Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Neural Stem Cells in the Adult Hippocampus

  • Chapter
Neural Stem Cells for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair

Part of the book series: Contemporary Neuroscience ((CNEURO))

  • 131 Accesses

Abstract

It had long been held as dogma that no new neurons are added to the central nervous system after birth. The fixed neuronal population of the adult brain was understood to be necessary to maintain the functional stability of the adult brain and was also taken as an explanation for the lack of endogenous repair within the central nervous system following injury. However, there were early reports of cell proliferation in the adult brain (1–4), and these observations have been validated by the use of new, more powerful labeling techniques over the last decade (5). Nevertheless, under normal conditions, neurogenesis in the adult brain appears to be restricted to the subventricular zone and the hippocampal dentate gyrus. This review summarizes our current understanding regarding neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus, the extent to which primitive neural progenitor (stem) cells in the hippocampus can be manipulated in vitro and in vivo, and the implications of hippocampal neurogenesis for brain function and plasticity. Because of the importance of quantitative studies to our understanding of neurogenesis, some methodological and conceptual issues regarding histological quantitation are also addressed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Altman, J. (1962) Are neurons formed in the brains of adult mammals? Science 135, 1127–1128.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Kaplan, M. S. and Hinds, J. W. (1977) Neurogenesis in the adult rat: electron microscopic analysis of light radioautographs. Science 197, 1092–1094.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Bayer, S. A. (1985) Neuron production in the hippocampus and olfactory bulb of the adult rat brain: addition or replacement? Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 457, 163–172.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Kaplan, M. S. (2001) Environment complexity stimulates visual cortex neuro-genesis: death of a dogma and a research career. Trends Neurosci. 24, 617–620.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Gross, C. G. (2000) Neurogenesis in the adult brain: death of a dogma. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 1, 67–73.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Nowakowski, R. S. and Hayes, N. L. (2000) New neurons: extraordinary evidence or extraordinary conclusion? Science 288, 771.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Gage, E. H., Kempermann, G., Palmer, T. D., Peterson, D. A., and Ray, J. (1998) Multipotent progenitor cells in the adult dentate gyrus. J. Neurobiol. 36, 249–266.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Seki, T. and Arai, Y. (1993) Highly polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM-H) is expressed by newly generated granule cells in the dentate gyrus of the adult rat. J. Neurosci. 13, 2351–2358.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Seki, T. and Arai, Y. (1999) Temporal and spacial relationships between PSA—NCAM-expressing, newly generated granule cells, and radial glia-like cells in the adult dentate gyms. J Comp. Neurol. 410, 503–513.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Parent, J. M., Yu, T. W., Leibowitz, R. T., Geschwind, D. H., Sloviter, R. S., and Lowenstein, D. H. (1997) Dentate granule cell neurogenesis is increased by seizures and contributes to aberrant network reorganization in the adult rat hippocampus. J. Neurosci. 17, 3727–3738.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Gage, E. H., Coates, P. W., Palmer, T. D., Kuhn, H. G., Fisher, L. J., Suhonen, J. O., et al. (1995) Survival and differentiation of adult neuronal progenitor cells transplanted to the adult brain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92, 11,879–11, 883.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Peterson, D. A. and Gage, F. H. (1999) Trophic factors in experimental models of adult central nervous system injury, in Neurodegeneration and Age-Related Changes in Structure and Function of Cerebral Cortex (Jones, E. G., Peters, A., and Morrison, J. H., eds. ), pp. 129–173.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Ray, J., Peterson, D. A., Schinstine, M., and Gage, F. H. (1993) Proliferation, differentiation and long-term culture of primary hippocampal neurons. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 3602–3606.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Palmer, T. D., Takahashi, J., and Gage, F. H. (1997) The adult rat hippocampus contains primordial neural stem cells. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 8, 389–404.