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Nutrition and Health in Developing Countries pp 93–129Cite as

Diarrheal Diseases

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Part of the book series: Nutrition ◊ and ◊ Health ((NH))

Abstract

Diarrheal diseases are a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in developing countries. An important contributing factor to these deaths is malnutrition. Diarrhea is a condition characterized by stools of decreased consistency and increased number, and is usually owing to infection of the gastrointestinal tract by pathogenic viruses, bacteria, or parasites. There has been great variability in the literature regarding the definition of diarrhea, as stool consistency and number can be influenced by age and type of diet. For most epidemiological studies, diarrhea is defined as a condition in which three or more liquid stools are passed within any 24-hr period (1,2). This definition may be less satisfactory for breast-feeding infants under 2 mo of age, who often pass frequent, loose, “pasty” stools that are not considered to be diarrhea. An episode of diarrhea is usually considered to be terminated when an individual has at least 2 d free of diarrhea, as defined earlier. Dysentery is defined as diarrheal disease in which blood is present in liquid stools. Persistent diarrhea is defined as an episode of diarrhea that lasts for at least 14 d. In this chapter we will review the current knowledge on this important subject, reviewing the epidemiology, pathogenesis, the interactions between nutrition and diarrheal diseases, the dietary management of these conditions, and nutrition interventions that may prevent diarrheal diseases.

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Authors
  1. Claudio F. Lanata
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  2. Robert E. Black
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, Division of Ocular Immunology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Richard D. Semba MD, MPH

  2. Helen Keller International — Regional Headquarters, Jakarta, Indonesia

    Martin W. Bloem MD, PhD

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Lanata, C.F., Black, R.E. (2001). Diarrheal Diseases. In: Semba, R.D., Bloem, M.W. (eds) Nutrition and Health in Developing Countries. Nutrition ◊ and ◊ Health. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-225-8_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-225-8_5

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