Abstract
The availability of powerful desktop computers and of a large amount of detailed data about the morphology of a wide variety of neurons has led to the development of computational approaches that are designed to synthesize such data into biologically meaningful patterns. The hope is, of course, that the emerging patterns will provide clues to the factors that control the formation of neuronal dendrites during development, as well as their maintenance in the adult animal. One class of approaches to this problem is to develop quantitative computational models that can reproduce as many aspects of the original data as possible. The development of such simulations requires analysis of the original data that is directed by the model requirements, and their relative success depends on detailed comparisons between model outputs and the original data sets. Refinement of the models may require not only new experiments, as in other scientific disciplines, but also new ways of looking at the data already in hand. This chapter discusses some examples of this process, with emphasis on spinal motoneurons.
“If ye canna mak a model, then ye dinna understand it.”
(Attributed to Lord Kelvin)
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Stuart G, Spruston N, Häusser M. (eds.) Dendrites. Oxford University Press, New York, 1999, pp. 376.
Cajal S. Histology of the Nervous System of Man and Vertebrates. (translated by Swanson N, Swanson LW) Oxford University Press, New York, 1995.
Ramon-Moliner E. An attempt at classifying nerve cells on the basis of their dendritic patterns. J Comp Neurol 1962; 119: 211–227.
Cullheim S, Kellerth J-O. Combined light and electron microscopical tracing of neurons, including axons and synaptic terminals, after intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase. Neurosci Lett 1976; 2: 307–313.
Snow P, Rose P, Brown A. Tracing axons and axon collaterals of spinal neurons using intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase. Science 1976; 191: 312–313.
Glaser E, Van der Loos H. A semiautomatic computermicroscope for the analysis of neuronal morphology. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1965; 12:22–31.
Johnson E, Capowski J. A system for the three-dimensional reconstruction of biological structures. Comput Biomed Res 1983; 16: 79–87.
Hillman D. Neuronal shape parameters and substructures as a basis of neuronal form. In: The Neurosciences. Fourth Study Program ( Schmitt FO, Worden FG, eds.) MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1979, pp. 477–498.
Cline HT. Development of dendrites. In: Dendrites ( Stuart G, Spruston N, Häusser M, eds.) Oxford University Press, New York, 1999, pp. 35–67.
Segev I, Burke RE, Hines M. Compartmental models of complex neurons. In: Methods in Neuronal Modeling ( Segev I, Koch C, eds.) MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1997, pp. 93136.
Sholl D. Dendritic organization in the neurons of the visual and motor cortices of the cat. J Anat 1953; 87: 387–401.
Cullheim S, Fleshman JW, Glenn LL, Burke RE. Membrane area and dendritic structure in type-identified triceps surae alpha-motoneurons. J Comp Neurol 1987; 255: 68–81.
Ulfhake B and Kellerth J-O. A quantitative light microscopic study of the dendrites of cat spinal a-motoneurons after intracellular staining with horseradish peroxidase. J Comp Neurol 1981; 202: 571–584.
Dityatev A, Chymykhova N, Studer L, Karamian O, Kozhanov V, Clamann H. Comparison of the topology and growth rules of motoneuronal dendrites. J Comp Neurol 1995; 363: 505–516.
van Veen M, van Pelt J. A model for outgrowth of branching neurites. J Theor Biol 1992; 159:1–23.
Verwer R, van Pelt J. Descriptive and comparative analysis of geometrical properties of neuronal tree structures. J Neurosci Methods 1986; 18:179–206.
Hillman D. Parameters of dendritic shape and substructure: intrinsic and extrinsic determination? In: Intrinsic Determinants of Neuronal Form and Function (Lasek RJ, Black MM, eds,) Alan R. Liss, New York, 1988, pp. 83–113.
Stevens J, Trogadis J, Jacobs J. Development and control of axial neurite form: a serial electron microscopic analysis. In: Intrinsic Determinants of Neuronal Form and Function ( Lasek RJ, Black MM, eds.) Alan R. Liss, New York, 1988, pp. 115–145.
Tamori Y. Theory of dendritic morphology. Phys Rev E 1993; 48: 3124–3129.
Burke RE, Marks WB, Ulfhake B. A parsimonious description of motoneuron dendritic morphology using computer simulation. J Neurosci 1992; 12: 2403–2416.
Ascoli GA. Progress and perspectives in computational neuroanatomy. Anat Rec 1999; 257:195–207.
Carriquiry AL, Ireland WP, Kliemann W, Uemura E. Statistical evaluation of dendritic growth models. Bull Math Biol 1991; 53: 579–589.
Brown C. Neuron orientations: a computer application. In: Computer Analysis of Neuronal Structures ( Lindsey RD, ed.) Plenum Press, New York, 1977, pp. 177–188.
Yelnik J, Percheron G, François C, Burnod Y. Principle component analysis: a suitable method for the 3-dimensional study of the shape, dimensions and orientation of dendritic arborizations. J Neurosci Meth 1983; 9:115–125.
Lindsey RD. Neuronal field analysis using Fourier series. In: Computer Analysis of Neuronal Structures ( Lindsey RD, ed.) Plenum Press, New York, 1977, pp. 165–175.
Cullheim S, Fleshman JW, Glenn LL, Burke RE. Three-dimensional architecture of dendritic trees in type-identified alpha-motoneurons. J Comp Neurol 1987; 255: 82–96.
Ascoli GA, Krichmar JL. L-neuron: a modeling tool for the efficient generation and parsimonious description of dendritic morphology. Neurocomputing 2000; 32–33:1003–1011.
Ascoli GA, Krichmar JL, Scorcioni R, Nasuto SJ, Senft SL. Computer generation of anatomically accurate virtual neurons. Anat Embryol 2001; 204: 283–301.
Ford R, Ford ED. Structure and basic equations of a simulator for branch growth in the Pinaceae. J Theor Biol 1990; 146:1–13.
Honda H. Description of the form of trees by the parameters of the tree-like body: effects of the branching angle and the branch length on the shape of the tree-like body. J Theor Biol 1971; 31: 331–338.
Li GH, Qin CD, Wang ZS. Neurite branching pattern formation—modeling and computer simulation. J Theor Biol 1992; 157: 463–486.
Meyer F. Mathematical morphology: from two dimensions to three dimensions. J Microscopy 1992; 165: 5–28.
West MJ. Stereological methods for estimating the total number of neurons and synapses: issues of precision and bias. Trends Neurosci 1999; 22: 51–61.
Tredici G, Tarelli L, Cavaletti G, Marmiroli P. Ultrastructural organization of lamina VI of the spinal cord of the cat. Neurobiology 1985; 24: 293–331.
Moschovakis AK, Burke RE, Fyffe REW. The size and dendritic structure of HRP-labeled gamma motoneurons in the cat spinal cord. J Comp Neurol 1991; 311: 531–545.
Brännström T. Quantitative synaptology of functionally different types of cat medial gastrocnemius alpha-motoneurons. J Comp Neurol 1993; 330: 439–454.
Destombes J, Horchelle-Bossavit G, Thiesson D, Jami L. Alpha and gamma motoneurons in the peroneal nuclei of the cat spinal cord: An ultrastructural study. J Comp Neurol 1992; 317: 79–90.
Burke RE, Strick PL, Kanda K, Kim CC, Walmsley B. Anatomy of medial gastrocnemius and soleus motor nuclei in cat spinal cord. J Neurophysiol 1977; 40: 667–680.
Aitken JT, Bridger JE. Neuron size and neuron population density in the lumbosacral region of the cat’s spinal cord. J Anat 1961; 95: 38–53.
Thompson D. On Growth and Form. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1942.
Burke RE. Motor units: anatomy, physiology and functional organization. In Handbook of Physiology, Sect. 1: The Nervous System, Vol. II. Motor Control, Part 1 ( Brooks VB, ed.) American Physiological Society, Washington, DC, 1981, pp. 345–422.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Burke, R.E., Marks, W.B. (2002). Some Approaches to Quantitative Dendritic Morphology. In: Ascoli, G.A. (eds) Computational Neuroanatomy. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-275-3_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-275-3_2
Publisher Name: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ
Print ISBN: 978-1-61737-297-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-59259-275-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive