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Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors in HIV Infection

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Cytokines and Chemokines in Infectious Diseases Handbook

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Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the causative agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), is a member of the Lentiviridae subfamily of retroviruses (1). HIV is a complex retrovirus that contains a diploid RNA genome, approx 9600 nucleotides in length. In addition to the typical retroviral genes (gag, pol, env), the HIV genome contains several nonstructural genes encoding small regulatory proteins that modulate viral expression and play an important role in the interaction with the infected host (1). Three branches in the phylogenetic tree of HIV-1 have been defined: M (main), N (new), and O (outlier). Among them, group M is the most widespread, being responsible for more than 99% of the infections worldwide. At least nine distinct genotypes (or clades) have been identified within group M (labeled A through K), as well as a growing number of intermediate genotypes, chimeric viruses most likely resulting from mixed infections in endemic areas (2).

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  1. Paolo Lusso
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Surgery and Molecular Sciences, VA Medical Center, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, USA

    Malak Kotb PhD

  2. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospital Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland

    Thierry Calandra MD, PhD

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Lusso, P. (2003). Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors in HIV Infection. In: Kotb, M., Calandra, T. (eds) Cytokines and Chemokines in Infectious Diseases Handbook. Infectious Disease. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-309-5_21

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-309-5_21

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