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Roles of Glutamate, Nitric Oxide, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis in the Neurotoxicity of Methamphetamine

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Glutamate and Addiction

Part of the book series: Contemporary Clinical Neuroscience ((CCNE))

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Abstract

Oxygen and nitric oxide (NO) are essential elements for normal life. Indeed, the reduction of molecular oxygen represents one of the most important generators of energy for aerobic organisms. This occurs through the four-election reduction of dioxygen to yield water. Nevertheless, these substances can also participate in deleterious reactions that negatively impact lipid, protein, and nucleic acid. Thus, normal physiological function depends on a balance between these potentially toxic substances and the scavenging systems that aerobic organisms have developed to counteract their deleterious effects. Both exogenous and endogenous causes can tilt that balance. In the present chapter, I will elaborate on the thesis that the neurodegenerative effects of methamphetamine are due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction in monoaminergic systems in the brain. I will also discuss the possible role of glutamate and of NO in the cascade that leads to methamphetamine (METH)-induced neuro-toxicity. Moreover, this chapter will review briefly recent data that provide conclusive evidence that METH can also cause cell death in various regions of the brain.

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Authors
  1. Jean Lud Cadet MD
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Clinical Medical Branch, Division of Treatment Research and Development, National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA

    Barbara H. Herman PhD

  2. Pharmacology, Integrative & Cellular Neurobiology Research Branch (PICNRB), Division of Neuroscience & Behavioral Research (DNBR), National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA

    Jerry Frankenheim PhD

  3. Treatment Research Branch, Division of Clinical and Prevention Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA

    Raye Z. Litten PhD

  4. Division of Neuropharmacological Drug Products Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Drug Evaluation I, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA

    Philip H. Sheridan MD

  5. Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIAAA) National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA

    Forrest F. Weight MD

  6. Division of Treatment Research and Development, National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA

    Steven R. Zukin MD

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© 2002 Springer Science+Business Media New York

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Cadet, J.L. (2002). Roles of Glutamate, Nitric Oxide, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis in the Neurotoxicity of Methamphetamine. In: Herman, B.H., Frankenheim, J., Litten, R.Z., Sheridan, P.H., Weight, F.F., Zukin, S.R. (eds) Glutamate and Addiction. Contemporary Clinical Neuroscience. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-306-4_13

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-306-4_13

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-61737-234-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-306-4

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