Abstract
The intracellular protozoan Leishmania are obligate parasites of macrophages that can infect various mammalian hosts such as rodents, dogs, and humans (1). At least 20 Leishmania species can trigger pathogenic processes in humans. The host-to-host transmission of the parasite occurs through the bite of its hematophagous vector, the female sandfly, which is of the genus Phlebotomus in the Old World and Lutzomyia in the New World.
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Tacchini-Cottier, F., Milon, G., Louis, J.A. (2003). Th1 and Th2 Cytokines in Leishmaniasis. In: Kotb, M., Calandra, T. (eds) Cytokines and Chemokines in Infectious Diseases Handbook. Infectious Disease. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-309-5_18
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