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Osteoporosis pp 349–373Cite as

Androgen Action in Bone

Basic Cellular and Molecular Aspects

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Part of the book series: Contemporary Endocrinology ((COE))

Abstract

The obvious impact of the menopause on skeletal health has focused much of the research on the general action of gonadal steroids on bone on the specific effects of estrogen. However, androgens, independently, have important beneficial effects on skeletal development and on the maintenance of bone mass in both men and women. For example, androgens (1) influence growth plate maturation and closure helping to determine longitudinal bone growth during development, (2) mediate dichotomous regulation of cancellous and cortical bone mass, leading to a sexually dimorphic skeleton, (3) modulate peak bone mass acquisition, and (4) inhibit bone loss (1–4). In castrate animals, replacement with nonaromatizable androgens (e.g., dihydrotestosterone) yields beneficial effects that are clearly distinct from those observed with estrogen replacement (5, 6). In intact females, blockade of the androgen receptor (AR) with the specific AR antagonist hydroxyflutamide results in osteopenia (7). Data suggest that combination therapy with both estrogen and androgenic steroids is more effective than estrogen replacement alone (8–11). At the same time, nonaromatizable androgen alone and in combination with estrogen also result in distinct changes in bone mineral density in females (12). These reports illustrate the independent actions of androgens and estrogens on the skeleton. Thus, in both men and women it is probable that androgens and estrogens each have important, yet distinct, functions during bone development and in the subsequent maintenance of skeletal homeostasis. Given the increasing awareness of the importance of the effects of androgen on skeletal homeostasis, and the potential use of androgen for the treatment of bone disorders, much is yet to be learned.

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  1. Kristine M. Wiren PhD
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Wiren, K.M. (2003). Androgen Action in Bone. In: Orwoll, E.S., Bliziotes, M. (eds) Osteoporosis. Contemporary Endocrinology. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-278-4_17

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-278-4_17

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