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Takahashi, J., Palmer, T. D., and Gage, F. H. (1999) Retinoic acid and neurotrophins collaborate to regulate neurogenesis in adult-derived neural stem cell cultures. J. Neurobiol. 38, 65–81.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Reynolds, B. A. and Weiss, S. (1992) Generation of neurons and astrocytes from isolated cells of the adult mammalian central nervous system. Science 255, 1707–1710.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Laywell, E. D., Kukekov, V. G., and Steindler, D. A. (1999) Multipotent neurospheres can be derived from forebrain subependymal zone and spinal cord of adult mice after protracted postmortem intervals. Exp. Neurol. 156, 430–433.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Roisen, F. J., Klueber, K. M., Lu, C. L., Hatcher, L. M., Dozier, A., Shields, C. B., et al. (2001) Adult human olfactory stem cells. Brain Res. 890, 11–22.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Palmer, T. D., Schwartz, P. H., Taupin, P., Kaspar, B., Stein, S. A., and Gage, F. H. (2001) Progenitor cells from human brain after death. Nature 411, 42–43.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Scheffler, B., Horn, M., Blumcke, I., Laywell, E. D., Coomes, D., Kukekov, V. G., et al. (1999) Marrow-mindedness: a perspective on neuropoiesis. Trends Neurosci. 22, 348–357.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Gage, F. H. (2000) Mammalian neural stem cells. Science 287, 1433–1438.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Suhonen, J. O., Peterson, D. A., Ray, J., and Gage, F. H. (1996) Differentiation of adult hippocampus-derived progenitors into olfactory neurons in vivo. Nature 383, 624–627.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Takahashi, M., Palmer, T. D., Takahashi, J., and Gage, F. H. (1998) Widespread integration and survival of adult-derived neural progenitor cells in the developing optic retina. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 12, 340–348.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Young, M. J., Ray, J., Whiteley, S. J., Klassen, H., and Gage, F. H. (2000) Neuronal differentiation and morphological integration of hippocampal progenitor cells transplanted to the retina of immature and mature dystrophic rats. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 16, 197–205.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Nishida, A., Takahashi, M., Tanihara, H., Nakano, I., Takahashi, J. B., Mizoguchi, A., et al. (2000) Incorporation and differentiation of hippocampus-derived neural stem cells transplanted in injured adult rat retina. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 41, 4268–4274.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Fricker, R. A., Carpenter, M. K., Winkler, C., Greco, C., Gates, M. A., and Bjorklund, A. (1999) Site-specific migration and neuronal differentiation of human neural progenitor cells after transplantation in the adult rat brain. J. Neurosci. 19, 5990–6005.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Shihabuddin, L. S., Homer, P. J., Ray, J., and Gage, F. H. (2000) Adult spinal cord stem cells generate neurons after transplantation in the adult dentate gyms. J. Neurosci. 20, 8727–8735.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Thomas, R., Peterson, L. D., and Peterson. D.A. (2001) Region-specific differentiation of grafted neuronal lineage-restricted progenitor cells: hippocampal neurons from spinal cord cells. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 27, 791. 9.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Clarke, D. L., Johansson, C. B., Wilbertz, J., Veress, B., Nilsson, E., Karlstrom, H., et al. (2000) Generalized potential of adult neural stem cells. Science 288, 1660–1663.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Kempermann, G., Kuhn, H. G., and Gage, F. H. (1997) More hippocampal neurons in adult mice living in an enriched environment. Nature 386, 493–495.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. van Praag, H., Kempermann, G., and Gage, F. H. (1999) Running increases cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the adult mouse dentate gyrus. Nat. Neurosci. 2, 266–270.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Kempermann, G. and Gage, F. H. (1999) Experience-dependent regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis: effects of long-term stimulation and stimulus withdrawal. Hippocampus 9, 321–332.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Nilsson, M., Perfilieva, E., Johansson, U., Orwar, O., and Eriksson, P. S. (1999) Enriched environment increases neurogenesis in the adult rat dentate gyrus and improves spatial memory. J. Neurobiol. 39, 569–578.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. van Praag, H., Christie, B. R., Sejnowski, T. J., and Gage, F. H. (1999) Running enhances neurogenesis, learning, and long-term potentiation in mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96, 13,427–13, 431.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Lee, J., Duan, W., Long, J. M., Ingram, D. K., and Mattson, M. P. (2000) Dietary restriction increases the number of newly generated neural cells, and induces BDNF expression, in the dentate gyms of rats. J. Mol. Neurosci. 15, 99–108.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Ciaroni, S., Cuppini, R., Cecchini, T., Ferri, P., Ambrogini, P., Cuppini, C., et al. (1999) Neurogenesis in the adult rat dentate gyms is enhanced by vitamin E deficiency. J. Comp. Neurol. 411, 495–502.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Cameron, H. A., McEwen, B. S., and Gould, E. (1995) Regulation of adult neurogenesis by excitatory input and NMDA receptor activation in the dentate gyrus. J. Neurosci. 15, 4687–4692.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Gould, E., McEwen, B. S., Tanapat, P., Galea, L. A., and Fuchs, E. (1997) Neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the adult tree shrew is regulated by psychosocial stress and NMDA receptor activation. J. Neurosci. 17, 2492–2498.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Nacher, J., Rosell, D. R., Alonso-Llosa, G., and McEwen, B. S. (2001) NMDA receptor antagonist treatment induces a long-lasting increase in the number of proliferating cells, PSA-NCAM-immunoreactive granule neurons and radial glia in the adult rat dentate gyrus. Eur. J. Neurosci. 13, 512–520.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Scott, B. W., Wojtowicz, J. M., and Burnham, W. M. (2000) Neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the rat following electroconvulsive shock seizures. Exp. Neurol. 165, 231–236.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Madsen, T. M., Treschow, A., Bengzon, J., Bolwig, T. G., Lindvall, O., and Tingstrom, A. (2000) Increased neurogenesis in a model of electroconvulsive therapy. Biol. Psychiatry 47, 1043–1049.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Scharfman, H. E., Goodman, J. H., and Sollas, A. L. (2000) Granule-like neurons at the hilar/CA3 border after status epilepticus and their synchrony with area CA3 pyramidal cells: functional implications of seizure-induced neurogenesis. J. Neurosci. 20, 6144–6158.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Kuhn, H. G., Dickinson-Anson, H., and Gage, F. H. (1996) Neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the adult rat: age-related decrease of neuronal progenitor proliferation. J. Neurosci. 16, 2027–2033.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Kempermann, G., Kuhn, H. G., and Gage, F. H. (1998) Experience-induced neurogenesis in the senescent dentate gyrus. J. Neurosci. 18, 3206–3212.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Cameron, H. A. and McKay, R. D. (1999) Restoring production of hippocampal neurons in old age. Nat. Neurosci. 2, 894–897.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Cameron, H. A. and Gould, E. (1994) Adult neurogenesis is regulated by adrenal steroids in the dentate gyrus. Neuroscience 61, 203–209.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Lemaire, V., Koehl, M., Le Moal, M., and Abrous, D. N. (2000) Prenatal stress produces learning deficits associated with an inhibition of neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97, 11,032–11, 037.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Brezun, J. M. and Daszuta, A. (1999) Depletion in serotonin decreases neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone of adult rats. Neuroscience 89, 999–1002.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Brezun, J. M. and Daszuta, A. (2000) Serotonergic reinnervation reverses lesion-induced decreases in PSA-NCAM labeling and proliferation of hippocampal cells in adult rats. Hippocampus 10, 37–46.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Malberg, J. E., Eisch, A. J., Nestler, E. J., and Duman, R. S. (2000) Chronic antidepressant treatment increases neurogenesis in adult rat hippocampus. J. Neurosci. 20, 9104–9110.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Hildebrandt, K., Teuchert-Noodt, G., and Dawirs, R. R. (1999) A single neonatal dose of methamphetamine suppresses dentate granule cell proliferation in adult gerbils which is restored to control values by acute doses of haloperidol. J. Neural. Transm. 106, 549–558.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Eisch, A. J., Barrot, M., Schad, C. A., Self, D. W., and Nestler, E. J. (2000) Opiates inhibit neurogenesis in the adult rat hippocampus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97, 7579–7584.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Wagner, J. P., Black, I. B., and DiCicco-Bloom, E. (1999) Stimulation of neonatal and adult brain neurogenesis by subcutaneous injection of basic fibroblast growth factor. J. Neurosci. 19, 6006–6016.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Aberg, M. A., Aberg, N. D., Hedbacker, H., Oscarsson, J., and Eriksson, P. S. (2000) Peripheral infusion of IGF-I selectively induces neurogenesis in the adult rat hippocampus. J. Neurosci. 