S. Vulval lymphangiectasia. Genitourin Med 1989; 65:335–7.

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  356. Harwood CA, Mortimer PS. Acquired vulvar lymphangiomata mimicking genital warts. Br J Dermatol 1993;129:334–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  357. Kennedy CTC. Lymphangiectasia of the vulva following hysterectomy and radiotherapy. Br J Dermatol 1990;123 (suppl. 37):92–3.

    Google Scholar 

  358. Kurwa A, Waddinton E. Post mastectomy lymphangiomatosis. Br J Dermatol 1968;80:840.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  359. LaPolla J, Foucar E, Leshin B et al. Vulvar lymphangioma circumscriptum: a rare complication of therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. Gynecol Oncol 1985;22:363–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  360. Leshin B, Whitaker D, Foucar E. Lymphangioma circumscriptum following mastectomy and radiation therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 1986;15:1117–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  361. Plotnick H, Richfield D. Tuberous lymphangiectatic varices secondary to radical mastectomy. Arch Dermatol Syphilol 1956;74:466–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  362. Prioleau PG, Santa Cruz DJ. Lymphangioma circumscriptum following radical mastectomy and radiation therapy. Cancer 1978;42:1989–91.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  363. Young AW Jr, Wind RM, Tovell HM. Lymphangioma of vulva: acquired following treatment for cervical cancer. NY State J Med 1980;80:987–9.

    Google Scholar 

  364. Finenberg S, Rosen PP. Cutaneous angiosarcoma and atypical vascular lesions of the skin and breast after radiation therapy for breast carcinoma. Am J Clin Pathol 1994;102:757–63.

    Google Scholar 

  365. Rosso R, Gianelli U, Carnevali L. Acquired progressive lymphangioma of the skin following radiotherapy for breast carcinoma. J Cutan Pathol 1995;22:164–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  366. Requena L, Kutzner H, Mentzel T, Durán R, Rodríguez-Peralto JL. Benign vascular proliferations in irradiated skin. Am J Surg Pathol 2002;26:328–37.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  367. Requena L, Sangueza OP. Cutaneous vascular anomalies. Part I. Hamartomas, malformations, and dilatation of preexisting vessels. J Am Acad Dermatol 1997;37:523–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  368. Ziv R, Schewach-Millet M, Trau H. Lymphangiectasia: a complication of thoracotomy for bronchial carcinoid. Int J Dermatol 1988;27:123.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  369. Cecchi R, Bartoli L, Brunetti L, Pavesi M, Giomi A. Lymphangioma circumscriptum of the vulva of late onset. Acta Derm Venereol 1995;75:79–93.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  370. Masson P. Le glomus neuromyo-arteriel des régions tactil et ses tumeurs. Lyon Chir 1924:21:257–80.

    Google Scholar 

  371. Tsuneyoshi M, Enjoji M. Glomus tumor: a clinicopathologic and electron microscopic study. Cancer 1982;50:1601–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  372. Kobayashi Y, Kawaguchi T, Imoto K, et al. Intraosseous glomus tumor in the sacrum: a case report. Acta Pathol Jpn 1990;40:856–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  373. Kanwar YS, Manaligod JR. Glomus tumor of the stomach: an ultrastructural study. Arch Pathol 1975;99:392–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  374. Barua R. Glomus tumor of the colon: first reported case. Dis Colon Rectum 1988;31:138–40.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  375. Kim YI, Kim JH, Suh JS, et al. Glomus tumor of the trachea: report of a case with ultrastructural observations. Cancer 1989;64:881–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  376. Brindley GV. Glomus tumor of the mediastinum. J Thorac Surg 1949;18:417–20.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  377. Calonje E, Fletcher CDM. Cutaneous intraneural glomus tumor. Am J Dermatopathol 1995;17:395–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  378. Pepper MC, Laubenheiner R, Cripps DJ. Multiple glomus tumors. J Cutan Pathol 1977;4:244–57.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  379. Stout AP. Tumors of the neuromyoarterial glomus. Am J Cancer 1935;24:255–72.

    Google Scholar 

  380. Shugart RR, Soule EH, Johnson EW Jr. Glomus tumor. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1963;117:334–40.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  381. Kishimoto S, Nagatani H, Miyashita A, Kobayashi K. Immunohistochemical demonstration of substance P-containing nerve fibers in glomus tumors. Br J Dermatol 1985;113:213–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  382. Laymon CW, Paterson WC. Glomangioma (glomus tumor): a clinico-pathologic study with special reference to multiple lesions appearing during pregnancy. Arch Dermatol 1965;92:509–13.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  383. Landthaler M, Braun-Falco O, Ecklert F, Stolz W, Dorn M. Wolf HH. Congenital multiple plaque-like glomus tumor. Arch Dermatol 1990:126:1203–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  384. Gorlin RJ, Fusaro RM, Benton JW. Multiple glomus tumor of pseudocavernous hemangioma type. Report of a case manifesting a dominant inheritance pattern. Arch Dermatol 1960;82:776–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  385. Yoon T-Y, Lee H-T, Chang S-H. Giant congenital multiple patch-like glomus tumors. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999;40:826–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  386. Yang J-S, Ko J-W, Suh K-S, Kim S-T. Congenital multiple plaque-like glomangiomyoma. Am J Dermatopathol 1999;21:454–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  387. Carvalho VO, Taniguchi K, Giraldi S, et al. Congenital plaquelike glomus tumor in a child. Pediatr Dermatol 2001;18:223–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  388. Hatchome N, Kado T, Tagami H. Numerous papular glomus tumors localized on the abdomen. Acta Derm Venerol (Stockh) 1986;66:161–4.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  389. Rycroft RJG, Menter MA, Sharvill DE, et al. Hereditary multiple glomus tumors. Trans St John’s Hosp Derm Soc 1975;61:70–81.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  390. Conant M, Wiesenfeld S. Multiple glomus tumors of the skin. Arch Dermatol 1971;103:481–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  391. Goodman TF, Abele DC. Multiple glomus tumors. Arch Dermatol 1971;103:11–23.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  392. Taafe A, Barker D, Wyat EH, Bury HPR. Glomus tumors: a clinicopathological survey. Clin Exp Dermatol 1980;5:219–25.

    Google Scholar 

  393. Requena L, Requena C, Sanchez M, et al. Glomangiomas multiples hereditarios. Actas Dermosifiliogr 1987;78:245–7.

    Google Scholar 

  394. Blume-Peytavi U, Adler YL, Geilen CC, et al. Multiple familial cutaneous glomangioma: a pedigree of 4 generations and critical analysis of histologic and genomic differences of glomus tumors. J Am Acad Deermatol 2000:42:633–9.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  395. Boon LM, Brouillard P, Irrthum A, et al. A gene for inherited cutaneous venous anomalies (“glomangiomas”) localized to chromosome 1p21–22. Am J Hum Genet 1999;65:125–33.

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  396. Mukhtar JAK, Pfeger L. Angiomatosis cutis disseminata (Beziehungenzum Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus). Hautarzt 1964;15:230–5.

    Google Scholar 

  397. McEvoy BF, Waldman PM, Tye MJ. Multiple hamartomatous glomus tumors of the skin. Arch Dermatol 1971;104:188–91.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  398. Requena L, Galvan C, Sanchez Yus E, Sangueza O, Kutzner H, Furio V. Solitary plaque-like telangiectatic glomangioma. Br J Dermatol 1998;139:902–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  399. Mounayer C, Wassef M, Enjolras O, Boukobza M, Mulliken J. Facial “glomangiomas”: large facial venous malformations with glomus cells. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;45:239–45.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  400. Murad TM, von Haam E, Murthy MSN. Ultrastructure of a hemangiopericytoma and a glomus tumor. Cancer 1968;22:1239–49.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  401. Enzinger FM, Weiss SW. Soft Tissue Tumors. 3rd ed., St. Louis, Mosby, 1995:701–83.

    Google Scholar 

  402. Slater DN, Cotton DWK, Azzopardi JG. Oncocytic glomus tumour: a new variant. Histopathology 1987;11:523–31.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  403. Shin DLH, Park SS, Lee JH, et al. Oncocytic glomus tumor of the trachea. Chest 1990;98:1021–3.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  404. Beham A, Fletcher CDM. Intravenous glomus tumor: a previously undescribed phenomenon. Virchows Arch Pathol Anat 1991;418:175–7.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  405. Googe PB, Griffin WC. Intravenous glomus tumor of the forearm. J Cutan Pathol 1993;20:359–63.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  406. Kline SC, Russell Moore J, de Mente SH. Glomus tumor originating within a digital nerve. J Hand Surg 1990;15A:98–101.

    Google Scholar 

  407. Pulitzer DR, Martin PC, Reed RJ. Epithelioid glomus tumor. Hum Pathol 1995; 26:1022–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  408. Gould EW, Manivel JC, Albores-Saavedra J, Monforte H. Locally infiltrative glomus tumors and glomangiosarcomas: a clinical ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study. Cancer 1990;65:310–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  409. Skelton HG, Smith KJ. Infiltrative glomus tumor arising from a benign glomus tumor: a distinctive immunohistochemical pattern in the infiltrative component. Am J Dermatopathol 1999;21:562–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  410. Tarnowski WM, Hashimato K. Multiple glomus tumors: an ultrastructural study. J Invest Dermatol 1969:52:474–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  411. Venkatachalam MA, Greally JG. Fine structure of glomus tumor: similarity of glomus cells to smooth muscle. Cancer 1969;23:1176–84.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  412. Goodman TF. Fine structure of the cells of the Sucquet-Hoyer canal. J Invest Dermatol 1972;59:363–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  413. Luders G, Schlote W, Reinhard M. Zur Ultrastruktur von Glomustumorem und Glomusorganen. Arch Klin Exp Dermatol 1970;238:398–416.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  414. Toker C. Glomangioma: an ultrastructural study. Cancer 1969;23:487–92.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  415. Murata Y, Tsuji M, Tani M. Ultrastructure of multiple glomus tumor. J Cutan Pathol 1984;11:53–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  416. Harris M. Ultrastructure of a glomus tumor. J Clin Pathol 1971;24:520–3.

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  417. Miettinem M, Lehto V-P, Virtanen I. Glomus tumor cells evaluation of smooth muscle and endothelial cell properties. Virchows Arch (B) 1983;43:139–49.

    Google Scholar 

  418. Hague S, Modlin IM, West AB. Multiple glomus tumors of the stomach with intravascular spread. Am J Surg Pathol 1992;16:291–9.

    Google Scholar 

  419. Haupt HM, Stern JB, Berlin SJ. Immunohistochemistry in the differential diagnosis of nodular hidradenoma and glomus tumor. Am J Dermatopathol 1992;14:310–4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  420. Nuovo MA, Grimes MM, Knowless DM. Glomus tumors: clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis of forty cases. Surg Pathol 1990;3:31–40.

    Google Scholar 

  421. Porter PG, Bigler SA, McNutt NS, et al. The immunophenotype of hemangiopericytoma and glomus tumors with special reference to muscle protein expression: an immunohistochemical study and review of the literature. Mod Pathol 1991;4:46–52.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  422. Schurch W, Skalli O, Lagace R, et al. Intermediate filament proteins and actin isoforms as markers for soft tissue tumor differentiation and origin. III. Hemangiopericytomas and glomus tumors. Am J Pathol 1990:136:771—R6

    Google Scholar 

  423. Kaye VM, Dehner LP. Cutaneous glomus tumor: a comparative immunohistochemical study with pseudoangiomatous intradermal melanocvtic nevi. Am J Dermato Dathol 1991:13:2–6.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  424. Dervan PA, Tobbia IN, Casey M, et al. Glomus tumours: an immunohistochemical profile of 11 cases. Histopathology 1989:14:483–91.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  425. Brooks IJ, Miettinen M, Virtanen J. Desmin immunoreactivity in glomus tumors. Am J Clin Pathol 1987;87:292.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  426. Nishimoto K, Nishimoto M, Yamamoto S, Nakagawa T, Takaiwa T, Tanabe M. Multiple glomus tumours: successful treatment with electron beam irradiation. Br J Dermatol 1990:123:657–61.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  427. Goldman L. Laser treatment of multiple progressive glomangiomas. Arch Dermatol 1978;114:1853–4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  428. Goldman L. Laser treatment of multiple glomangiomas: progress report of 13 yr after treatment. Arch Dermatol 1981;117:451–2.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  429. Barnes L, Estes SA. Laser treatment of hereditary multiple glomus tumors. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1986;12:912–5.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  430. Sharma JK, Miller R. Treatment of multiple glomangioma with tuneable dye laser. J Cutan Med Surg 1999;3:167–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  431. Brathwaite CD, Poppiti RJ. Malignant glomus tumor: a case report of widespread metastases in a patient with multiple glomus body hamartomas. Am J Surg Pathol 1996;20:233–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  432. Stout AP, Murray MR. Hemangiopericytoma: a vascular tumor featuring Zimmerman’s pericytes. Ann Surg 1942;116:26–33.

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  433. Nappi O, Ritter JH, Pettinato G, Wick MR. Hemangiopericytoma: histopathological pattern or climcopathological entity. Semin Diagn Pathol 1995; 12:221–32.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  434. Cole HT Jr, Reagan JW, Lund HZ. Hemangiopericytoma. Arch Dermatol 1955;72:328–34.

    Google Scholar 

  435. Sims CF, Kirsch N, MacDonald RG. Hemangiopericytoma. Arch Dermatol Syph 1948;58:194–205.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  436. Bianchi O, Abulafia J, Mirande L. Hémangiopericytoma cutané. Ann Dermatol Syph 1968;95:269–84.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  437. Reich H. Das Hamangiopericytom. Hautarzt 1973;24:275–85.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  438. Schneider W, Undeutsch W. Seltene Blutgefassgeschwulste der Haut. Hautarzt 1967;18:437–45.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  439. Saunders TS, Fitzpatrick TB. Multiple hemangiopericytomas: their distinction from glomangiomas (glomus tumor). Arch Dermatol 1957;76:731–4.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  440. Kuhn C III, Rosai J. Tumors arising from pericytes: ultrastructure and organ culture of a case. Arch Pathol 1969;88:653–63.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  441. Enzinger FM, Smith BH. Hemangiopericytoma: an analysis of 106 cases. Hum Pathol 1976;7:61–82.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  442. McMaster MJ, Soule EH, Ivins JC. Hemangiopericytoma: a clinicopathologic study and long-term follow-up of 60 patients. Cancer 1976;36:2232–44.

    Google Scholar 

  443. Argenvall L, Kindblom L-G, Nielsen JM, et al. Hemangiopericytoma: a clinicopathologic, angiographic and microangiographic study. Cancer 1978;42:2412–27.

    Google Scholar 

  444. Kauffman SL, Stout AP. Hemangiopericytoma in children. Cancer 1960;13:695–710.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  445. Hayes MM, Dietrich BE, Uys CJ. Congenital hemangiopericytomas of skin. Am J Dermatopathol 1986;8:148–53.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  446. Altmeyer P, Nodl F. Das Hamangioperizytom des Sanglings. Hautarzt 1976;27:272–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  447. Mentzel T, Calonje E, Nascimiento AG, Fletcher CDM. Infantile hemangiopericytoma versus infantile myofibromatosis: study of a series suggesting a continuous spectrum of infantile myofibroblastic lesions. Am J Sure Pathol 1994;18:922–30.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  448. Nemes Z. Differentiation markers in hemangiopericytoma. Cancer 1992;69:133–40.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  449. Aziza J, Mazerolles C, Selves J, et al. Comparison of the reactivities of monoclonal antibodies QBEND10 (CD34) and BNH9 in vascular tumors. Appl Immunohistochem 1993;1:51–60.

    Google Scholar 

  450. Traweek ST, Kandalaft PL, Mehta P, et al. The human hematopoietic progenitor cell antigen (CD34) in vascular neoplasia. Am J Clin Pathol 1991;96:25–31.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  451. D’Amore E, Manivel JC, Sung JH. Soft tissue and meningeal hemangiopericytomas: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. Hum Pathol 1990;21:414–23.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  452. Porter PG, Bigler SA, McNutt NS, et al. The immunophenotype of hemangiopericytoma and glomus tumors with special reference to muscle protein expression: an immunohistochemical study and review of the literature. Mod Pathol 1991;4:46–52.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  453. Schurch W, Skalli O, Lagace R, et al. Intermediate filament proteins and actin isoforms as markers for soft tissue tumor differentiation and origin. III. Hemangiopericytomas and glomus tumors. Am J Pathol 1990;136:771–86.

    PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  454. Miettinen M, Holthofer H, Lehto VP, et al. Ulex europaeus I lectin as a marker for tumors derived from endothelial cells. Am J Clin Pathol 1983;79:32–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  455. Murad TM, von Haam E, Murthy MSN. Ultrastructure of a hemangiopericytoma and a glomus tumor. Cancer 1968;22:1239–49.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  456. Battifora H. Hemangiopericytoma: ultrastructural study of five cases. Cancer 1973:31:1418–32.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  457. Nunnery EW, Kahn LB, Reddick RL, et al. Hemangiopericytoma: alight microscopic and ultrastructural study. Cancer 1981;47:906–13.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  458. Hahn MJ, Dawson R, Esterly JA, et al. Hemangiopericytoma: an ultrastructural study. Cancer 1973;31:255–61.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  459. Dardick I, Hammar SP, Scheithauer BW. Ultrastructural spectrum of hemangiopericytoma: a comparative study of fetal, adult and neoplastic pericytes. Ultrastruct Pathol 1989;13:111–34.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  460. Ramsey HJ. Fine structures of hemangiopericytoma and hemangioendothelioma. Cancer 1966; 19:2005–18.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  461. O’Brien P, Basfiled RD. Hemangiopericytoma. Cancer 1965;18:249–52.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  462. Chung EB, Enzinger FM. Infantile myofibromatosis. Cancer 1981;48:1807–18.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  463. Daimaru Y, Hashimoto H, Enjoji M. Myofibromatosis in adults (adult counterpart of infantile myofibromatosis). Am J Surg Pathol 1989;13:859–65.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  464. Smith KJ, Skelton HG, Barrett TL, Lupton GP, Graham JH. Cutaneous myofibroma. Mod Pathol 1989;2:603–9.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  465. Beham A, Badve S, Suster S, Fletcher CDM. Solitary myofibroma in adults. Clinicopathologic analysis of a series. Histopathology 1993;22:335–41.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  466. Kutzner H, Hügel H, Rüütten A, Braun M. Erworbenes gutartiges Myofibrom der Haut (Adultes Mvofibrom). Hautarzt 1993:44:561–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  467. Wolfe JT, Cooper PH. Solitary cutaneous “infantile” myofibroma in a 49-year-old woman. Hum Pathol 1990;21:562–4.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  468. Sahin AA, Ro JY, Ordonnez NG, et al. Myofibroblastoma of the tongue. An immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and flow cytometric study. Am J Clin Pathol 1990;94:773–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  469. Hogan SF, Salassa JR. Recurrent adult myofibromatosis. A case report. Am J Clin Pathol 1992; 97:810–4.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  470. Lundgren L, Kindblom LG, Meis-Kindblom JM. Adult myofibromatosis: reactive or neoplastic? [Abstract]. Mod Pathol 1995;8:8A.

    Google Scholar 

  471. Kutzner H, Braun M, Embacher G, Schröder J. Infantile Myofibromatose in der Adoleszenz. Z Hautkr 1991:66:327–35.

    Google Scholar 

  472. Kutzner H, Requena L, Hügel H, Mütten A. Adult myofibroma: an acquired neoplasm of vascular character. Dermatopathol Pract Concep 1996;2:191–6.

    Google Scholar 

  473. Requena L, Kutzner H, Hugel H, Rutten A, Furio V. Cutaneous adult myofibroma: a vascular neoplasm. J Cutan Pathol 1996:23:445–57.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  474. Guitart J, Ritter JH, Wick MR. Solitary cutaneous myofibromas in adults: report of six cases and discussion of differential diagnosis. J Cutan Pathol 1996;23:437–44.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  475. Rahimi S, Santoni M, Muda AO. Adult solitary cutaneous myofibroma: a case report. Gen Diagn Pathol 1996:142:109–11.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  476. Val-Bernal JF, Garijo MF. Solitary cutaneous myofibroma of the glans penis. Am J Dermatopathol 1996;18:317–21.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  477. Dardick I, Hammar SP, Scheithauer BW. Ultrastructural spectnum of hemangiopericytoma. A comparative study of fetal, adult, and neoplastic pericytes. Ultrastruct Pathol 1989;13:111–54.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  478. Nemes Z. Differentiation markers in hemangiopericytoma. Cancer 1992;69:133–40.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  479. Movat HZ, Fernando VP. The fine structure of the terminal vascular bed. IV. Venules and their perivascular cell (pericytes, adventitial cells). Exp Mol Pathol 1964;3:98–114.

    Google Scholar 

  480. Nunnery EW, Kahn LB, Reddick RL, Lipper S. Hemangiopericytoma: a light microscopic and ultrastructural study. Cancer 1981;47:906–14.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  481. Brooke ALT, Huffer WE, Belchis DA. A vascular lesion with smooth muscle differentiation presenting as a coin lesion in the lung: glomus tumor versus hemangiopericytoma. Am J Clin Pathol 1983; 80:765–71.

    Google Scholar 

  482. Dictor M, Elner A, Anderson T, Ferno M. Myofibromatosis-like hemangiopericytoma metastasizing as differentiated vascular smooth muscle myosarcoma. Myopericytes as a subset of “myofibroblasts”. Am J Surg Pathol 1992:16:1239–47.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  483. Granter SR, Badizadegan K, Fletcher CDM. Myofibromatosis in adults, glomangiopericytoma, and myopericytoma. A spectrum of tumors showing perivascular myoid differentiation. Am J Surg Pathol 1998;22:513–25.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  484. Kutzner H. Perivaskülare Myome: ein neues Konzept “myofibroblastärer” Tumoren mit perivaskulärer myoider Differenzierung. Verh Dtsch Ges Path 1998;82:301–8.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Pathology and Dermatology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA

    Omar P. Sangüeza MD

  2. Department of Dermatology Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autonoma, Madrid, Spain

    Luis Requena MD

Authors
  1. Omar P. Sangüeza MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Luis Requena MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2003 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Sangüeza, O.P., Requena, L. (2003). Benign Neoplasms. In: Pathology of Vascular Skin Lesions. Current Clinical Pathology. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-360-6_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-360-6_8

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-61737-407-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-360-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation