Abstract
The genus Histoplasma is a dimorphic fungus comprised of two pathogenic species, H. falciminosum (the causative agent of the equine disease) and H. capsulatum, which causes the disease in humans. H. capsulatum, in turn, is divided into two variants, H. capsulatum var. capsulatum, and H. capsulatum var. duboisii (1,2). H. capsulatum var. capsulatum is responsible for the classical or small form (in tissues, the yeast form reaches 2–4 µm in diameter) of histoplasmosis. It is endemic in various parts of the world (United States, the West Indies, Central and South America, Africa, India, and the Far East) with the exception of Europe, and presents with pulmonary and disseminated infection affecting largely the lungs, reticuloendothelial system, mucosal surfaces, and the skin (3). In the United States, the geographic distribution of Histoplasma covers large areas mainly along the Mississippi and Ohio River Valleys. Infection by H. capsulatum is carried out by airborn microconidia (spores), which are inhaled. After reaching the alveoli, the microconidia convert into the yeast phase at body temperature.
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Georgiev, V.S. (2003). Histoplasma spp.. In: Opportunistic Infections. Infectious Disease. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-296-8_27
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