Skip to main content
  • 196 Accesses

Abstract

In recent years, the symptom of akinesia in parkinsonism has provided a valuable window into the physiological substrate of voluntary movement in man, particularly the role of the basal ganglia and the influence of dopamine. In a similar way, the study of individual nonmotor symptoms in parkinsonism can provide insights into the subsystems underlying discrete aspects of human cognition, emotion, and motivation. Even more importantly perhaps, their study in parkinsonism encourages us to examine the ways in which such diverse functions are integrated and influence broader categories of action and behavior (see Chapter 8 in the volume). In doing so, we are led to question whether the term “movement disorder” is the most appropriate term to apply to diseases such as parkinsonism.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Brentano, F. (1973) Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint (1874), (Edited byKraus, O. and translated from the German by Rancrello, A.C., Terrel, D.B., and McAlister, L.L.), Routledge and Kegan Paul, London.

    Google Scholar 

  2. James, W. (1890) The Principles of Psychology, Holt, New York.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  3. Jahanshahi, M. and Frith, C.D. (1998) Willed action and its impairments. Cognit. Neuropsychol. 15, 483–533.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Naville, D. (1922) Étude sur les complications et les séquelles mentale de l’encéphalite épidémique. La bradyphrénie. Encéphale 17, 369–436.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Cummings, J.L. and Benson, D.F. (1984) Subcortical dementia. Review of an emerging concept. Arch. Neurol. 41, 874–879.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Smith, M.C., Goldman, W.P., Janer, K.W., Baty, J.D., and Morris, J.C. (1998) Cognitive speed in nondemented Parkinson’s disease. J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc. 4, 584–592.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Russ, M.O. and Seger, L. (1995) The effect of task complexity on reaction times in memory scanning and visual discrimination in Parkinson’s disease. Neuropsychologia 33, 561–575.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Howard, L.A., Binks, M.G., Moore, A.P., and Playfer, J.R. (1994) How convincing is the evidence for cognitive slowing in Parkinson’s disease? Cortex 30, 431–443.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Brown, R.G., Jahanshahi, M., and Marsden, C.D. (1993) Response choice in Parkinson’s disease. The effects of uncertainty and stimulus-response compatibility. Brain 116, 869–885.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Brown, R.G. and Marsden, C.D. (1986) Visuospatial function in Parkinson’s disease. Brain 109, 987–1002.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Gamsu, C.V. (1986) Confrontation naming in parkinsonian patients: post-operative anomia revisited. Neuropsychologia 24, 727–729.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Rafal, R.D., Inhoff, A.W., Friedman, J.H., and Bernstein, E. (1987) Programming and execution of sequential movements in Parkinson’s disease. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 50, 1267–1273.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Dubois, B., Pillon, B., Legault, F., Agid, Y., and Lhermitte, F. (1988) Slowing of cognitive processing in progressive supranuclear palsy. A comparison with Parkinson’s disease. Arch. Neurol. 45, 1194–1199.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Goodrich, S., Henderson, L., and Kennard, C. (1989) On the existence of an attention-demanding process peculiar to simple reaction time: converging evidence from Parkinson’s disease. Cognit. Neuropsychol. 6, 309–331.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Gauntlett-Gilbert, J. and Brown, V.J. (1998) Reaction time deficits and Parkinson’s disease. Neurosci. Biobehay. Rev. 22, 865–881.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Molinuevo, J.L., Valls-Sole, J., and Valldeoriola, F. (2000) The effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation on reaction time in progressive supranuclear palsy. Clin. Neurophysiol. 111, 2008–2013.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Valldeoriola, F., Valls-Sole, J., Tolosa, E., Ventura, P.J., Nobbe, F.A., and Marti, M.J. (1998) Effects of a startling acoustic stimulus on reaction time in different parkinsonian syndromes. Neurology 51, 1315–1320.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Jahanshahi, M., Brown, R.G., and Marsden, C.D. (1992) Simple and choice reaction time and the use of advance information for motor preparation in Parkinson’s disease. Brain115, 539–564.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Friston, K.J., Frith, C.D., Liddle, P.F., and Frackowiak, R.S. (1991) Investigating a network model of word generation with positron emission tomography. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 244, 101–106.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Flowers, K.A., Robertson, C., and Sheridan, M.R. (1996) Some characteristics of word fluency in Parkinson’s disease. J. Neurolinguistics 9, 33–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Auriacombe, S., Grossman, M., Carvell, S., Stern, M., and Hurtig, H.I. (1993) Verbal fluency deficits in Parkinson’s disease. Neuropsychology 7, 182–192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Matison, R., Mayeux, R., Rosen, J., and Fahn, S. (1982) “Tip-of-the-tongue” phenomenon in Parkinson disease. Neurology 32, 567–570.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Troster, A.I., Fields, J.A., Testa, J.A., et al. (1998) Cortical and subcortical influences on clustering and switching in the performance of verbal fluency tasks. Neuropsychologia 36, 295–304.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Troster, A.I., Stalp, L.D., Paolo, A.M., Fields, J.A., and Koller, W.C. (1995) Neuropsychological impairment in Parkinson’s disease with and without depression. Arch. Neurol. 52, 1164–1169.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Rey, G.J., Tomer, R., Levin, B.E., Sanchez, R.J., Bowen, B., and Bruce, J.H. (1995) Psychiatric symptoms, atypical dementia, and left visual field inattention in corticobasal ganglionic degeneration. Mov. Disord. 10, 106–110.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Broussolle, E., Dentresangle, C., Landais, P., et al. (1999) The relation of putamen and caudate nucleus 18F-Dopa uptake to motor and cognitive performances in Parkinson’s disease. J. Neurol. Sci. 166, 141–151.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Rinne, J.O., Portin, R., Ruottinen, H., et al. (2000) Cognitive impairment and the brain dopaminergic system in Parkinson disease: [18F]fluorodopa positron emission tomographic study. Arch. Neurol. 57, 470–475.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Cooper, J.A., Sagar, H.J., Jordan, N., Harvey, N.S., and Sullivan, E.V. (1991) Cognitive impairment in early, untreated Parkinson’s disease and its relationship to motor disability. Brain 114, 2095–2122.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Lange, KW., Paul, G.M., Naumann, M., and Gsell, W. (1995) Dopaminergic effects on cognitive performance in patients with Parkinson’s disease. J. Neural. Transm. Suppl. 46, 423–432.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Piatt, A.L., Fields, J.A., Paolo, A.M., Koller, W.C., and Troster, A.I. (1999) Lexical, semantic, and action verbal fluency in Parkinson’s disease with and without dementia. J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol. 21, 435–443.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Mahieux, F., Fenelon, G., Flahault, A., Manifacier, M.J., Michelet, D., and Boller, F. (1998) Neuropsychological prediction of dementia in Parkinson’s disease. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 64, 178–183.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Pillon, B., Dubois, B., and Agid, Y. (1991) Severity and specificity of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s, Huntington’s, and Parkinson’s diseases and progressive supranuclear palsy. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 640, 224–227.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Pillon, B., Gouider-Khouja, N., Deweer, B., et al. (1995) Neuropsychological pattern of striatonigral degeneration: comparison with Parkinson’s disease and progressive supranuclear palsy. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 58, 174–179.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Gurd, J.M. (1996) Word search in patients with Parkinson’s disease. J. Neurolinguistics 9, 207–218.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Wichmann, T. and DeLong, M.R. (1998) Models of basal ganglia function and pathophysiology of movement disorders. Neurosurg. Clin. N. Am. 9, 223–236.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Brown, R.G., Soliveri, P., and Jahanshahi, M. (1998) Executive processes in Parkinson’s disease: random number generation and response suppression. Neuropsychologia 36, 1355–1362.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Jahanshahi, M., Profice, P., Brown, R.G., Ridding, M.C., Dirnberger, G., and Rothwell, J.C. (1998) The effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on random number generation. Brain 121, 1533–1544.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Marin, R.S. (1991) Apathy: a neuropsychiatric syndrome. J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 3, 243–254.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Bak, T.H. and Hodges, J.R. (1998) The neuropsychology of progressive supranuclear palsy. Neurocase 4, 89–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Taylor, A.E. and Saint-Cyr, J.A. (1995) The neuropsychology of Parkinson’s disease. Brain Cogn. 28, 281–296.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Knoke, D., Taylor, A.E., and Saint-Cyr, J.A. (1998) The differential effects of cueing on recall in Parkinson’s disease and normal subjects. Brain Cogn. 38, 261–274.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Pillon, B., Blin, J., Vidailhet, M., et al. (1995) The neuropsychological pattern of corticobasal degeneration: comparison with progressive supranuclear palsy and Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology 45, 1477–1483.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Robbins, T.W., James, M., Owen, A.M., et al. (1994) Cognitive deficits in progressive supranuclear palsy, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple system atrophy in tests sensitive to frontal lobe dysfunction. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 57, 79–88.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Whittington, C.J., Podd, J., and Kan, M.M. (2000) Recognition memory impairment in Parkinson’s disease: power and meta-analyses. Neuropsychology 14, 233–246.