20, 2896–2903.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Yoshimura, S., Takagi, Y., Harada, J., Teramoto, T., Thomas, S. S., Waeber, C., et al. (2001) FGF-2 regulation of neurogenesis in adult hippocampus after brain injury. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98, 5874–5879.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Peterson, D. A., Lucidi-Phillipi, C. A., Murphy, D. P., Ray, J., and Gage, F. H. (1996) Fibroblast growth factor-2 protects entorhinal layer II glutamatergic neurons from axotomy-induced death. J. Neurosci. 16, 886–898.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Torres-Aleman, I. (2000) Serum growth factors and neuroprotective surveillance. Mol. Neurobiol. 21, 153–160.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Hansson, A. C., Cintra, A., Belluardo, N., Sommer, W., Bhatnagar, M., Bader, M., et al. (2000) Gluco-and mineralocorticoid receptor-mediated regulation of neurotrophic factor gene expression in the dorsal hippocampus and the neocortex of the rat. Eur. J. Neurosci. 12, 2918–2934.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Hansson, A. C., Sommer, W., Andbjer, B., Bader, M., Ganten, D., and Fuxe, K. (2001) Induction of hippocampal glial cells expressing basic fibroblast growth factor RNA by corticosterone. NeuroReport 12, 141–145.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Zigova, T., Pencea, V., Wiegand, S. J., and Luskin, M. B. (1998) Intraventricular administration of BDNF increases the number of newly generated neurons in the adult olfactory bulb. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 11, 234–245.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Benraiss, A., Chmielnicki, E., Lerner, K., Roh, D., and Goldman, S. A. (2001) Adenoviral brain-derived neurotrophic factor induces both neostriatal and olfactory neuronal recruitment from endogenous progenitor cells in the adult forebrain. J. Neurosci. 21, 6718–6731.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Pencea, V., Bingaman, K. D., Wiegand, S. J., and Luskin, M. B. (2001) Infusion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor into the lateral ventricle of the adult rat leads to new neurons in the parenchyma of the striatum, septum, thalamus, and hypothalamus. J. Neurosci. 21, 6706–6717.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Rasika, S., Alvarez-Buylla, A., and Nottebohm, F. (1999) BDNF mediates the effects of testosterone on the survival of new neurons in an adult brain. Neuron 22, 53–62.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Jankowsky, J. L. and Patterson, P. H. (2001) The role of cytokines and growth factors in seizures and their sequelae. Prog. Neurobiol. 63, 125–149.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Nibuya, M., Nestler, E. J., and Duman, R. S. (1996) Chronic antidepressant administration increases the expression of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) in rat hippocampus. J. Neurosci. 16, 2365–2372.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Chen, B., Dowlatshahi, D., MacQueen, G. M., Wang, J., and Young, L. T. (2001) Increased hippocampal BDNF immunoreactivity in subjects treated with antidepressant medication. Biol. Psychiatry 50, 260–265.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Russo-Neustadt, A. A., Beard, R. C., Huang, Y. M., and Cotman, C. W. (2000) Physical activity and antidepressant treatment potentiate the expression of specific brain-derived neurotrophic factor transcripts in the rat hippocampus. Neuroscience 101, 305–312.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Russo-Neustadt, A., Ha, T., Ramirez, R., and Kesslak, J. P. (2001) Physical activity-antidepressant treatment combination: impact on brain-derived neurotrophic factor and behavior in an animal model. Behay. Brain Res. 120, 87–95.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Vaidya, V. A., Marek, G. J., Aghajanian, G. K., and Duman, R. S. (1997) 5-HT2A receptor-mediated regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA in the hippocampus and the neocortex. J. Neurosci. 17, 2785–2795.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Peterson, D. A., Leppert, J. T., Lee, K. F., and Gage, F. H. (1997) Basal forebrain neuronal loss in mice lacking neurotrophin receptor p75. Science 277, 837–838.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Peterson, D. A., Dickinson-Anson, H. A., Leppert, J. T., Lee, K. F., and Gage, F. H. (1999) Central neuronal loss and behavioral impairment in mice lacking neurotrophin receptor p75.1 Comp. Neurol. 404, 1–20.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Peterson, D. A. (2002) The use of fluorescent probes in cell counting procedures, in Quantitative Methods in Neuroscience-A Neuroanatomical Approach (Evans, S. M., Janson, A. M., and Nyengaard, J. R., eds.), Oxford University Press, Oxford, in press.

    Google Scholar 

  73. West, M. J. (1993) New stereological methods for counting neurons. Neurobiol. Aging 14, 275–285.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. West, M. J. (1993) Regionally specific loss of neurons in the aging numan hippocampus. Neurobiol. Aging 14, 287–293.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Peterson, D. A. (1999) Quantitative histology using confocal microscopy: implementation of unbiased stereology procedures. Methods 18, 493–507.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Cruz-Orive, L. M. and Weibel, E. W. (1981) Sampling designs for stereology. J. Microsc. 122, 235–257.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Gundersen, H. J. G. and osterby, R. (1981) Optimizing sampling efficiency of stereological studies in biology: or “Do more less well!”. J. Microsc. 121, 65–73.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Gundersen, H. J. G. and Jensen, E. B. (1987) The efficiency of systematic sampling in stereology and its prediction. J. Microsc. 147, 229–263.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Ree, K. (1988) Morphometry of rarely occuring cells, in Stereology and Morphometry in Electron Microscopy ( Reith, A. and Mayhew, T. M., eds.), Hemisphere, New York, pp. 63–70.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Craig, C. G., Tropepe, V., Morshead, C. M., Reynolds, B. A., Weiss, S., and van der Kooy, D. (1996) In vivo growth factor expansion of endogenous subependymal neural precursor cell populations in the adult mouse brain. J. Neurosci. 16, 2649–2658.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Kuhn, H. G., Winkler, J., Kempermann, G., Thal, L. J., and Gage, F. H. (1997) Epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor-2 have different effects on neural progenitors in the adult rat brain. J. Neurosci. 17, 5820–5829.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Gould, E., Reeves, A. J., Graziano, M. S., and Gross, C. G. (1999) Neurogenesis in the neocortex of adult primates. Science 286, 548–552.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Gould, E., Vail, N., Wagers, M., and Gross, C. G. (2001) Adult-generated hippocampal and neocortical neurons in macaques have a transient existence. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98, 10,910–10, 917.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Kornack, D. R. and Rakic, P. (2001) Cell proliferation without neurogenesis in adult primate neocortex. Science 294, 2127–2130.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Stanfield, B. B. and Trice, J. E. (1988) Evidence that granule cells generated in the dentate gyrus of adult rats extend axonal projections. Exp. Brain Res. 72, 399–406.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Markakis, E. A. and Gage, F. H. (1999) Adult-generated neurons in the dentate gyrus send axonal projections to field CA3 and are surrounded by synaptic vesicles. J. Comp. Neurol. 406, 449–460.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Gould, E., Beylin, A., Tanapat, P., Reeves, A., and Shors, T. J. (1999) Learning enhances adult neurogenesis in the hippocampal formation. Nat. Neurosci. 2, 260–265.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Shors, T. J., Miesegaes, G., Beylin, A., Zhao, M., Rydel, T., and Gould, E. (2001) Neurogenesis in the adult is involved in the formation of trace memories. Nature 410, 372–376.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Gould, E. and Tanapat, P. (1997) Lesion-induced proliferation of neuronal progenitors in the dentate gyms of the adult rat. Neuroscience 80, 427–436.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Kee, N. J., Preston, E., and Wojtowicz, J. M. (2001) Enhanced neurogenesis after transient global ischemia in the dentate gyrus of the rat. Exp. Brain Res. 136, 313–320.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Dash, P. K., Mach, S. A., and Moore, A. N. (2001) Enhanced neurogenesis in the rodent hippocampus following traumatic brain injury. J. Neurosci. Res. 63, 313–319.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Jin, K., Minami, M., Lan, J. Q., Mao, X. O., Batteur, S., Simon, R. P., et al. (2001) Neurogenesis in dentate subgranular zone and rostral subventricular zone after focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98, 4710–4715.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Eriksson, P. S., Perfilieva, E., Bjork-Eriksson, T., Alborn, A. M., Nordborg, C., Peterson, D. A., et al. (1998) Neurogenesis in the adult human hippocampus. Nat. Med. 4, 1313–1317.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Kornack, D. R. and Rakic, P. (1999) Continuation of neurogenesis in the hippocampus of the adult macaque monkey. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96, 5768–5773.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. van Praag, H., Schinder, A. F., Christie, B. R., Toni, N., Palmer, T. D., and Gage, F. H. (2002) Functional neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus. Nature 415, 1030–1034.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Song, H., Stevens, C. F., and Gage, F. H. (2002) Astroglia induce neurogenesis from adult neural stem cells. Nature 417, 39–44.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. Jasodhara Ray
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Daniel A. Peterson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Aging and Brain Repair, Departments of Neurosurgery, Anatomy and Pharmacology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA

    Tanja Zigova PhD

  2. Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Institutes of Medicine & Beth Israel-Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Newborn Medicine, Children’s Hospital-Boston, Boston, MA, USA

    Evan Y. Snyder MD, PhD

  3. Center for Aging and Brain Repair, Departments of Neurosurgery, Neurology, Psychiatry and Pharmacology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA

    Paul R. Sanberg PhD, DSc

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2003 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ray, J., Peterson, D.A. (2003). Neural Stem Cells in the Adult Hippocampus. In: Zigova, T., Snyder, E.Y., Sanberg, P.R. (eds) Neural Stem Cells for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair. Contemporary Neuroscience. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-298-2_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-298-2_10

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-61737-298-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-298-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation