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Anesthetic Effects on the Reticular Formation, Brainstem and Central Nervous System Arousal

  • Chapter
Book cover Neural Mechanisms of Anesthesia

Part of the book series: Contemporary Clinical Neuroscience ((CCNE))

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Abstract

The reticular formation (RF) and brainstem are critically involved in normal neurological processes, such as nociception and consciousness. The RF is often called an “activating system” because of its ability to increase “arousal,” presumably by activation of subcortical and cortical structures. Furthermore, numerous sites in the brainstem are involved in descending modulation of nociception. Thus, it is likely that anesthetics exert some of their effects via actions at the RF and brainstem. This chapter will describe the anatomy, physiology, and neurochemistry of the RF and brainstem, anesthetic effects at these sites, and how these actions might contribute to anesthesia. In addition, we discuss how these actions might affect the “arousal” state of the brain, and thereby affect clinically important goals such as amnesia and unconsciousness. We also discuss the use of auditory evoked potentials as a method of monitoring depth of anesthesia.

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Authors
  1. Joseph F. Antognini
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  2. Earl Carstens
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anesthesiology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA

    Joseph F. Antognini MD

  2. Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA

    Earl Carstens PhD

  3. Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

    Douglas E. Raines MD

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Antognini, J.F., Carstens, E. (2003). Anesthetic Effects on the Reticular Formation, Brainstem and Central Nervous System Arousal. In: Antognini, J.F., Carstens, E., Raines, D.E. (eds) Neural Mechanisms of Anesthesia. Contemporary Clinical Neuroscience. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-322-4_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-322-4_10

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