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Massman, P.J., Delis, D.C., Butters, N., Levin, B.E., and Salmon, D.P. (1990) Are all subcortical dementias alike? Verbal learning and memory in Parkinson’s and Huntington’s disease patients. J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol. 12, 729–744.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Berger, H.J., van Es, N.J., Van Spaendonck, K.P., et al. (1999) Relationship between memory strategies and motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease. J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol. 21, 677–684.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Marin, R.S. (1990) Differential diagnosis and classification of apathy. Am. J. Psychiatry 147, 22–30.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Marin, R.S., Biedrzycki, R.C., and Firinciogullari, S. (1991) Reliability and validity of the Apathy Evaluation Scale. Psychiatry Res. 38, 143–162.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Cummings, J.L., Mega, M., Gray, K., Rosenberg Thompson, S., Carusi, D.A., and Gornbein, J. (1994) The Neuropsychiatric Inventory: comprehensive assessment of psychopathology in dementia. Neurology 44, 2308–2314.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Aarsland, D., Larsen, J.P., Geok Lim, N., et al. (1999) Range of neuropsychiatric disturbances in patients with Parkinsons’s disease. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 67, 492–496.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Levy, M.L., Cummings, J.L., Fairbanks, L.A., et al. (1998) Apathy is not depression. J. Neuropsychiat. Clin. Neurosci. 10, 314–319.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Brown, R.G. and Pluck, G. (2000) Negative symptoms: the “pathology” of motivation and goal-direct behaviour. Trends Neurosci. 23, 412–417.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Mogenson, G.J., Jones, L.D., and Yim, C.Y. (1980) From motivation to action: functional interface between the limbic system and the motor system. Prog. Neurobiol. 14, 69–97.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Price, J.L., Camichael, S.T., and Drevets, W.C. (1996) Networks related to the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex: a substrate for emotional behavior?, in Progress in Brain Research, vol. 107 (Holstege, G., Bandler, R., and Saper, C.B., eds.), Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam, pp. 523–536.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Haber, S.N., Kunishio, K., Mizobuchi, M., and Lynd-Balta, E. (1995) The orbital and medial prefrontal circuit through the primate basal ganglia. J. Neurosci. 15, 4851–4867.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Jellinger, K. (1988) The pedunculopontine nucleus in Parkinson’s disease, progressive supranuclear palsy and Alzheimer’s disease. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 51, 540–543.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Erro, E. and Gimenez-Amaya, J.M. (1999) Pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus. Anatomy, functional considerations and physiopathological implications. An. Sist. Sanit. Navarra 22, 189–201.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Davidson, R.J. and Irwin, W. (1999) The functional neuroanatomy of emotion and affective style. Trends Cogn. Sci. 3, 11–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Searle, J.R. (1983) Intentionality. An Essay on the Philosophy of Mind, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  60. Leenders, K., Kuenig, G., Martin, Ch., and Schultz, W. (1999) Reward processing in the Parkinson’s disease brain. Parkinsonism Rel. Disord. 5, S61.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Goerendt, I.K., Lawrence, A.D., and Brooks, D.J. (1999) Reward processing in the Parkinsonian brain: an activation study using PET. Parkinsonism Rel. Disord. 5, S58.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Hart, R.P., Wade, J.B., Calabrese, V.P., and Colenda, C.C. (1998) Vigilance performance in Parkinson’s disease and depression. J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol. 20, 111–117.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Aarsland, D., Larsen, J.P., Karlsen, K., Lim, N.G., and Tandberg, E. (1999) Mental symptoms in Parkinson’s disease are important contributors to caregiver distress. Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry 14, 866–874.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Galynker, I., Ieronimo, C., Miner, C., Rosenblum, J., Vilkas, N., and Rosenthal, R. (1997) Methylphenidate treatment of negative symptoms in patients with dementia. J. Neuropsychiat. Clin. Neurosci. 9, 231–239.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. McKeith, I., Del Ser, T., Spano, P., et al. (2000) Efficacy of rivastigmine in dementia with Lewy bodies: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled international study. Lancet 356, 2031–2036.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2003 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Brown, R.G. (2003). Disorders of Intention in Parkinsonian Syndromes. In: Bédard, MA., Agid, Y., Chouinard, S., Fahn, S., Korczyn, A.D., Lespérance, P. (eds) Mental and Behavioral Dysfunction in Movement Disorders. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-326-2_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-326-2_7

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-61737-372-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-326-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics